Spherically symmetric solutions to a model for phase transitions driven by configurational forces

We prove the global in time existence of spherically symmetric solutions to an initial-boundary value problem for a system of partial differential equations, which consists of the equations of linear elasticity and a nonlinear, non-uniformly parabolic equation of second order. The problem models the behavior in time of materials in which martensitic phase transitions, driven by configurational forces, take place, and can be considered to be a regularization of the corresponding sharp interface model. By assuming that the solutions are spherically symmetric, we reduce the original multidimensional problem to the one in one space dimension, then prove the existence of spherically symmetric solutions. Our proof is valid due to the essential feature that the reduced problem is one space dimensional.Comment: 25 page

Why Viewers Contribute in Live Feed Broadcast

Live feed broadcast, as a new media, enables viewers to interact with broadcasters or other viewers during live video and co-create video with others. Facilitated by synchrony and mobility, the live feed broadcast is now available to anyone having a smart phone consequently leading to increased competition among broadcaster for viewers. The presence of viewers in one’s live feed brings reputation as well as financial benefits to the broadcasters. Hence, the ease of broadcasting would increase competition and hence difficulty in viewer retention. Therefore, this study aims to investigate viewers’ intention to actively participate in a live feed broadcast using a combination of socio-technical perspective and commitment-trust theory. The results reveal that social and technical features influence affective commitment and identification trust, which in turn affects the viewer co-creation behavior. The results will be useful for live feed broadcasters as well as platform providers. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed

PRE-PURCHASE AND POST-PURCHASE SALES PROMOTIONS ON E-COMMERCE PLATFORMS: THE EFFECTS OF PROMOTIONAL BENEFITS ON CUSTOMER-BASED BRAND EQUITY

This research examines the impacts of electronic commerce platforms\u27 sales promotions\u27 benefits on customer-based brand equity (platform brand awareness and platform brand association) and how these relationships are moderated by the promotion stage. Based on the two functions of sales promotions (stimulation vs. maintenance), we propose a five-benefit framework consisting of exploration, convenience, savings, social bonds and structural bonds. Our results reveal the two functions of sales promotions and the positive effects of the benefits on customer-based brand equity (CBBE). The differences between pre- and post-purchase sales promotions are also significant. We discuss the managerial and theoretical implications of these results at the end

A novel and stable "two-hit" acute lung injury model induced by oleic acid in piglets

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Children are susceptible to pulmonary injury, and acute lung injury (ALI) often results in a high mortality and financial cost in pediatric patients. Evidence has showed that oleic acid (OA) plays an important role in ALI. Therefore, it has special significance to study ALI in pediatric patients by using OA-induced animal models. Unfortunately, the animal model hs a high mortality due to hemodynamic instability. The aim of this study was to establish a novel hemodynamically stable OA-induced ALI model in piglets with two hits.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>18 Chinese mini-piglets were randomized into three groups: group C (received saline-ethanol solution), group T (received OA-ethanol solution in routine administration manner) and group H (received OA-ethanol solution in two-hit manner). Hemodynamic and pulmonary function data were measured. Histopathological assessments were performed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Two piglets in group T died of radical decline of systemic blood pressure. Group T showed more drastic hemodynamic changes than group H especially during the period of 5 to 30 minutes after OA administration. Both Group T and group H all produced severe lung injury, while group C had no significant pathologic changes. OA-induced hypotension might be caused by pulmonary hypertension rather than comprised left ventricular function.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>OA leads to severe pulmonary hypertension which results in hemodynamic fluctuation in OA-induced ALI model. It is the first report on hemodynamic stable ALI animal model in piglets using two-hit method. The two-hit ALI animal model fulfils the ALI criteria and has the following characteristics: hemodynamic stability, stable damage to gas exchange and comparability with pediatric patients in body weight and corresponding age. The two-hit ALI animal model can be used to study the basic mechanism and the therapeutic strategies for pediatric ALI.</p

Suppression of Jasmonic Acid-Dependent Defense in Cotton Plant by the Mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis

The solenopsis mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis, has been recently recognized as an aggressively invasive pest in China, and is now becoming a serious threat to the cotton industry in the country. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the molecular mechanisms employed by cotton for defending against P. solenopsis before the pest populations reach epidemic levels. Here, we examined the effects of exogenous jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and herbivory treatments on feeding behavior and on development of female P. solenopsis. Further, we compared the volatile emissions of cotton plants upon JA, SA, and herbivory treatments, as well as the time-related changes in gossypol production and defense-related genes. Female adult P. solenopsis were repelled by leaves from JA-treated plant, but were not repelled by leaves from SA-treated plants. In contrast, females were attracted by leaves from plants pre-infested by P. solenopsis. The diverse feeding responses by P. solenopsis were due to the difference in volatile emission of plants from different treatments. Furthermore, we show that JA-treated plants slowed P. solenopsis development, but plants pre-infested by P. solenopsis accelerated its development. We also show that P. solenopsis feeding inhibited the JA-regulated gossypol production, and prevented the induction of JA-related genes. We conclude that P. solenopsis is able to prevent the activation of JA-dependent defenses associated with basal resistance to mealybugs

Space advanced technology demonstration satellite

The Space Advanced Technology demonstration satellite (SATech-01), a mission for low-cost space science and new technology experiments, organized by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), was successfully launched into a Sun-synchronous orbit at an altitude of similar to 500 km on July 27, 2022, from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre. Serving as an experimental platform for space science exploration and the demonstration of advanced common technologies in orbit, SATech-01 is equipped with 16 experimental payloads, including the solar upper transition region imager (SUTRI), the lobster eye imager for astronomy (LEIA), the high energy burst searcher (HEBS), and a High Precision Magnetic Field Measurement System based on a CPT Magnetometer (CPT). It also incorporates an imager with freeform optics, an integrated thermal imaging sensor, and a multi-functional integrated imager, etc. This paper provides an overview of SATech-01, including a technical description of the satellite and its scientific payloads, along with their on-orbit performance

The Electrochemical Reduction of 2-Ethylanthraquinone(2EAQ)

以Ｐｔ、Ｐｄ及几种Ｐｄ－离子注入材料为电极使用ＣＶ和ＥＳＲ法研究了２ＥＡＱ在ＤＭＳＯ中的电化学还原作用。阐明了两个电子迁移步骤所具有的准可逆性质及其后续均相化学反应。提出了电化学还原作用的历程，计算了有关步骤的动力学参数。对体系中水含量的影响进行了测量，讨论了质子给予体的作用。通过实验结果的对比，提出了在２ＥＡＱ还原中以Ｐｄ－离子注入材料代替金属Ｐｄ催化剂的可能性。The process of electrochemical reduction of 2EAQ in DMSO is studied using CVand ESR methods in this work, Pt, Pd and some implanted materials are used as electrodes. Thequasi-rever+sible property of two electron transfer steps and their following homogeneous chemicalreactions are illustrated,The mechanism of the electrochemical red uction of 2 EAQ and the kineticparameters of the related steps are obtained. Having measured the influence of water content in thesystem, the effect of the proton donor is discussed. After comparising the experimental results witheach other these experiments gives us the idea that the replacement of metal Pd or some Pd-catalystswith pd-implanted materials in 2 EAQ reduction is possible.作者联系地址：首都师范大学化学系Author's Address: Dept.of Chem. Capital Teachers, univ., Beijing,10003

Producing nitrite from anodic ammonia oxidation to accelerate anammox in a bioelectrochemical system with a given anode potential

Requirement of NO presence in feed is one barrier of anammox process for the application since NO is not a frequent composition in most wastewaters. In this study, anodic oxidation of NH to NO was realized in a single-chamber bioelectrochemical system with an anodic potential of -0.5 V. The NO product compensated its lack in the feed to accelerate the anammox. As a result, the anammox efficiency increased by at least 29.2%. When the potential was removed, the nitrogen removal in these two reactors had no significant differences. The SEM images and FISH analysis suggested that the abundance of anammox bacteria was obviously higher in R2

Association of sodium intake and major cardiovascular outcomes: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

Abstract Background The association of sodium intake with the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is inconsistent. Thus, the present meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the strength of association between sodium intake and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Methods PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched systematically to identify the relevant studies up to October 2017. The effect estimates for 100 mmol/day increase in sodium intake were calculated using 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cardiac death, total mortality, stroke, or stroke mortality for low ( 5 g/d) sodium intake, and minimal sodium intake comparison. Results A total of 16 prospective cohort studies reported data on 205,575 individuals. The results suggested that an increase in sodium intake by 100 mmol/d demonstrated little or no effect on the risk of cardiac death (P = 0.718) and total mortality (P = 0.720). However, the risk of stroke incidence (P = 0.029) and stroke mortality (P = 0.007) was increased significantly by 100 mmol/day increment of sodium intake. Furthermore, low sodium intake was associated with an increased risk of cardiac death (P = 0.003), while moderate (P < 0.001) or heavy (P = 0.001) sodium intake was associated with an increased risk of stroke mortality. Conclusions These findings suggested that sodium intake by 100 mmol/d increment was associated with an increased risk of stroke incidence and stroke mortality. Furthermore, low sodium intake was related to an increased cardiac death risk, while moderate or heavy sodium intake was related to an increased risk of stroke mortality