Three-dimensional generalization and verification of structured bounding surface model for natural clay

As the proposed structured bounding surface model can only be used to solve planar strain problems of natural soft clay, a three-dimensional adaptive failure criterion is adopted to improve the model to capture the three-dimensional behaviors of natural soft clay. The three-dimensional adaptive failure criterion incorporated in this model can cover the Lade-Duncan criterion and the Matsuoka-Nakai criterion as its special ones. The structured bounding surface model is generalized into three-dimensional stress space by using the three-dimensional adaptive failure criterion. After improved with the three-dimensional adaptive failure criterion, the model can be seen as a modified bounding surface model which considers the destructuration and three-dimensional behaviors and neglects the anisotropy of natural soft clay. The simulations of undrained compression and extension tests of K0 consolidation state Bothkennar clay shows the unimportance of neglecting anisotropy in this model. It was validated on Pisa clay that the improved model can simulate well the three dimensional behaviors of natural soft clay under true triaxial conditions

Crystal Structure of the Pre-fusion Nipah Virus Fusion Glycoprotein Reveals a Novel Hexamer-of-Trimers Assembly.

Nipah virus (NiV) is a paramyxovirus that infects host cells through the coordinated efforts of two envelope glycoproteins. The G glycoprotein attaches to cell receptors, triggering the fusion (F) glycoprotein to execute membrane fusion. Here we report the first crystal structure of the pre-fusion form of the NiV-F glycoprotein ectodomain. Interestingly this structure also revealed a hexamer-of-trimers encircling a central axis. Electron tomography of Nipah virus-like particles supported the hexameric pre-fusion model, and biochemical analyses supported the hexamer-of-trimers F assembly in solution. Importantly, structure-assisted site-directed mutagenesis of the interfaces between F trimers highlighted the functional relevance of the hexameric assembly. Shown here, in both cell-cell fusion and virus-cell fusion systems, our results suggested that this hexamer-of-trimers assembly was important during fusion pore formation. We propose that this assembly would stabilize the pre-fusion F conformation prior to cell attachment and facilitate the coordinated transition to a post-fusion conformation of all six F trimers upon triggering of a single trimer. Together, our data reveal a novel and functional pre-fusion architecture of a paramyxoviral fusion glycoprotein

Co-exposure to multiple vitamins and the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes

ObjectiveAlthough the effect of vitamins on the risk of mortality in diabetic patients has been reported, most studies focus on individual vitamins. However, humans are often exposed to multiple vitamins simultaneously in daily life. Therefore, it is worth exploring the effects of co-exposure to multiple vitamins on the risk of mortality in diabetic patients.MethodsThis study included diabetic patients aged ≥20WD years who participated in NHANES from 2003 to 2006. An unsupervised K-means clustering method was used to cluster eight vitamins in serum into several patterns of co-exposure to multiple vitamins, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the impact of different patterns of co-exposure to multiple vitamins on the risk of all-cause mortality in diabetic patients.ResultsThree patterns of co-exposure to multiple vitamins were generated based on K-means clustering, namely, low-level, moderate-level, and high-level. Among the 484 diabetic patients, with a median follow-up of 13.7 years, a total of 211 deaths occurred. After adjusting for covariates, the individual vitamins had varying effects on the risk of all-cause mortality in diabetic patients. Compared to the low-level group of co-exposure to multiple vitamins, the high-level group significantly reduced the risk of all-cause mortality in diabetic patients, with a HR of 0.42 (95% CI: 0.20, 0.87). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that high levels of co-exposure to multiple vitamins significantly reduced the risk of all-cause mortality in males, individuals aged ≥ 60 years, and non-Hispanic White people with diabetes compared to the low-level group, with HR of 0.42 (95% CI: 0.18, 0.98), 0.53 (95% CI: 0.26, 0.98), and 0.26 (95% CI: 0.12, 0.58) respectively.ConclusionWhile individual vitamins had different effects on the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes, high-level co-exposure to multiple vitamins significantly reduced the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with diabetes, with differences observed among genders, ages, and race. This suggests that when developing vitamin intervention strategies for patients with diabetes, consideration should be given not only to the dosage of individual vitamins but also to the variations between different population groups

A Review of the Research on the Development and Evolution of Chinese Language in the New Era

The development of language is influenced by various factors including internal ones and external ones due to its social nature. With the in-depth development of globalization, the development of languages in the new era shows many new features, among which the most obvious is that they are more open and interactive. At the same time, it has also attracted much attention of the academic circles, and the theories of language development are abundant. This paper first defines language variation, and mainly combs the relevant achievements of language development research in contemporary from three aspects: language contact, grammaticalization and memetics

Semi-Supervised Gaussian Processes Active Learning Model for Imbalanced Small Data Based on Tri-Training With Data Enhancement

To solve the problem that some imbalanced small sample datasets only contain a few labeled samples, a semi-supervised gaussian processes active learning model based on improved tri-training with enhanced data is proposed. Firstly, the label samples are balanced and enhanced, and we present a quantitative enhanced data evaluation criteria based on the JS distance and the similarity of information entropy between enhanced data and original data to select the best enhanced data. Secondly, an improved semi-supervised learning method based on tri-training is proposed to find the unlabeled samples which have high confidence, so the certainty of the labeled samples group can be increased, in order to ensure that the three classifiers of tri-training have both difference and robustness, random forest is introduced to divide the features of the dataset into three groups with equal contribution, and each classifier trains different combinations of two feature groups. Thirdly, in order to query and classify the most informative unlabeled samples more precisely, active learning based on the Gaussian process and JS distribution range is structured, because of the high uncertainty of the unlabeled samples predicted by active learning, the similarity distribution range of JS distance is introduced to compare the similarity of unlabeled samples and labeled samples in active learning‘s classifier, so the model can classify more diverse samples. The final experimental results show that compared with several traditional models, the proposed model performs better on artificial datasets and imbalanced small-size UCI datasets

Research on the Theoretical Innovation of Civic and Political Education in Colleges and Universities Based on Big Data Technology

In this paper, the EKPCA algorithm with a better clustering effect is obtained by improving the metric distance formula of the K-prototypes algorithm, which is combined with the XGBoost algorithm with integration ability to construct a method for analyzing students’ ideological and political behavior. After verifying the validity of the method, the method is used to analyze students’ comprehensive quality, academic performance mental health status, etc., to help the innovation of ideological education. Students’ comprehensive quality assessment analysis scores on average fall within the range of 67-68 points, which is below average. There is a 3.5-point difference between the grades of 2022 freshman students and those of 2021 freshman students, and the average number of failed courses is twice as low as before. The decisiveness and cowardice score of male students is 5.28 points higher than that of female students which is 1.31 points, and the score of male students in terms of extroversion and introversion is 2.85 points higher than that of female students, male students are more extroverted and bold than female students, and more attention should be paid to female students. We aim to actively strengthen the guiding position of Marxist theory in Civic and Political Education, while also promoting the integration and innovative development of big data in Civic and Political Education