Late Permian and Early Triassic Conchostracans from the Babii Kamen Section (Kuznetsk Coal Basin)

The Late Permian and Early Triassic conchostracans from the Babii Kamen section (Western Siberia) were studied. The conchostracans were collected from the section during the field work in 2015–2018. It was found that the conchostracans from the Babii Kamen section are characterized by a rather high taxonomical diversity: we identified five Late Permian conchostracan species (Pseudestheria novacastrensis (Mitchell, 1927), Cornia papillaria (Lutkevich, 1937), Megasitum harmonicum Novojilov, 1970, Megasitum lopokolense Novojilov, 1970, and Echinolimnadia mattoxi Novojilov, 1965) and two Early Triassic species (Concherisma tomensis Novojilov, 1958, Cyclotunguzites gutta (Lutkevich, 1938). The discovered conchostracan species occur frequently in the Permian and Triassic sections of other regions and are useful for regional biostratigraphy and interregional correlation

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ТА ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ОСНОВНИХ КЛАСІВ ПРЕПАРАТІВ В ЛІКУВАННІ ІШЕМІЧНОЇ ХВОРОБИ СЕРЦЯ В ОСІБ СТАРШИХ ВІКОВИХ ГРУП

The high mortality and poor quality of life of patients led to the need to actively search for combinations of drugs that would reduce the likelihood of complications and improve the prognosis of cardiovascular disease. Тhe aim – was features of use and effectiveness of the main classes of drugs for the treatment of coronary heart disease in people of older age groups. Material and Methods. We analyzed 220 case histories of patients aged 60–90 years, with coronary heart disease who were on inpatient and outpatient treatment in the Cardiology Department of D. Chebotariov Istitute of Gerontology in the period from 1997–2003 and 2015–2017. The frequency of application of certain classes of drugs at these stages of observation, the frequency of prescribing various treatment regimens and their effect on the life expectancy of elderly people with coronary heart disease was determined. At the second stage of the work, an analysis of case histories of 488 patients observed from 1997–2017 was also carried out, depending on the presence of MI in history. According to the initial observation point, the date of the first hospitalization in the cardiology department was selected. All examined patients were hospitalized for the first time in the hospital and were subsequently followed up with the main diagnosis of coronary artery disease: stable angina pectoris l-III FC, CH 0-II B. The final observation points were the last hospitalization at the time of 2017 or the patient's death. The patient’s death was chosen as the endpoint, based on which the life expectancy indicator (which was determined by the year/age of death) or age at the time of 2017 was studied. Results and Discussion. It was shown that in 1997–2003, the most commonly prescribed groups were: β-blockers (57.2 %), ACE inhibitors (75.2 %), ASA (73.7 %), statins 60.1 % and preparations of the nitroglycerin series (31.0 %). 10.67 %, BKK-26.2 % were intended for Sartan. In 2015–2017, drugs from the group of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, according to the analysis, began to be prescribed in 81.1 % of cases. Nitroglycerin remedies were used much less – 17.9 %. The prevalence of prescribing antihypertensive drugs has increased: β-blockers (80.3 %), calcium channel blockers (58.9 %), angiotensin II receptor inhibitors (35.0 %). Acetylsalicylic acid was intended in 83.7 % of cases. An analysis of the therapy of patients who underwent MI indicates an inadequate prescription of drugs of the main classes of ASA received 76.2 %, statins 66.4 %, beta blockers 73.7 %, ACE inhibitors 69.0 %. As a result of the application of logistic regression, we built equations according to which the probability of developing a heart attack can be predicted depending on which drugs are used to treat the patient, and according to our model, the therapy of patients can be modified and the likelihood of developing MI can be reduced. Conclusions. The results obtained indicate that the most effective treatment combinations for people with coronary heart disease affecting life expectancy were in patients taking ASA, statins and beta blockers – (81.4±3.16) years, ASA, statins and ACE inhibitors – 80, (1±1.71) years old.Значительная смертность и низкое качество жизни больных обусловили необходимость активного поиска комбинаций препаратов, способствующих уменьшению вероятности развития осложнений и улучшению прогноза течения кардиоваскулярных заболеваний. Цель – особенности использования и эффективность основных классов препаратов для лечения ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС) у лиц старших возрастных групп. Материал и методы. Были проанализированы 220 историй болезней пациентов в возрасте 60–90 лет с ИБС, находившихся на стационарном и амбулаторном лечении в отделении кардиологии ГУ «Институт геронтологии им. Д. Ф. Чеботарева НАМНУ» в период 1997–2003 и 2015–2017 гг. Определяли частоту применения отдельных классов препаратов на этих этапах наблюдения, частоту назначения различных схем лечения и их влияние на продолжительность жизни лиц пожилого возраста, больных ИБС. На втором этапе работы был также проведен анализ историй болезней 488 пациентов, наблюдавшихся в 1997–2017 гг. в зависимости от наличия инфаркта миокарда (ИМ) в анамнезе. Начальной точкой наблюдения было выбрано дату первой госпитализации в кардиологическое отделение. Все обследованные были впервые госпитализированы в стационар и в дальнейшем наблюдались с основным диагнозом ИБС: стабильная стенокардия напряжения І–III ФК, СН 0–II Б. Конечными точками наблюдения считали последнюю госпитализацию на момент 2017 г. или наступление смерти пациента. В качестве конечной точки была выбрана смерть пациента, на основе которой изучался показатель продолжительности жизни (который определялся годом/возрастом смерти) или возраст на момент 2017 года. Результаты. Было показано, что в 1997–2003 гг. чаще всего назначаемыми группами были: β-блокаторы (57,2 %), иАПФ (75,2 %), АСК (73,7 %), статины 60,1 % и препараты нитроглицеринового ряда (31,0 %). Сартаны назначались 10,67 %, БКК – 26,2 %. В 2015–2017 гг. препараты из группы ингибиторов ГМГ-КоА-редуктазы, по данным анализа, начали назначаться в 81,1 % случаев. Значительно меньше применялись препараты нитроглицеринового ряда – 17,9 %. Выросла распространенность назначения антигипертензивных препаратов: β-блокаторов (80,3 %), блокаторов кальциевых каналов (58,9 %), ингибиторов рецепторов ангиотензина II (35,0 %). Ацетилсалициловая кислота назначалась в 83,7 % случаев. Анализ терапии больных, перенесших инфаркт миокарда (ИМ), свидетельствует о недостаточном назначении препаратов основных классов: АСК получали 76,2 %, статины 66,4 %, бета-блокаторы 73,7, %, ИАПФ 69,0 %. В результате применения логистической регрессии нами было построено уравнение, согласно которому может быть спрогнозирована вероятность развития инфаркта в зависимости от того, какими препаратами лечат больного, кроме того, по данным нашей модели можно модифицировать терапию больных, уменьшать вероятность развития ИМ. Выводы. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют, что наиболее эффективные комбинации лечения лиц с ИБС, влияющие на продолжительность жизни, были у больных, принимавших АСК, статины и бета-блокаторы – (81,4±3,16) года, АСК, статины и ИАПФ – (80,1±1,71) года.Значна смертність та низька якість життя хворих зумовили необхідність активного пошуку комбінацій  препаратів, які б сприяли зменшенню ймовірності розвитку ускладнень і покращували прогноз перебігу кардіоваскулярних захворювань. Мета – особливості використання та ефективність основних класів препаратів для лікування ішемічної хвороби серця (ІХС) в осіб старших вікових груп. Матеріал і методи. Було проаналізовано 220 історій хвороб пацієнтів віком 60–90 років з ІХС, які перебували на стаціонарному та амбулаторному лікуванні у відділенні кардіології ДУ «Інститут геронтології ім. Д. Ф. Чеботарьова НАМНУ» в період 1997–2003 та 2015–2017 рр. Визначали частоту застосування окремих класів препаратів на цих етапах спостереження, частоту призначення різних схем лікування та їх вплив на тривалість життя осіб літнього віку, хворих на ІХС. На другому етапі роботи було також проведено аналіз історій хвороб 488 пацієнтів, яких спостерігали в 1997–2017 рр. залежно від наявності інфаркту міокарда (ІМ) в анамнезі. За початкову точку спостереження було обрано дату першої госпіталізації в кардіологічне відділення. Всіх обстежених було вперше госпіталізовано в стаціонар і в подальшому їх спостерігали з основним діагнозом ІХС: стабільна стенокардія напруги І–III ФК, СН 0–ІІ б. Кінцевими точками спостереження вважали останню госпіталізацію на момент 2017 р. або настання смерті пацієнта. Як кінцеву точку було обрано смерть пацієнта, на основі якої вивчали показник тривалості життя (який визначали роком/віком смерті) або вік на момент 2017 року. Результати. За даними спостереження відзначено, що в 1997–2003 рр. найчастіше призначуваними групами були: β-блокатори (57,2 %), іАПФ (75,2 %), АСК (73,7 %), статини 60,1 % і препарати нітрогліцеринового ряду (31,0 %). Сартани призначали 10,67 %, БКК – 26,2 %. У 2015–2017 рр. препарати з групи інгібіторів ГМГ-КоА-редуктази, за даними аналізу, стали призначатися в 81,1 % випадків. Значно менше застосовували препарати нітрогліцеринового ряду – 17,9 %. Зросла поширеність призначення антигіпертензивних препаратів: β-блокаторів (80,3 %), блокаторів кальцієвих каналів (58,9 %), інгібіторів рецепторів ангіотензину ІІ (35,0 %). Ацетилсаліцилову кислоту призначали у 83,7 % випадків. Аналіз терапії хворих, які перенесли інфаркт міокарда (ІМ), свідчить про недостатнє призначення препаратів основних класів: АСК отримували 76,2 %, статини 66,4 %, бета-блокатори 73,7 %, ІАПФ 69,0 %. У результаті застосування логістичної регресії було побудовано рівняння, згідно з яким може бути спрогнозована ймовірність розвитку інфаркту залежно від того, якими препаратами лікують хворого, крім того, за даними нашої моделі можна модифікувати терапію хворих, зменшувати ймовірність розвитку ІМ. Висновки. Отримані результати свідчать, що найбільш ефективні комбінації лікування осіб з ІХС, що впливають на тривалість життя, були у хворих, які приймали АСК, статини і бета-блокатори – (81,4±3,16) року, АСК, статини і ІАПФ – (80,1±1,71) року

Usage of Solid Medium on the Basis of Corn-Steep Extract Hydrolysate in Manufacturing of Live Plague Vaccine and for Plague Agent Strain Preservation

Objective of the study was to develop a solid medium on the basis of enzyme digest of corn-steep extract for manufacturing of live plague vaccine and storage of plague agent strains. Materials and methods. Vaccine strain and virulent strains of Yersinia pestis, nutrient media for accumulation and storage. Investigated parameters were assessed according to regulatory documentation. Results and conclusions. Developed has been nutrient medium based on enzyme digest of corn-steep extract with growth stimulation additives – Mohr’s salt and sodium sulphite. Studied have been its physical-chemical and biological properties. Approbation of the medium in manufacturing laboratory has revealed its high efficiency and possibility of usage in industrial production of live plague vaccine. Batches of preparation with optical concentration of 100 mlrd/ml and (68.2±0.9) % viability have been manufactured. Application of the stated medium allows for increase in biomass output and decrease in prime cost of final product. Confirmed has been the possibility to store the virulent plague agent strains on the medium at (4±2) °C for 18 months without reduction of the culture viability

Brucellosis: Trends in the Development of Situation in the World and Forecast for 2022 in the Russian Federation

An analysis of trends in the development of situation on brucellosis in the world over past decade and the data on the main risk factors for the occurrence of epidemiological complications regarding this infection in various regions of the world are provided in the paper. An expert assessment of the current epizootiological and epidemiological situation on brucellosis, the coverage of population and animals with immunization in the Russian Federation is given. Over 9 months of 2021, 210 potentially hazardous as regards brucellosis in cattle areas and 24 sites – as regards brucellosis in small ruminants – were registered in Russia. Compared to the same period in 2020, there was a decrease in the number of newly identified hazardous sites for bovine brucellosis by 35.8 % (117 areas). However, long-term upward trend in epizootiological adversity for bovine brucellosis in Russia persists. The epidemiological situation on brucellosis in the country for the period of 2012–2021 is characterized as unfavorable. Decrease in the number of newly detected human brucellosis cases (by 25.1 % of long-term average values) is observed against the background of persistent unfavorable epizootic conditions for brucellosis among epidemiologically significant species of small ruminants and cattle in regions with developed animal husbandry. In 2021, clusters of human cases were registered in the Republic of Dagestan and Penza Region. In the Republic of Dagestan, against the background of aggravation of epizootiological and epidemiological situation on brucellosis, there was also an alarming trend towards prevalence of a relatively high incidence among minors. The proportion of cases of brucellosis among children under the age of 17 in the Republic amounted to 60.3 % of the total number of minors with newly diagnosed brucellosis in Russia over the past 10 years. Taking into account current epizootic, epidemic situations and the long-term dynamics of the development of situation on  brucellosis in the Russian Federation, the incidence of brucellosis among the population  is predicted to be 10–15 % lower than the average long-term values – 0.18–0.20 per 100000 of the population – in 2022. The number of human cases of brucellosis can range from 250 to 300

Analysis of Brucellosis Incidence and Molecular-Genetic Characteristics of Brucella Population in the Territory of the Russian Federation

An analysis of brucellosis incidence in Russia in 2013–2022 and the data on genetic diversity of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus populations isolated in Russia in 1939–2022 are provided in the review. Over the past decade, the epidemiological situation in Russia has been characterized as unstable against the background of persistent unfavorable conditions for brucellosis in cattle and small ruminants. During the period of 2013–2022 (9 months), 4298 epizootic foci as regards brucellosis in cattle (89164 sick animals) and 371 as regards brucellosis in small ruminants (13569) were registered. The largest number of epizootic brucellosis foci was recorded in the North-Caucasian and Southern Federal Districts. In 2013–2022, on average, 327 cases of brucellosis among people were registered annually, the incidence rate per 100 000 of the population was 0.24. Up to 70–90 % of brucellosis cases were detected in the south of the European part of the country. A trend towards deterioration of the situation on brucellosis in Volga (Penza and Samara Regions) and Central (Smolensk, Voronezh and Tula Regions) Federal Districts is observed. There is a connection between the intensity of epidemic manifestations of brucellosis and the level of anthropurgic enzooty of territories. In 2022, 467 cases of brucellosis were reported (0.32 per 100 000 of the population), which is 42.8 % higher than annual average values over 10 years. In 2023, a measure of stability of incidence rates, by 20–25 % above average long-term values, is to be expected. Incidence of brucellosis in humans will be within the range of 380–410 cases (0.26–0.28 per 100 000 of the population). The results of genotyping of B. melitensis strains point to an increase in the proportion of isolates with an MLVA-profile characteristic of strains from enzootic as regards brucellosis countries of Middle East and North Africa over past 20–25 years, which can indicate importation (introduction) of the infection from these territories to Russia through small ruminants and/or biomaterial from them

Основные принципы ведения неврологических пациентов в период пандемии COVID-19

In a COVID-19 pandemic, a neurologist needs to be able to assess the risks of virus infection in patients with individual neurological diseases. The review presents categories of risk groups from the Association of British Neurologists for neuromuscular diseases, multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system, stroke, epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease. The risk of infection and the management of patients with neuromuscular diseases are analyzed in detail. The use of multiple sclerosis disease modifying drugs, the treatment of stroke patients are discussed. The data from the international guidelines for the management of patients with epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease are presented.В условиях пандемии COVID-19 неврологу необходимо уметь оценить риски заражения вирусом пациентов с отдельными неврологическими болезнями. В обзоре представлены категории групп риска от Ассоциации британских неврологов для нервно-мышечных заболеваний, рассеянного склероза и других аутоиммунных болезней центральной нервной системы, инсульта, эпилепсии и болезни Паркинсона. Рассмотрены риски заражения и особенности ведения пациентов с нервно-мышечными болезнями. Обсуждено применение препаратов, изменяющих течение рассеянного склероза, особенности терапии пациентов с инсультом при COVID-19. Представлены данные из рекомендаций международных организаций по ведению пациентов с эпилепсией и болезнью Паркинсона

Cardiovascular Risk Reduction with Icosapent Ethyl for Hypertriglyceridemia

BACKGROUND Patients with elevated triglyceride levels are at increased risk for ischemic events. Icosapent ethyl, a highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid ethyl ester, lowers triglyceride levels, but data are needed to determine its effects on ischemic events. METHODS We performed a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving patients with established cardiovascular disease or with diabetes and other risk factors, who had been receiving statin therapy and who had a fasting triglyceride level of 135 to 499 mg per deciliter (1.52 to 5.63 mmol per liter) and a low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of 41 to 100 mg per deciliter (1.06 to 2.59 mmol per liter). The patients were randomly assigned to receive 2 g of icosapent ethyl twice daily (total daily dose, 4 g) or placebo. The primary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or unstable angina. The key secondary end point was a composite of cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. RESULTS A total of 8179 patients were enrolled (70.7% for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events) and were followed for a median of 4.9 years. A primary end-point event occurred in 17.2% of the patients in the icosapent ethyl group, as compared with 22.0% of the patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68 to 0.83; P<0.001); the corresponding rates of the key secondary end point were 11.2% and 14.8% (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.65 to 0.83; P<0.001). The rates of additional ischemic end points, as assessed according to a prespecified hierarchical schema, were significantly lower in the icosapent ethyl group than in the placebo group, including the rate of cardiovascular death (4.3% vs. 5.2%; hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.98; P=0.03). A larger percentage of patients in the icosapent ethyl group than in the placebo group were hospitalized for atrial fibrillation or flutter (3.1% vs. 2.1%, P=0.004). Serious bleeding events occurred in 2.7% of the patients in the icosapent ethyl group and in 2.1% in the placebo group (P=0.06). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with elevated triglyceride levels despite the use of statins, the risk of ischemic events, including cardiovascular death, was significantly lower among those who received 2 g of icosapent ethyl twice daily than among those who received placebo. (Funded by Amarin Pharma; REDUCE-IT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01492361

Early Triassic Conchostracans from the Tiryakh-Kobyume Section (Southern Verkhoyansk Region, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia))

Conchostracans (Crustacea) from the Induan deposits of the Tiryakh-Kobyume section (southern Verkhoyansk region) were studied. We identified the following seven conchostracan species belonging to five genera: Pseudestheria Raymond, 1946; Euestheria Deperet et Mezeran, 1912; Sphaerestheria Novojilov, 1954; Lioestheria Deperet et Mezeran, 1912; Wetlugites Novojilov, 1958. Most of the previously identified species in the Tiryakh-Kobyume region (“Pseudestheria sibirica”, “Ps. tumaryana”, “Ps. kashirtzevi”, and “Sphaeres­theria aldanensis”) were described in the middle of the 20th century from the basal Triassic in the western Verkhoyansk region (Balbuk section). Revision of these species with the use of modern methods of conchostracan classification is needed

Crystal structure of an unknown solvate of dodecakis(μ2-alaninato-1:2κ2O:N,O)cerium(III)hexanickel(II) aquatris(hydroxido-κO)tris(nitrato-κ2O,O′)cerate(III)

The chiral title compound, [CeNi6(C3H6NO2)12][Ce(NO3)3(OH)3(H2O)], comprises a complex heterometallic Ni/Ce cation and a homonuclear Ce anion. Both the cation and anion exhibit point group symmetry 3. with the CeIII atom situated on the threefold rotation axis. The cation metal core consists of six NiII atoms coordinated in a slightly distorted octahedral N2O4 configuration by N and O atoms of 12 deprotonated l-alaninate ligands exhibiting both bridging and chelating modes. This metal–organic coordination motif encapsulates one CeIII atom that shows an icosahedral coordination by the O-donor atoms of the l-alaninate ligands, with Ce—O distances varying in the range 2.455 (5)–2.675 (3) Å. In the anion, the central CeIII ion is bound to three bidentate nitrate ligands, to three hydroxide ligands and to one water molecule, with Ce—O distances in the range 2.6808 (19)–2.741 (2) Å. The H atoms of the coordinating water molecule are disordered over three positions due to its location on a threefold rotation axis. Disorder is also observed in fragments of two l-alaninate ligands, with occupancy ratios of 0.608 (14):0.392 (14) and 0.669 (8):0.331 (8), respectively, for the two sets of sites. In the crystal, the complex cations and anions assemble through O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network with large voids of approximately 1020 Å3. The contributions of highly disordered ethanol and water solvent molecules to the diffraction data were removed with the SQUEEZE procedure [Spek (2015). Acta Cryst. C71, 9–18]. The given chemical formula and other crystal data do not take into account the unknown amount of these solvent molecules

Acmeological approaches to fundamental education development

The article is devoted to acmeology which is the scientific area that considers the development as a continuous improvement, the outcome of which is the result made by individualСтатья посвящена акмеологии — научному направлению, рассматривающему развитие как постоянное совершенствование, итогом которого является достигнутый личностью результа