347 research outputs found
Soft OR in China: A critical report
As China's reform steps into the 'deep water zone' where value complexity becomes paramount, general-purpose decision-making aids such as Operational Research (OR) are increasingly confronted with the challenge of dealing with interest conflicts. However, due to historical events and institutional circumstances, OR in China to date is largely constrained by a technocratic approach which is not fit for purpose. Encouragingly, recent OR innovations inside China signify a conscious move to embrace value plurality and tackle social conflicts. OR is not merely a neutral tool for solving technical problems, but a world-building discourse that shapes society. The future of OR, particularly Soft OR, in China will be determined by whether OR workers are willing and capable to act as institutional entrepreneurs promoting scientific and democratic decision-making that deepens the reform toward an open, just and prosperous society. The implications go beyond the OR community and China's borders. © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Nonaka meets Giddens: A critique
Abstract Nonaka's recent incorporation of Giddens into the knowledge movement is superficial and problematic. The incorporation accepts uncritically Giddens's controversial conceptions of structure and agency, avoids his concerns of power and domination, exaggerates his elaboration on contradictions, and shares with him the search for an omelette-like theoretical totalising. Using Giddens as an illustrative vehicle, this paper analyses the pattern of Nonaka's recent borrowing of others' work and the consequent tensions built up in his simplistic model of the knowledge creating company
Multiplicity of positive solutions for a fourth-order quasilinear singular differential equation
This paper is concerned with the multiplicity of positive solutions of boundary value problem for the fourth-order quasilinear singular differential equation
where , . We apply the fixed point index theory and the upper and lower solutions method to investigate the multiplicity of positive solutions. We have found a threshold , such that if , then the problem admits at least one positive solution; while if , then the problem has no positive solution. In particular, there exist at least two positive solutions for
Evaluating Similitude and Robustness of Deep Image Denoising Models via Adversarial Attack
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have a wide range of applications in the field of
image denoising, and they are superior to traditional image denoising. However,
DNNs inevitably show vulnerability, which is the weak robustness in the face of
adversarial attacks. In this paper, we find some similitudes between existing
deep image denoising methods, as they are consistently fooled by adversarial
attacks. First, denoising-PGD is proposed which is a denoising model full
adversarial method. The current mainstream non-blind denoising models (DnCNN,
FFDNet, ECNDNet, BRDNet), blind denoising models (DnCNN-B, Noise2Noise,
RDDCNN-B, FAN), and plug-and-play (DPIR, CurvPnP) and unfolding denoising
models (DeamNet) applied to grayscale and color images can be attacked by the
same set of methods. Second, since the transferability of denoising-PGD is
prominent in the image denoising task, we design experiments to explore the
characteristic of the latent under the transferability. We correlate
transferability with similitude and conclude that the deep image denoising
models have high similitude. Third, we investigate the characteristic of the
adversarial space and use adversarial training to complement the vulnerability
of deep image denoising to adversarial attacks on image denoising. Finally, we
constrain this adversarial attack method and propose the L2-denoising-PGD image
denoising adversarial attack method that maintains the Gaussian distribution.
Moreover, the model-driven image denoising BM3D shows some resistance in the
face of adversarial attacks.Comment: 12 pages, 15 figure
Finite element analysis of mechanical behavior of concrete-filled square steel tube short columns with inner I-shaped CFRP profiles subjected to bi-axial eccentric load
[EN] The concrete-filed square steel tube with inner I-shaped CFRP profiles short columns under bi-axial eccentric load were investigated by the finite element analysis software ABAQUS. The working mechanism of the composite columns which is under bi-axial eccentric load are investigated by using the stress distribution diagram of steel tube concrete and the I-shaped CFRP profiles. In this paper, the main parameters; eccentric ratio, steel ratio, steel yield strength, concrete compressive strength and CFRP distribution rate of the specimens were investigated to know the mechanical behavior of them. The interaction between the steel tube and the concrete interface at different characteristic points of the composite columns were analyzed. The results showed that the ultimate bearing capacity of the concrete-filed square steel tube with inner I-shaped CFRP profiles short columns under bi-axial eccentric load decrease with the increase of eccentric ratio, the ultimate bearing capacity of the composite columns increase with the increase of steel ratio, steel yield strength, concrete compressive strength and CFRP distribution rate. The contact pressure between the steel tube and the concrete decreased from the corner zone to the flat zone, and the contact pressure decreased from the mid-height cross section to other sections.Li, G.; Zhan, Z.; Yang, Z.; Yang, Y. (2018). Finite element analysis of mechanical behavior of concrete-filled square steel tube short columns with inner I-shaped CFRP profiles subjected to bi-axial eccentric load. En Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures. ASCCS 2018. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 259-266. https://doi.org/10.4995/ASCCS2018.2018.6996OCS25926
A Review of Adversarial Attacks in Computer Vision
Deep neural networks have been widely used in various downstream tasks,
especially those safety-critical scenario such as autonomous driving, but deep
networks are often threatened by adversarial samples. Such adversarial attacks
can be invisible to human eyes, but can lead to DNN misclassification, and
often exhibits transferability between deep learning and machine learning
models and real-world achievability. Adversarial attacks can be divided into
white-box attacks, for which the attacker knows the parameters and gradient of
the model, and black-box attacks, for the latter, the attacker can only obtain
the input and output of the model. In terms of the attacker's purpose, it can
be divided into targeted attacks and non-targeted attacks, which means that the
attacker wants the model to misclassify the original sample into the specified
class, which is more practical, while the non-targeted attack just needs to
make the model misclassify the sample. The black box setting is a scenario we
will encounter in practice
Adversarial Training for Physics-Informed Neural Networks
Physics-informed neural networks have shown great promise in solving partial
differential equations. However, due to insufficient robustness, vanilla PINNs
often face challenges when solving complex PDEs, especially those involving
multi-scale behaviors or solutions with sharp or oscillatory characteristics.
To address these issues, based on the projected gradient descent adversarial
attack, we proposed an adversarial training strategy for PINNs termed by
AT-PINNs. AT-PINNs enhance the robustness of PINNs by fine-tuning the model
with adversarial samples, which can accurately identify model failure locations
and drive the model to focus on those regions during training. AT-PINNs can
also perform inference with temporal causality by selecting the initial
collocation points around temporal initial values. We implement AT-PINNs to the
elliptic equation with multi-scale coefficients, Poisson equation with
multi-peak solutions, Burgers equation with sharp solutions and the Allen-Cahn
equation. The results demonstrate that AT-PINNs can effectively locate and
reduce failure regions. Moreover, AT-PINNs are suitable for solving complex
PDEs, since locating failure regions through adversarial attacks is independent
of the size of failure regions or the complexity of the distribution
Image Denoising via Nonlinear Hybrid Diffusion
A nonlinear anisotropic hybrid diffusion equation is discussed for image denoising, which is a combination of mean curvature smoothing and Gaussian heat diffusion. First, we propose a new edge detection indicator, that is, the diffusivity function. Based on this diffusivity function, the new diffusion is nonlinear anisotropic and forward-backward. Unlike the Perona-Malik (PM) diffusion, the new forward-backward diffusion is adjustable and under control. Then, the existence, uniqueness, and long-time behavior of the new regularization equation of the model are established. Finally, using the explicit difference scheme (PM scheme) and implicit difference scheme (AOS scheme), we do numerical experiments for different images, respectively. Experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the new model with respect to other known models
Cooperative work behavior of high strength concrete-filled square high strength tubular stub columns with inner I-shaped CFRP under axial compression
[EN] The finite element software ABAQUS was used to analyze 22 high strength concrete-filled square high strength tubular short columns with inner I-shaped CFRP, all analysis results based on the finite element analysis data, six characteristic points were defined in the load-longitudinal strain curve of composite columns. The shared load of core concrete, square steel tube and inner I-shaped CFRP at different height sections of typical specimen corresponding to each characteristic point were analyzed and the cooperative work behavior of inner I-shaped CFRP, square steel tube and core concrete was analyzed. The results show that the existence of the inner I-shaped CFRP can effectively improve the ultimate bearing capacity composite columns, the middle region I-shaped CFRP sharing more longitudinal load than the end region CFRP and the shared load of concrete at the end region section is bigger than that of middle region section, before the CFRP brittle failure. The longitudinal load of square steel tube does not change with the change of the cross-section height.Li, G.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Z.; Zhan, Z. (2018). Cooperative work behavior of high strength concrete-filled square high strength tubular stub columns with inner I-shaped CFRP under axial compression. En Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Advances in Steel-Concrete Composite Structures. ASCCS 2018. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 281-288. https://doi.org/10.4995/ASCCS2018.2018.6999OCS28128
- …