What Influences Family Migration Decision of China’s New Generation Rural-urban Migrants? A Multilevel Logistic Regression Analysis

The massive scale of new-generation rural-urban migrants in China has attracted extensive scholarly attention in recent years. While previous studies on China’s rural migrant workers focus on migrants’ individual settlement intentions, migrant’s family migration decision-making and the intergenerational differences between the old-generation migrants and new-generation migrants are underexplored. Based on the data of 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this paper adopts a multilevel logistic regression approach to explore family and destination factors influencing family migration decision of China’s new generation rural migrant workers. The empirical results reveal that both the migrants’ family and destination attributes significantly influence their family migration decision. The demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of family have been pivotal factors underlying family migration decision of China’s new generation rural-urban migrants, while 16.9% of the chances is explained by between-destination differences. Self-employed migrants with housing properties in host cities, long migration duration and high-income level are more likely to migrate with their family members. Yet, the possibility of family migration is found to be significantly and negatively correlated with the age, education level, number of children and inter-provincial mobility of the new generation migrant workers. In addition, new generation rural-urban migrants’ family migration is more likely to be found in cities with service-oriented industry structure, better environmental quality, and higher hukou barriers which is possibly related to more job opportunities. These research findings not only complement the existing literature on China’s new generation rural-urban migrants, but also have important policy implications for reforming hukou system and enhancing social integration of rural-to-urban migrant population

Chemical constituents and hypoglycemic mechanisms of Dendrobium nobile in treatment of type 2 diabetic rats by UPLC-ESI-Q-Orbitrap, network pharmacology and in vivo experimental verification

Abstract: This study aimed to systematically explore the chemical constituents of D. nobile and its hypoglycemic effect by UPLC-ESI-Q-Orbitrap, network pharmacology and in vivo experiment. The chemical constituents of D. nobile were qualitatively analyzed, and the hypoglycemic compounds were quickly identified. Network pharmacological analysis and molecular docking technique were applied to assist in the elucidation of the hypoglycemic mechanisms of D. nobile. A type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) rat model was established using the HFD and STZ method for in vivo experimental verification, and these T2DM rats were treated with D. nobile extract and D. nobile polysaccharide for two months by gavage. The results showed that a total of 39 chemical constituents of D. nobile, including alkaloids, bibenzyls, phenanthrenes and other types of compounds, were identified. D. nobile extract and D. nobile polysaccharide could significantly ameliorate the body weight, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and morphological impairment of the liver and pancreas in the T2DM rats. α-Linolenic acid, dihydroconiferyl dihydro-p-coumarate, naringenin, trans-N-feruloyltyramine, gigantol, moscatilin, 4-O-methylpinosylvic acid, venlafaxine, nordendrobin and tristin were regarded as the key hypoglycemic compounds of D. nobile, along with the hypoglycemic effect on the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, the insulin signaling pathway, the FOXO signaling pathway, the improvement of insulin resistance and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway. The Western blotting experiment results confirmed that D. nobile activated the PI3K/AKT pathway and insulin signaling pathway, promoted glycogen synthesis via regulating the expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), and inhibited liver gluconeogenesis by regulating the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6 phosphatase (G6pase) in the liver. The results suggested that the hypoglycemic mechanism of D. nobile might be associated with liver glycogen synthesis and gluconeogenesis, contributing to improving insulin resistance and abnormal glucose metabolism in the T2DM rats

Association between daytime nap duration and risks of frailty: Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

IntroductionNight sleep duration and total sleep duration are associated with frailty. However, the association between daytime nap duration and the risks of frailty has not been explored thoroughly.MethodsThis study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Participants aged 60 years and older at baseline were included in this study. Individuals with daytime nap duration were categorized into four groups: no napping, short napping (< 30 min), moderate napping (30–89 min), and extended napping (≥90 min). Frailty was assessed using a modified Physical Frailty Phenotype (PFP) scale. Non-frail participants at baseline were followed up for 4 years. The association between nap duration and risks of frailty at baseline and incident frailty was evaluated by logistic regression and discrete-time Cox regression analyses, respectively.ResultsIn total, 5,126 participants were included in this study. For individuals with night sleep duration of ≥9 h, short nappers showed higher odds [odds ratio (OR) = 4.08, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30–12.78] for frailty compared with non-habitual nappers at baseline, while moderate nappers were less likely to be frail (OR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04–0.73). In the follow-up study, short nappers showed higher risks for frailty compared with participants of the no napping group with night sleep duration of < 6 h [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.07–3.43] or 6–9 h (HR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.18–3.30). Compared with short nappers, older adults with extended napping (HR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22–0.77) showed lower risks for frailty in those with night sleep duration of 6–9 h. For individuals with night sleep duration of ≥9 h, moderate napping (HR = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.05–0.77) decreased the risks for frailty compared with short napping.ConclusionAmong older adults with night sleep duration of < 9 h, short nappers posed higher risks for frailty compared with non-habitual nappers. Extended naps for those with a night sleep duration of 6–9 h or moderate naps for those with night sleep duration of ≥9 h could lower the risk of frailty compared with short naps. Future studies on the timing, purpose, frequency, and quality of daytime napping and objectively measured nap duration are needed to explore the association between daytime napping and risks of frailty

SNR-based adaptive acquisition method for fast Fourier ptychographic microscopy

Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) is a computational imaging technique with both high resolution and large field-of-view. However, the effective numerical aperture (NA) achievable with a typical LED panel is ambiguous and usually relies on the repeated tests of different illumination NAs. The imaging quality of each raw image usually depends on the visual assessments, which is subjective and inaccurate especially for those dark field images. Moreover, the acquisition process is really time-consuming.In this paper, we propose a SNR-based adaptive acquisition method for quantitative evaluation and adaptive collection of each raw image according to the signal-to-noise ration (SNR) value, to improve the FPM's acquisition efficiency and automatically obtain the maximum achievable NA, reducing the time of collection, storage and subsequent calculation. The widely used EPRY-FPM algorithm is applied without adding any algorithm complexity and computational burden. The performance has been demonstrated in both USAF targets and biological samples with different imaging sensors respectively, which have either Poisson or Gaussian noises model. Further combined with the sparse LEDs strategy, the number of collection images can be shorten to around 25 frames while the former needs 361 images, the reduction ratio can reach over 90%. This method will make FPM more practical and automatic, and can also be used in different configurations of FPM.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

SYK-targeted dendritic cell-mediated cytotoxic T lymphocytes enhance the effect of immunotherapy on retinoblastoma

Purpose: Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular tumor in children. Chemotherapy is currently the main method of RB treatment. Unfortunately, RB often becomes chemoresistant and turns lethal. Here, we used in vitro cell immunotherapy to explore whether adoptive immunotherapy could be used as a potential treatment for RB. We focused on spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), which is significantly upregulated in RB cells and serves as a marker for RB cells. Methods: Using lentiviruses, we genetically modified dendritic cells (DCs) to express and present the SYK peptide antigen to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in vitro. We used SYK-negative cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF-10A, and hTERT-RPE1) and SYK-positive cell lines (MCF-7 and RB-Y79) to evaluate the specificity and cytotoxicity of DC presented CTLs using FACS, live-cell imaging, and RNA interference. Results: The cytotoxicity of CTLs induced by SYK-overexpressing DCs (SYK-DC–CTLs) was enhanced more than three times in SYK-positive cell lines compared with SYK-negative cell lines. DCs primed with SYK could drive CTL cytotoxicity against SYK-positive cell lines but not against SYK-negative cell lines. Moreover, SYK-silenced RB-Y79 cells successfully evaded the cytotoxic attack from SYK-DC–CTLs. However, SYK-DC–CTLs could target SYK overexpressed hTERT-RPE1 cells, suggesting that SYK is a specific antigen for RB. Furthermore, SYK-DC–CTL exhibited specific cytotoxicity against carboplatin-resistant RB-Y79 cells in vitro. Conclusions: Our data showed that SYK could be a potential immunotherapy target mediated by DCs. We propose SYK as a candidate target for treatment of chemoresistant RB.Fil: Chen, Xuemei. Xi'an Jiaotong University; ChinaFil: Kunda, Patricia Elena. Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Biomédicas de Córdoba; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Lin, Jianwei. Shenzhen University; ChinaFil: Zhou, Meiling. Shenzhen Luohu Peoples Hospital; China. Shenzhen University; ChinaFil: Huang, Jinghan. Shenzhen Luohu Peoples Hospital; ChinaFil: Zhang, Huqin. Xi'an Jiaotong University; ChinaFil: Liu, Tao. Shenzhen University; China. Shenzhen Luohu Peoples Hospital; Chin

Genetic variants of DNA repair genes predict the survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer receiving platinum-based adjuvant chemotherapy

Additional file 2: Table S2. Stratified univariate analysis of DFS and OS between LG* and HG* in Chinese ESCC patients

Highly efficient polarization-independent grating coupler used in silica-based hybrid photodetector integration

A highly efficient polarization-independent output grating coupler was optimized and designed based on silicon-on-insulator used for silica-based hybrid photodetector integration in an arrayed waveguide grating demodulation-integrated microsystem. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method optimizes coupling efficiency by enabling the design of the grating period, duty cycle, etch depth, grating length, and polarization-dependent loss (PDL). The output coupling efficiencies of both the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes are higher than 60% at 1517 to 1605 nm and similar to 67% at around 1550 nm. The designed grating exhibits the desired property at the 3-dB bandwidth of 200 nm from 1450 to 1650 nm and a PDL \u3c0.5 dB of 110 nm from 1513 to 1623 nm. The power absorption efficiency at 1550 nm for TE and TM modes reaches 78% and 70%, respectively. Both the power absorption efficiency of TE mode and that of TM mode are over 70% in a broad band of 1491 to 1550 nm

Preliminary investigation of an SOI-based arrayed waveguide grating demodulation integration microsystem

An arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) demodulation integration microsystem is investigated in this study. The system consists of a C-band on-chip LED, a 2 × 2 silicon nanowire-based coupler, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) array, a 1 × 8 AWG, and a photoelectric detector array. The coupler and AWG are made from silicon-on-insulator wafers using electron beam exposure and response-coupled plasma technology. Experimental results show that the excess loss in the MMI coupler with a footprint of 6 × 100 μm(2) is 0.5423 dB. The 1 × 8 AWG with a footprint of 267 × 381 μm(2) and a waveguide width of 0.4 μm exhibits a central channel loss of −3.18 dB, insertion loss non-uniformity of −1.34 dB, and crosstalk level of −23.1 dB. The entire system is preliminarily tested. Wavelength measurement precision is observed to reach 0.001 nm. The wavelength sensitivity of each FBG is between 0.04 and 0.06 nm/dB