Responding mechanism of macro-micro characteristics and water abundance on Jurassic sandstone in Northern Shaanxi Province

The water abundance of sandstone aquifer is the basis of mine water prevention and control. With the gradual development of the Jurassic coal resources in northern Shaanxi areas, the study of water abundance of Jurassic sandstone aquifer is of great significance to ensure safe and efficient mining. However, how its heterogeneity affects water abundance, that is the influence mechanism is still unclear. Taking Dahaize Coal Mine as the research area, through the division of sedimentary facies and 38 typical sandstone samples casting thin section image analysis, mercury injection, nuclear magnetic resonance and so on laboratory tests, combined with the results of borehole pumping test, the sedimentary facies, micro pore structure and its relationship with water abundance of Jurassic Zhiluo Formation and Yan’an Formation were studied. The response mechanism of sandstone microscopic pore structure on water abundance is revealed. The results show that the lower Zhiluo Formation in Dahaize Coal Mine mainly develops river sand dam and flood plain sedimentary microfacies of river sedimentary system; The third section of Yan’an Formation mainly develops distributary channel and interdistributary bay sedimentary microfacies of delta sedimentary system. The river sedimentary system is generally more water abundance than the aquifer of delta sedimentary system. The water abundance of channel sand dam dominated by coarse sandstone and medium sandstone is stronger than that of flood plain dominated by medium sandstone and fine sandstone. The water abundance of distributary channel with large sandstone thickness and sand ratio is larger than that of interdistributary bay with small sandstone thickness and sand ratio. The microscopic pore structure could be divided into four types by physical properties, lithology, pore distribution, connectivity, which are type Ⅰ for large pore and coarse throat, type Ⅱ for mesopore and middle-fine throat, type Ⅲ for keyhole and fine throat, type Ⅳ for small- microporous and micro-fine throat, and the pore structure becomes worse and the water abundance becomes weaker from I to IV. The macroscopic sedimentary facies and microscopic pore structure of the sandstone jointly characterize the water abundance of aquifer. It provides a new idea for the characteristics and scientific prediction of water abundance of sandstone aquifer, and provides theoretical basis for mine water control

The Effect of Insomnia on Cortical Excitability in Patients With Generalized Anxiety Disorder

The high rate of comorbidity between insomnia and anxiety disorders have been confirmed by previous studies. However, the underlying neurobiological correlates of the relationship between insomnia and anxiety disorders are largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of insomnia on cortical excitability in patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) by examining the recovery functions of median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in patients with GAD without insomnia and patients with GAD comorbid with insomnia. We studied the recovery functions of median nerve SEPs in 12 medication-naive patients with GAD without insomnia, 15 medication-naive patients with GAD comorbid with insomnia, and 15 age and sex matched healthy controls. SEPs in response to single stimulus and paired stimuli at interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 20, 60, 100, and 150 ms were recorded. The recovery function of the P25 component showed significantly reduced suppression in patients with GAD without insomnia as compared to patients with GAD comorbid with insomnia and healthy controls. There were no significant differences in the recovery functions of median nerve SEPs between patients with GAD comorbid with insomnia and healthy controls. The present study suggested that the cortical excitability of right parietal cortex increased in patients with GAD without insomnia, and cortical excitability in patients with GAD comorbid with insomnia was modulated by insomnia. Our findings provide new insights into the underlying neurobiological correlates of the effects of insomnia on GAD, which could ultimately be used to inform clinical intervention

Data-Juicer: A One-Stop Data Processing System for Large Language Models

The immense evolution in Large Language Models (LLMs) has underscored the importance of massive, diverse, and high-quality data. Despite this, existing open-source tools for LLM data processing remain limited and mostly tailored to specific datasets, with an emphasis on the reproducibility of released data over adaptability and usability, inhibiting potential applications. In response, we propose a one-stop, powerful yet flexible and user-friendly LLM data processing system named Data-Juicer. Our system offers over 50 built-in versatile operators and pluggable tools, which synergize modularity, composability, and extensibility dedicated to diverse LLM data processing needs. By incorporating visualized and automatic evaluation capabilities, Data-Juicer enables a timely feedback loop to accelerate data processing and gain data insights. To enhance usability, Data-Juicer provides out-of-the-box components for users with various backgrounds, and fruitful data recipes for LLM pre-training and post-tuning usages. Further, we employ multi-facet system optimization and seamlessly integrate Data-Juicer with both LLM and distributed computing ecosystems, to enable efficient and scalable data processing. Empirical validation of the generated data recipes reveals considerable improvements in LLaMA performance for various pre-training and post-tuning cases, demonstrating up to 7.45% relative improvement of averaged score across 16 LLM benchmarks and 16.25% higher win rate using pair-wise GPT-4 evaluation. The system's efficiency and scalability are also validated, supported by up to 88.7% reduction in single-machine processing time, 77.1% and 73.1% less memory and CPU usage respectively, and 7.91x processing acceleration when utilizing distributed computing ecosystems. Our system, data recipes, and multiple tutorial demos are released, calling for broader research centered on LLM data.Comment: Under continuous maintenance and updating; The system, refined data recipes, and demos are at https://github.com/alibaba/data-juice

Indirect coupling method for structural analysis of refuge chamber

Structural analysis is important in the design of a refuge chamber, which can ensure the structural safety of the refuge chamber in case of an explosion. In this paper, an indirect coupling method is utilized to calculate deformation of a refuge chamber under explosion, when gas explosion is simulated in a roadway model, and the pressure waves on different locations of chamber are extracted. The extracted pressure-time curves are applied to a detailed model of the refuge chamber to obtain deformation values. However, reliabilities and validities of the simulation results are not provided. Thereby, we conducted three groups of small-scale physical experiments for comparing the corresponding simulation results calculated by the indirect coupling method. Meanwhile, the theoretical values were obtained by the method of extracting the specific impulse. The results show that the simulation values fit well with the experimental and theoretical values. The process of applying a pressure-time curve to the model covers the specific impulse which acts on the prototype. This method can be used to calculate the deformation of complex equipment under explosion

Wafer-scale growth of large arrays of perovskite microplate crystals for functional electronics and optoelectronics

Methylammonium lead iodide perovskite has attracted intensive interest for its diverse optoelectronic applications. However, most studies to date have been limited to bulk thin films that are difficult to implement for integrated device arrays because of their incompatibility with typical lithography processes. We report the first patterned growth of regular arrays of perovskite microplate crystals for functional electronics and optoelectronics. We show that large arrays of lead iodide microplates can be grown from an aqueous solution through a seeded growth process and can be further intercalated with methylammonium iodide to produce perovskite crystals. Structural and optical characterizations demonstrate that the resulting materials display excellent crystalline quality and optical properties. We further show that perovskite crystals can be selectively grown on prepatterned electrode arrays to create independently addressable photodetector arrays and functional field effect transistors. The ability to grow perovskite microplates and to precisely place them at specific locations offers a new material platform for the fundamental investigation of the electronic and optical properties of perovskite materials and opens a pathway for integrated electronic and optoelectronic systems.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

detrex: Benchmarking Detection Transformers

The DEtection TRansformer (DETR) algorithm has received considerable attention in the research community and is gradually emerging as a mainstream approach for object detection and other perception tasks. However, the current field lacks a unified and comprehensive benchmark specifically tailored for DETR-based models. To address this issue, we develop a unified, highly modular, and lightweight codebase called detrex, which supports a majority of the mainstream DETR-based instance recognition algorithms, covering various fundamental tasks, including object detection, segmentation, and pose estimation. We conduct extensive experiments under detrex and perform a comprehensive benchmark for DETR-based models. Moreover, we enhance the performance of detection transformers through the refinement of training hyper-parameters, providing strong baselines for supported algorithms.We hope that detrex could offer research communities a standardized and unified platform to evaluate and compare different DETR-based models while fostering a deeper understanding and driving advancements in DETR-based instance recognition. Our code is available at https://github.com/IDEA-Research/detrex. The project is currently being actively developed. We encourage the community to use detrex codebase for further development and contributions.Comment: project link: https://github.com/IDEA-Research/detre

The energy spectrum of all-particle cosmic rays around the knee region observed with the Tibet-III air-shower array

We have already reported the first result on the all-particle spectrum around the knee region based on data from 2000 November to 2001 October observed by the Tibet-III air-shower array. In this paper, we present an updated result using data set collected in the period from 2000 November through 2004 October in a wide range over 3 decades between $10^{14}$ eV and $10^{17}$ eV, in which the position of the knee is clearly seen at around 4 PeV. The spectral index is -2.68 $\pm$ 0.02(stat.) below 1PeV, while it is -3.12 $\pm$ 0.01(stat.) above 4 PeV in the case of QGSJET+HD model, and various systematic errors are under study now.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, accepted by Advances in space researc