Null Gravitational Redshift by a Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m Black Hole in the Strong Field Limit

The gravitational shift of electromagnetic frequency in the strong field limit is usually investigated under the common scenario, where the light receiver is far away from the central body while the emitter is in the strong-field region of the lens. In this paper, the gravitational frequency shift of light caused by a Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m (RN) black hole is studied numerically in the traditional strong-field scenario, as well as in the scenario where both the light emission and reception events happen in the strong-field region of the black hole. In order to obtain the numerical results of the gravitational redshift, we first derive the exact null equations of motion in the RN geometry in harmonic coordinates. For a given light observer, a new numerical technique is proposed in the integration of the geodesic equations to determine the spatial position of the emitter, considering the fact that their spatial positions are not always known simultaneously. Our work might be helpful to the related observations for probing strong gravity.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figure

Willingness to work for multinational enterprises from emerging countries:The case of Chinese multinational enterprises in the Netherlands

How do perceptions of country-of-origin image (COI) relate to willingness of Western people to work for subsidiaries in advanced countries of multinational enterprises from emerging countries (EMNEs)? We seek to shed light on this question by exploring six hypotheses based on environment-processing metatheory. Applying a PLS-SEM analysis of online survey data from the Netherlands, we find that the COI and familiarity with the EMNE's home country are positively associated with willingness to work. Additionally, we reveal a few mediating effects indicating that familiarity and individual difference are indirectly related to willingness to work. This study contributes to our understanding of the inability of EMNEs to attract talent in the Western world by adding a macro perspective to the human resource management literature. Furthermore, we extend environment-processing metatheory by expanding the focus from the perceived internal context (corporate information) to the perceived external environment (country of origin), as well as to the antecedents (familiarity and individual differences) of the perceived environment

Characterization of Cajanus scarabaeoides growing in Yuanjiang county of Yunnan province in China

In Yuanjiang, Yunnan, China, C. scarabaeoides is found in abundance in open grasslands and dry scrub vegetation on hill slopes and ridges between cultivated fields. It is also located along roadsides, foot paths or convex rides where reasonable amount of sunlight is available. This creeper-climber, supported by grass and small shrubs have: either straight or winding branches which are woody at the base; pinnately trifoliate leaves with white-pubescent lower and upper surfaces; obovate end leaflet; short racemes; indeterminate and sporadic flowering habit; oblong, purple to dark purple pods; rectangular to rounded seeds; and yellow or creamish yellow flowers with dense sun-red veins. Its mean protein content is 21.88% in the seed and 13.23% in the dried leaves. It may be used as medicine for diarrhoea in cattle, and as a traditional Chinese medicine for improving indigestion and diuresis

Wild relatives of pigeonpea in China

Wild relatives play an important role in the genetic improvement of cultivated crops. Breeders turn their attention to the wild relatives of crops after unsuccessful search for some unique trait in the cultivated germplasm. According to van der Maesen (1986) the genus Cajanus has 32 species. Of these, the Indian subcontinent harbors 18 species. ICRISAT has the global responsibility of collection, maintenance, and evaluation of germplasm of the wild relatives of pigeonpea. At present a total of 213 accessions, representing 20 Cajanus species are conserved for use in the breeding programs

Quasi-spin Model for Macroscopic Quantum Tunnelling between Two Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensates

The macroscopic quantum tunneling between two coupled Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) (radio-frequency coupled two-component BECs or two BECs confined in a double-well potential) is mapped onto the tunneling of an uniaxial spin with an applied magnetic field. The tunneling exponent is calculated with an imaginary-time path-integral method. In the limit of low barrier, the dependence of tunneling exponent on the system parameters is obtained, and the crossover temperature from thermal regime to quantum regime is estimated. The detailed information about the tunnelling will give help to control population conversion between coupled BECs and realize quantum computation with coupled BECs.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures, accepted by Phys.Rev.

Fusarium pseudograminearum biomass and toxin accumulation in wheat tissues with and without Fusarium crown rot symptoms

Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is an important and devastating disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum) caused by the fungus Fusarium pseudograminearum and related pathogens. Using two distinct susceptible cultivars, we investigated the isolation frequencies of F. pseudograminearum and quantified its biomass accumulation and the levels of the associated toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and DON-3-glucoside (D3G) in inoculated field-grown wheat plants. We detected F. pseudograminearum in stem, peduncle, rachis, and husk tissues, but not in grains, whereas DON and D3G accumulated in stem, rachis, husk, and grain tissues. Disease severity was positively correlated with the frequency of pathogen isolation, F. pseudograminearum biomass, and mycotoxin levels. The amount of F. pseudograminearum biomass and mycotoxin contents in asymptomatic tissue of diseased plants were associated with the distance of the tissue from the diseased internode and the disease severity of the plant. Thus, apparently healthy tissue may harbor F. pseudograminearum and contain associated mycotoxins. This research helps clarify the relationship between F. pseudograminearum occurrence, F. pseudograminearum biomass, and mycotoxin accumulation in tissues of susceptible wheat cultivars with or without disease symptoms, providing information that can lead to more effective control measures

RAGE Mediates Accelerated Diabetic Vein Graft Atherosclerosis Induced by Combined Mechanical Stress and AGEs via Synergistic ERK Activation

Aims/Hypothesis: Diabetes with hypertension rapidly accelerates vascular disease, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We evaluated the hypothesis that the receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) might mediate combined signals initiated by diabetes-related AGEs and hypertension-induced mechanical stress as a common molecular sensor. Methods: In vivo surgical vein grafts created by grafting vena cava segments from C57BL/6J mice into the common carotid arteries of streptozotocin (STZ)-treated and untreated isogenic mice for 4 and 8 weeks were analyzed using morphometric and immunohistochemical techniques. In vitro quiescent mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with either knockdown or overexpression of RAGE were subjected to cyclic stretching with or without AGEs. Extracellular signalregulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and Ki-67 expression were investigated. Results: Significant increases in neointimal formation, AGE deposition, Ki-67 expression, and RAGE were observed in the vein grafts of STZ-induced diabetic mice. The highest levels of ERK phosphorylation and Ki-67 expression in VSMCs were induced by simultaneous stretch stress and AGE exposure. The synergistic activation of ERKs and Ki-67 in VSMCs was significantly inhibited by siRNA-RAGE treatment and enhanced by over-expression of RAGE. Conclusion: RAGE may mediate synergistically increased ERK activation and VSMC proliferation induced by mechanica

Dynamics of organizational viability : new perspectives and evidence from China

The goal of this thesis is to theoretically explore issues in organizational ecology by searching for cross-pollination with other (sub)disciplines, and to empirically probe into industries in the Chinese transition economy. It focuses on the impact of shifts in environments on the viability of two distinguished organizational forms: the dominant "generalist", occupying the market center and being legitimated by the mainstream institutional environment, and the subordinate "specialist", operating in the market's peripheries and being constrained by institutional hurdles. It develops propositions bases on two sets of arguments. First, environmental and institutional changes affect organizational vital rates by constraining or releasing organizational competitiveness or changing competitive behavior. Second, direct competition is an important driver of ecological processes, complementary to diffuse competition as central in organizational ecology, accounting for much variance in organizational viability. Theoretical and empirical findings demonstrate that the dynamics of organizational viability relates with a series of features of organizations and their environments, i.e., resource space, scale advantage, institutional hardship, market concentration, and organizational characteristics.