Environmental Flows for the Huron River System

This project aimed to provide the client, the Huron River Watershed Council (HRWC), with a framework for assessing flow alteration and its impact on the biological community of the Huron River. Within the watershed, analyses on annual, monthly, daily and sub-daily hydrological data, precipitation, land cover change, and fish and benthic invertebrate communities were conducted. Most hydrologic parameters concerning flow volume demonstrated an upward or non-changing pattern for the most recent 100 years. The base flow gradually increased, while the reversal number gradually decreased, suggesting a more stable flow regime. In terms of daily and sub-daily flow regime, the largest flashiness was demonstrated by the gauge near Ann Arbor, which could be the result of dam regulation in the upstream region. A strong correlation was found between precipitation and flow discharge. Both precipitation and flow discharge showed a similar increasing trend, while the runoff coefficient did not change significantly over time. This result implies that the increase in precipitation is a major driver of flow increase. With the current climate change trend, more water is expected in the river. Furthermore, increased impervious land in the watershed has resulted in more runoff from rainfall events and led to higher flashiness in the river. The corresponding increase of fine substrate and pollutants has also had a negative impact on stream habitats for benthic macroinvertebrates. At sample sites along the river, fish preferences (e.g. water temperature, stream size, substrate type, etc.) defined two guilds: riverine and impoundment. In impoundment environments, a high percentage of the sample taxa were: game fish, tolerant species, substrate generalists, piscivores and had preferences for larger rivers and slow current velocity. Conversely, in riverine environments, a high percentage of the sample taxa were: darters, intolerant species, insectivores, and had preferences for rock or gravel substrate and wider range of current velocities. Along the Huron River main stem, a habitat suitability model was used to predict expected fish communities at a given site and then compared to sampled fish communities. Fish communities around Ann Arbor and Ypsilanti were found to not be representative of model communities for the river type, temperature, and size. Present fish communities preferred a flow range with a significantly higher upper bound. An Adverse Resource Impact occurs in Ann Arbor at a low flow of around 45 cfs and in Ypsilanti at around 51 cfs. This serves as the critical low flow value for management purposes. Ann Arbor has the highest amount of historic ARI occurrences throughout the Huron River indicating that it is necessary to prioritize dam operations associated with this site.Master of ScienceNatural Resources and EnvironmentUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106564/1/Environ_Flows_Huron_River_2014.pd

Operating characteristics analysis and capacity configuration optimization of wind-solar-hydrogen hybrid multi-energy complementary system

Wind and solar energy are the important renewable energy sources, while their inherent natures of random and intermittent also exert negative effect on the electrical grid connection. As one of multiple energy complementary route by adopting the electrolysis technology, the wind-solar-hydrogen hybrid system contributes to improving green power utilization and reducing its fluctuation. Therefore, the moving average method and the hybrid energy storage module are proposed, which can smooth the wind-solar power generation and enhance the system energy management. Moreover, the optimization of system capacity configuration and the sensitive analysis are implemented by the MATLAB program platform. The results indicate that the 10-min grid-connected volatility is reduced by 38.7% based on the smoothing strategy, and the internal investment return rate can reach 13.67% when the electricity price is 0.04 $/kWh. In addition, the annual coordinated power and cycle proportion of the hybrid energy storage module are 80.5% and 90%, respectively. The developed hybrid energy storage module can well meet the annual coordination requirements, and has lower levelized cost of electricity. This method provides reasonable reference for designing and optimizing the wind-solar-hydrogen complementary system

K48-linked KLF4 ubiquitination by E3 ligase Mule controls T-cell proliferation and cell cycle progression.

peer reviewedT-cell proliferation is regulated by ubiquitination but the underlying molecular mechanism remains obscure. Here we report that Lys-48-linked ubiquitination of the transcription factor KLF4 mediated by the E3 ligase Mule promotes T-cell entry into S phase. Mule is elevated in T cells upon TCR engagement, and Mule deficiency in T cells blocks proliferation because KLF4 accumulates and drives upregulation of its transcriptional targets E2F2 and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21 and p27. T-cell-specific Mule knockout (TMKO) mice develop exacerbated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), show impaired generation of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells with reduced cytokine production, and fail to clear LCMV infections. Thus, Mule-mediated ubiquitination of the novel substrate KLF4 regulates T-cell proliferation, autoimmunity and antiviral immune responses in vivo

Influence of Electrode Structure on Performance of Laser Direct Writing Cu-PI Flexible Humidity Sensor

Electrode structure is an essential factor affecting the performance of flexible humidity sensors. In this study, Cu and Cu2 + 1O electrodes were printed by the one-step method using laser direct writing technology to reduce the nano–CuO ink on flexible substrate PI and to be used for a humidity sensor. The resistance of the humidity sensors with nine various electrode structures was measured under the relative humidity (RH) of 16–78%. It was observed that all sensors showed good humidity sensing characteristics, and the sensitivity of the copper-based humidity sensor was not affected by the electrode structure under low humidity conditions but was significant under high humidity conditions. The sensor with the length of 1960 μm and the width of 120 μm shows the lowest sensitivity of 180.2 KΩ/%RH under 35% RH, and the sensor with the length of 2430 μm and the width of 180 μm shows the highest sensitivity of 1744 kΩ/%RH under 65% RH. It is expected that the results can provide an assessment of the performance improvement of the flexible humidity sensor and a reference for the research and development of intelligent wearable devices

composite subscription and matching algorithm for rfid applications

IEEE Computer SocietyRFID technology facilitates monitoring and managing products. In most RFID applications, users pay much attention to temporal and logical event patterns, which is further strengthened by highly temporal RFID data. If RFID events or other kinds of events

Enhancing Lcd Optical Efficiency With A Linearly Polarized Backlight And Polarization-Preserving Light Guide Plate

We propose a new polarization-preserving edge-lit light guide plate (LGP) based on total internal reflection. Our simulation results show that such a LGP exhibits several attractive features: 1.54X higher polarization efficiency, 2.4X higher on-axis luminance, and no need for a brightness enhancement film. When integrated with a linearly polarized LED array, the LCD optical efficiency can be enhanced dramatically and its power consumption can meet the challenging goal set by Energy Star 6. © 2014 Society for Information Display

Polarization-Preserving Light Guide Plate For A Linearly Polarized Backlight

We analyze the polarization-preserving property of two conventional edge-lit light guide plates (LGPs) based on scattering dots and refractive microgrooves and find that these two structures almost completely depolarize the incident linearly polarized light. We then propose a new edge-lit LGP based on total internal reflection (TIR). Simulation results show that such a TIR-based LGP can largely preserve the polarization state of the incident linearly polarized light. The polarization efficiency is 77.2%. By incorporating a linearly polarized LED to our proposed LGP, the overall optical gain is 1.54 compared with the backlight system with an unpolarized LED. At on-axis, the luminance is 2.4 × higher. Because the output light is concentrated near the surface normal direction, no additional brightness enhancement film is needed. This polarization-preserving LGP enables a polarized or partially polarized LED backlight to be used, which in turn greatly enhances the optical efficiency of a LCD. © 2005-2012 IEEE

subscribing and matching rfid-related events

IEEE Comp Soc TCEC, Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong Univ Sci & TechnolPublish/subscribe service can deliver customized events and increase product visibility for users in RFID applications such as logistics supporting systems. This paper herein presents a composite subscription specification for RFID-related ap