Aminophosphine complex as a catalyst precursor in Suzuki coupling reactions

A palladium complex with an aminophosphine ligand has been prepared and investigated as a catalyst precursor in Suzuki coupling reactions in toluene. Nanoparticles composed of elemental palladium have been isolated from the reaction media and analyzed using transmission electroscopic microscope (TEM), which shows the essential catalysts palladium nanoparticles to have a size of ca. 3.0 nm

Selective Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Primary Amines to Imines by Core-Shell Cobalt Nanoparticles

Core–shell nanocatalysts are attractive due to their versatility and stability. Here, we describe cobalt nanoparticles encapsulated within graphitic shells prepared via the pyrolysis of a cationic poly-ionic liquid (PIL) with a cobalt(II) chloride anion. The resulting material has a core–shell structure that displays excellent activity and selectivity in the self-dehydrogenation and hetero-dehydrogenation of primary amines to their corresponding imines. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibits excellent activity in the synthesis of secondary imines from substrates with various reducible functional groups (C=C, C≡C and C≡N) and amino acid derivatives. © 2020 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA

Influence of Elemental Iodine on Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids: Solution and Solid-State Effects

Ionic liquids doped with I-2, usually resulting in the formation of polyiodide anions, are extensively used as electrolytes and in iodination reactions. Herein, NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction were used to rationalize the structures of imidazolium-based polyiodide ionic liquids in the liquid and solid states. Combined, these studies show that extensive interactions between the imidazolium cation and the resulting polyiodide anion are present, which have the net effect of lengthening, polarizing, and weakening the I-I bonds in the anion. This bond weakening rationalizes the high conductivity and reactivity of ionic liquids doped with I-2

Palladium-Catalyzed Desulfitative Mizoroki-Heck Coupling Reactions of Sulfonyl Chlorides with Olefins in a Nitrile-functionalized Ionic Liquid

Aryl and alkenyl sulfonyl chlorides can be used in Heck-Mizoroki-type couplings with mono- and disubstituted olefins in a nitrile-functionalized ionic liquid, viz. [C3CNpy][Tf2N]. Advan­tages over previously reported methods include: (1) use of a cheap catalyst source, PdCl2, (2) ability to handle the catalyst in air, (3) ­reduced reaction times, (4) elimination of phase-transfer catalysts due to the high solubility of the inorganic base in the ionic liquid, and (5) facile recycling of the ionic liquid-palladium catalyst. The yields of coupling products remain in the same range as the reactions conducted in organic solvents. Palladium nanoparticles, characterized using transmission electron microscopy, have been identified in the ionic liquid following the Heck-Mizoroki type ­coupling reactions

Precision excimer laser annealed Ga-doped ZnO electron transport layers for perovskite solar cells

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) continue to attract considerable attention due to their excellent photovoltaic performance and low cost. In order to realize the fabrication of PSCs on temperature-sensitive substrates, low-temperature processing of all the components in the device is required, however, the majority of the high-performance PSCs rely on the electron transport layers (ETLs) processed at high temperatures. Herein, we apply excimer laser annealing (ELA) to treat ETLs (Ga-doped ZnO, GZO) at room temperature. A synergetic improvement in optical transparency and electrical conductivity is achieved after ELA treatment, which in turn improves light absorption, enhances electron injection, and depresses charge recombination. Devices fabricated with ELA treated GZO ETL acheived a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.68%, higher than that of the PSCs utilizing GZO with conventional high-temperature annealing (12.96%). Thus, ELA is a promising technique for annealing ETLs at room temperature to produce efficient PSCs on both rigid and flexible substrates

Ionic liquids based on imidazolium salts incorporating a nitrile functionality

Novel chemical compounds of the general formula KA, in which K is a 5- or 6- membered heterocyclic ring having 1-3 hetereo atoms, which can be independently N, S, or 0 with the proviso that at least one of the hetereo atoms must be a quaternized nitrogen atom having a -R'CN substituent, wherein R' is alkyl (C1 to C12) the heterocyclic ring having up to 4 or 5 substituents independently chosen from the moieties: (i) H (ii) halogen or (iii) alkyl (C1 to C12) , which is unsubstituted or partially or fully substituted by further groups, preferably F, Cl, N(CnF(2n+1-x)Hx)2, O(CnF(2n+1-x)Hx), S02(CnF(2n+1-x)Hx)2 or CnF(2n+1-x)Hx where 1 is any anion that provides a salt with a low melting point, below about 100 DEG C A can be halide, BF4, PF6, N03, CH3CO2, CF3SO3, (CF3SO2)2N, (CF3SO2)3C CF3CO2 or N(CN)2 or [BF3RCN]. These compounds can be used as industrial solvents, especially as ligands for efficient catalyst recycling

Ionic Liquids: From Synthesis to Applications in Solar Cells

Ionic liquids continue to find applications in an ever-increasing range of technologies. Here we describe some of the key routes used to prepare ionic liquids and then relate their properties to their applications. In particular, ionic liquids have been used to facilitate crystal growth and, for this reason, are emerging as useful solvents/additives in the preparation of perovskite films. The role of ionic liquids in these films and how they lead to perovskite solar cells with high efficiencies and stabilities is described

Ionic Liquids: From Synthesis to Applications in Solar Cells

Ionic liquids continue to find applications in an ever-increasing range of technologies. Here we describe some of the key routes used to prepare ionic liquids and then relate their properties to their applications. In particular, ionic liquids have been used to facilitate crystal growth and, for this reason, are emerging as useful solvents/additives in the preparation of perovskite films. The role of ionic liquids in these films and how they lead to perovskite solar cells with high efficiencies and stabilities is described

Ionic polymers and use thereof in processing of biomass

The invention provides ionic polymers (IP) consisting of anions and a polymeric backbone containing cations. The invention also provides the ionic polymers incorporated in membranes or attached to solid supports and use of the ionic polymers in processing of biomass