Comparison between joint operation schemes for Lines AB/C of Central Asia‒China Gas Pipeline in Uzbekistan

In the actual construction of Central Asia-China Gas Pipeline, 8 cross-over lines were set up for Line C in Kazakhstan, achieving the interconnection between Lines AB and C. Meanwhile, 8 reserved points were provided along Line C in Uzbekistan. With the experience of the joint operation in Kazakhstan section, the comprehensive capacity of the whole system can be further improved if cross-over lines are added at appropriate positions in the Uzbekistan section. For this purpose, a simulation model was established for the joint operation of the Lines AB/C of Central Asia–China Gas Pipeline, the optimal distribution principle of Lines AB and C under different total throughput was determined, and the effect of operation with cross-over lines added at the 8 reserved points in Uzbekistan section was estimated respectively. Additionally, comparison was made for the throughput increasing schemes of the system with cross-over lines by assuming that the emergency shutdown occurred at the gas resources of Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, and finally, it was determined to add cross-over lines at 4 reserved points in Uzbekistan. Hence, the research results could provide reference for the practical engineering reformation and the subsequent production

Intercalated Zirconium Phosphate Promotes Reductive Amination of Carbon Dioxide

The catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide into fine chemicals and intermediates is one of the most promising approaches to carbon recycling. In this work, we demonstrated that after the layered α-zirconium phosphate(α-ZrP) was exfoliated by using tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, a cationic Ru(II) complex ([RuH(CO)(dppp)(en)]Cl, dppp = 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane; en = ethylene-diamine) can be intercalated into ZrP layers. Notably, as the Ru(II) complex-intercalated ZrP was further modified by the ionic liquid (BMIMOAc, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate), the resulting catalyst exhibited superior catalytic activity for the N-formylation of amines with CO2/H2 to produce formamide. The detailed characterization revealed that the ionic liquid was also encapsulated into the ZrP interlayer and played an additional role in exfoliating ZrP. In particular, further studies indicated that amine molecules can intercalate favorably into the interlayer under the reaction conditions and thus were easily accessible to the Ru(II) active sites, being beneficial for the N-formylation reaction. The reaction includes the following key steps: CO2 was synergistically activated by BMIMOAc and exfoliated ZrP layers; hydrogen was split by the Ru(II) active center to form Ru–Hδ−; morpholine was intercalated into ZrP layers and then participated in the reaction. This implied that the reaction actually occurred within the ZrP interlayers, enhancing the reaction rate due to the enrichment of reactants. The formate species was detected as intermediates in this reaction, followed by dehydrating to afford formamide. This catalytic system exhibits the huge advantage of being easy accessibility, high efficiency, and recyclability

Innovative Development Path of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the New Period

Owing to the development issues of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the new domestic and international situation, the content, challenges, and paths of innovation and development of the Greater Bay Area are explored from multiple dimensions, including economic, social, cultural, and institutional. The innovation and development of the Greater Bay Area should strengthen technological and industrial innovation capabilities, improve regional resilience to cope with external shocks, increase the mobility of intraregional factors, improve the well-being of the people's livelihood, enhance the capacity of spatial governance, promote integrated urban-rural development, and optimize the regional pattern of ecological security. The conclusion is that considering the innovation and development of the Greater Bay Area from a systemic and interconnected perspective is crucial for seeking innovations in various development fields and promoting coupling and coordination among them. Therefore, the region may acquire the agency that can continuously break through bottlenecks, resolve external shocks, and unlock new paths of development. We call for the strengthening of cross-field and cross-disciplinary collaborative research to contribute the power of geography to the realization of the development goals of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area