Effect of Information Technology on Fundraising for NPOs: A Case Study on Chinese Foundations

Donations are a significant source of funding for nonprofit organizations (NPOs). Enhancing the organizational fundraising capacity is essential to organizational survival and development. This paper analyzed the effect of IT on the fundraising capacity of Chinese NPOs. An empirical analysis was conducted on 390 Chinese foundation organizations. Results show that the Internet has positive influence on the fundraising capacity of NPOs

Over-expression of NAD kinase in Corynebacterium crenatum and its Impact on L-Arginine Biosynthesis

Purpose: To improve the biosynthesis of L-arginine by overexpressing homologous NAD kinase (ppnk) in Corynebacterium crenatum SYPA5-5 and to study its impact in presence of high (HOS) and low oxygen supply (LOS).Methods: A recombinant plasmid (pJC1-tac-ppnK) harboring homologous NAD kinase (ppnk) was constructed in a shuttle vector pJC1 and transferred in L-arginine producing strain Corynebacterium crenatum SYPA5-5. Furthermore, fermentation was performed by shake flask method with consecutive determination of cell growth and glucose concentration. NAD+ kinase activity was studied by stop method and NADP(H) concentrations were determined by spectrophotometric enzymatic cycling method. To check the biosynthesis of amino acids, HPLC method was used to determine extracellular amino acid concentrations.Results: In HOS condition, NAD+ kinase activity increased by 116 %, while intracellular concentrations of NADP+ and NADPH increased by 7.3 and 36.8 %, respectively. Whereas, in LOS condition , NAD+ kinase activity increased 49 % , with intracellular 14.67 and 15 % increases in NADP+ and NADPHrespectively. More importantly, recombinant strain could produce 26.47 and 11.36 g/L L-arginine in HOS and LOS respectively, which is higher than control strain value of 24.29 and 7.58 g/L respectively.Conclusion: These results suggest that altering the concentration of co-enzymes by NAD kinase in Corynebacterium crenatum is an effective way to increase NADP+ with concurrent production of NADPH for further enhanced L-arginine biosynthesis in Corynebacterium crenatum in both conditions of high and low oxygen supply.Keywords: NAD kinase, PpnK, L-arginine, Corynebacterium crenatu

Nanoscale Footprints of Self-Running Gallium Droplets on GaAs Surface

In this work, the nanoscale footprints of self-driven liquid gallium droplet movement on a GaAs (001) surface will be presented and analyzed. The nanoscale footprints of a primary droplet trail and ordered secondary droplets along primary droplet trails are observed on the GaAs surface. A well ordered nanoterrace from the trail is left behind by a running droplet. In addition, collision events between two running droplets are investigated. The exposed fresh surface after a collision demonstrates a superior evaporation property. Based on the observation of droplet evolution at different stages as well as nanoscale footprints, a schematic diagram of droplet evolution is outlined in an attempt to understand the phenomenon of stick-slip droplet motion on the GaAs surface. The present study adds another piece of work to obtain the physical picture of a stick-slip self-driven mechanism in nanoscale, bridging nano and micro systems

Structure of the complex of Maclura pomifera agglutinin and the T-antigen disaccharide, Galbeta1,3GalNAc.

Maclura pomifera agglutinin is a tetrameric plant seed lectin with high affinity for the tumor-associated T-antigen disaccharide, Galbeta1,3GalNAcalpha, and hence for many O-linked glycopeptide structures. Unlike members of most lectin families, it lacks both metal ions and Cys residues. The structure of its complex with Galbeta1,3GalNAc was determined to 2.2 by first using multiwavelength anomalous diffraction with a lead derivative of the native protein, and then using molecular replacement with the unrefined structure as a model to solve the structure of the complex. The subunits share the beta-prism architecture and three-fold pseudo-symmetry of the related lectin jacalin, with the 21-residue beta-chains in the center of the tetramer. Interactions with the GalNAc predominate in the binding of the disaccharide. It forms a network of H-bonds with only one side chain, from an Asp residue, the amino group of the N-terminal Gly of the alpha-chain, and peptide backbone atoms of two aromatic residues. The Gal moiety does not H-bond directly with residues in the same monomer, i.e. there is no true subsite for it, but there are interactions through two water molecules. In the crystal, it interacts with residues in the binding site of an adjacent tetramer. The minimum energy conformation expected for the disaccharide is retained, despite its mediating the tetramer-tetramer interactions in the crystal packing. The resulting lattice is comparable to those seen for complexes of other lectins with branched glycopeptides

Controlled-aperture wave-equation migration

We present a controlled-aperture wave-equation migration method that no1 only can reduce migration artiracts due to limited recording aperlurcs and determine image weights to balance the efl'ects of limited-aperture illumination, but also can improve thc migration accuracy by reducing the slowness perturbations within thc controlled migration regions. The method consists of two steps: migration aperture scan and controlled-aperture migration. Migration apertures for a sparse distribution of shots arc determined using wave-equation migration, and those for the other shots are obtained by interpolation. During the final controlled-aperture niigration step, we can select a reference slowness in c;ontrollecl regions of the slowness model to reduce slowncss perturbations, and consequently increase the accuracy of wave-equation migration inel hods that makc use of reference slownesses. In addition, the computation in the space domain during wavefield downward continuation is needed to be conducted only within the controlled apertures and therefore, the computational cost of controlled-aperture migration step (without including migration aperture scan) is less than the corresponding uncontrolled-aperture migration. Finally, we can use the efficient split-step Fourier approach for migration-aperture scan, then use other, more accurate though more expensive, wave-equation migration methods to perform thc final controlled-apertio.ee migration to produce the most accurate image

Performance Research on Heat Pump Using Blends of R744 with Eco-friendly Working Fluid

In order to protect the environment and save energy, new refrigerants with zero ozone depleting potential, low global warming potential have been investigated by more and more researches to substitute HCFCs/ HFCs for eco-friendly workin

Charge Fluctuations in \pi^{+}\rp and \rK^{+}\rp Collisions at 250 GeV/cc

We report on measurements of event-by-event charge fluctuations in \pi^{+}\rp and \rK^{+}\rp collisions at 250 GeV/$c$. The dependence of these fluctuations on the size of the rapidity windows are presented for the first time in the full phase space domain. The corrections for the influence of global charge conservation and leading-particle stopping are tested by the data. The discrepancy due to incomplete correction given by STAR and PHENIX are estimated. The dependence of the fluctuations on the position of the rapidity bin and on the multiplicity at different rapidity windows are also presented.Comment: 4pages, 3figure

Rapidity, azimuthal, and multiplicity dependence of mean transverse momentum and transverse momentum correlations in π+p\pi^{+}p and K+pK^{+}p collisions in s\sqrt{s}=22 GeV

Rapidity, azimuthal and multiplicity dependence of mean transverse momentum and transverse momentum correlations of charged particles is studied in pi/sup positive and K/sup positive collisions at 250 GeV/c incident beam momentum. For the first time, it is found that the rapidity dependence of the two-particle transverse momentum correlation is different from that of the mean transverse momentum, but both have similar multiplicity dependence. In particular, the transverse momentum correlations are boost invariant. This is similar to the recently found boost invariance of the charge balance function. A strong azimuthal dependence of the transverse momentum correlations originates from the constraint of energy-momentum conservation. The results are compared with those from the PYTHIA Monte Carlo generator. The similarities to and differences with the results from current heavy ion experiments are discussed

Multilayers of InGaAs Nanostructures Grown on GaAs(210) Substrates

Multilayers of InGaAs nanostructures are grown on GaAs(210) by molecular beam epitaxy. With reducing the thickness of GaAs interlayer spacer, a transition from InGaAs quantum dashes to arrow-like nanostructures is observed by atomic force microscopy. Photoluminescence measurements reveal all the samples of different spacers with good optical properties. By adjusting the InGaAs coverage, both one-dimensional and two-dimensional lateral ordering of InGaAs/GaAs(210) nanostructures are achieved