Fuzzy matching template attacks on multivariate cryptography : a case study

Multivariate cryptography is one of the most promising candidates for post-quantum cryptography. Applying machine learning techniques in this paper, we experimentally investigate the side-channel security of the multivariate cryptosystems, which seriously threatens the hardware implementations of cryptographic systems. Generally, registers are required to store values of monomials and polynomials during the encryption of multivariate cryptosystems. Based on maximum-likelihood and fuzzy matching techniques, we propose a template-based least-square technique to efficiently exploit the side-channel leakage of registers. Using QUAD for a case study, which is a typical multivariate cryptosystem with provable security, we perform our attack against both serial and parallel QUAD implementations on field programmable gate array (FPGA). Experimental results show that our attacks on both serial and parallel implementations require only about 30 and 150 power traces, respectively, to successfully reveal the secret key with a success rate close to 100%. Finally, efficient and low-cost strategies are proposed to resist side-channel attacks

Modeling and Bifurcation Research of a Worm Propagation Dynamical System with Time Delay

Both vaccination and quarantine strategy are adopted to control the Internet worm propagation. By considering the interaction infection between computers and external removable devices, a worm propagation dynamical system with time delay under quarantine strategy is constructed based on anomaly intrusion detection system (IDS). By regarding the time delay caused by time window of anomaly IDS as the bifurcation parameter, local asymptotic stability at the positive equilibrium and local Hopf bifurcation are discussed. Through theoretical analysis, a threshold τ0 is derived. When time delay is less than τ0, the worm propagation is stable and easy to predict; otherwise, Hopf bifurcation occurs so that the system is out of control and the containment strategy does not work effectively. Numerical analysis and discrete-time simulation experiments are given to illustrate the correctness of theoretical analysis

Risk factors of oncogenic HPV infection in HIV-positive men with anal condyloma acuminata in Shenzhen, Southeast China: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with anal condyloma acuminata (CA) present an increased risk of anal cancer progression associated with oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. It is essential to explore determinants of anal infection by oncogenic HPV among HIV-positive patients with CA.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed in HIV-positive patients with CA between January 2019 to October 2021 in Shenzhen, Southeast China. Exfoliated cells were collected from CA lesions and the anal canal of HPV genotypes detected by fluorescence PCR. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to probe associations of independent variables with oncogenic HPV infection.ResultsAmong HIV-positive patients with CA, the most prevalent oncogenic genotypes were HPV52 (29.43%), HPV16 (28.93%), HPV59 (19.20%), and HPV18 (15.96%). Risk of oncogenic HPV infection increased with age at enrollment (COR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01–1.07, p = 0.022). In the multivariable analysis, age ≥ 35 years (AOR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.20–5.70, p = 0.02) and history of syphilis (AOR: 3.46, 95% CI: 1.90–6.79, p < 0.01) were independent risk factors statistically associated with oncogenic HPV infection. History of syphilis (AOR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.08–2.73, p < 0.02) was also an independent risk factor statistically associated with HPV16 or HPV18 infection.ConclusionIn clinical practice, HIV-positive CA patients aged ≥35 years or with a history of syphilis should carry out HR-HPV testing and even anal cancer-related examinations to prevent the occurrence of anal cancer

Spatio-temporal characteristics and determinants of anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus inputs in an ecologically fragile karst basin: Environmental responses and management strategies

Excessive nitrogen and phosphorus inputs to land and subsequent export to water via runoff leads to aquatic ecosystem deterioration. The WRB is the world’s largest karst basin which is characterized by a fragile ecosystem coupling with high population pressure, and the transformation of intensive agriculture. Quantifying different sources of pollution in karst regions is challenging due to the complexity of landscape topography and geology coupled with high transmissivity and connectivity of subsurface hydrological systems. This results in large uncertainty associated with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) flow pathways. This combination of factors contributes to the WRB being a high priority for quantitatively understanding the contribution of regional nutrient inputs and those of other major water quality determinants. Here we applied the latest statistical data (2000–2018) and simple quasi-mass-balance methods of net anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus inputs (NANI and NAPI) to estimate spatio-temporal heterogeneity of N and P inputs. The results show that while NANI and NAPI are first decreasing, this is followed by an increasing trend during 2000–2018, with average values of 11262.06 ± 2732 kg N km− 2 yr−1 and 2653.91 ± 863 kg P km−2 yr−1 respectively. High N and P concentrations in the river drainage network are related to the spatial distribution of excessive inputs of N and P. Rapid urbanization, livestock farming and the conflicts between economic development and lagged-environmental management are the main reasons for the incremental regional N and P inputs. Management decisions on nutrient pollution in karst regions need careful consideration to reduce ecological impacts and contamination of karst aquifers. This study provides new insight for policy and decision making in the WRB, highlighting policy options for managing nutrient inputs and providing recommendations for closing the science-policy divide

Structures and magnetic properties of iron silicide from adaptive genetic algorithm and first-principles calculations

We performed a systematic search for low-energy structures of binary iron silicide over a wide range of compositions using the crystal structure prediction method based on adaptive genetic algorithm. 36 structures with formation energies within 50 meV/atom (11 of them are within 20 meV) above the convex hull formed by experimentally known stable structures are predicted. Magnetic properties of these low-energy structures are investigated. Some of these structures can be promising candidates for rare-earth-free permanent magnet

The Enhancing Effects of the Light Chain on Heavy Chain Secretion in Split Delivery of Factor VIII Gene

Coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) is secreted as a heterodimer consisting of a heavy chain (HC) and a light chain (LC), which can be expressed independently and reassociate with recovery of biological activity. Because of the size limitation of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors, a strategy for delivering the HC and LC separately has been developed. However, the FVIII HC is secreted 10–100-fold less efficiently than the LC. In this study, we demonstrated that the F309S mutation and enhanced B-domain glycosylations alone are not sufficient to improve FVIII HC secretion, which suggested a role of the FVIII LC in regulating HC secretion. To characterize this role of the FVIII LC, we compared FVIII HC secretion with and without the LC via post-translational protein trans-splicing. As demonstrated in vitro, ligation of the LC to the HC significantly increased HC secretion. Such HC secretion increases were also confirmed in vivo by hydrodynamic injection of FVIII intein plasmids into hemophilia A mice. Moreover, similar enhancement of HC secretion can also be observed when the LC is supplied in trans, which is probably due to the spontaneous association of the HC and the LC in the secretion pathway. In sum, enhancing the secretion of the FVIII HC polypeptide may require the proper association of the FVIII LC polypeptide in cis or in trans. These results may be helpful in designing new strategies to improve FVIII gene delivery

Spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of mouse organogenesis using DNA nanoball-patterned arrays.

Spatially resolved transcriptomic technologies are promising tools to study complex biological processes such as mammalian embryogenesis. However, the imbalance between resolution, gene capture, and field of view of current methodologies precludes their systematic application to analyze relatively large and three-dimensional mid- and late-gestation embryos. Here, we combined DNA nanoball (DNB)-patterned arrays and in situ RNA capture to create spatial enhanced resolution omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq). We applied Stereo-seq to generate the mouse organogenesis spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (MOSTA), which maps with single-cell resolution and high sensitivity the kinetics and directionality of transcriptional variation during mouse organogenesis. We used this information to gain insight into the molecular basis of spatial cell heterogeneity and cell fate specification in developing tissues such as the dorsal midbrain. Our panoramic atlas will facilitate in-depth investigation of longstanding questions concerning normal and abnormal mammalian development.This work is part of the ‘‘SpatioTemporal Omics Consortium’’ (STOC) paper package. A list of STOC members is available at: http://sto-consortium.org. We would like to thank the MOTIC China Group, Rongqin Ke (Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China), Jiazuan Ni (Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China), Wei Huang (Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China), and Jonathan S. Weissman (Whitehead Institute, Boston, USA) for their help. This work was supported by the grant of Top Ten Foundamental Research Institutes of Shenzhen, the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics (ZDSYS20190902093613831), and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write (2017B030301011); Longqi Liu was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31900466) and Miguel A. Esteban’s laboratory at the Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA16030502), National Natural Science Foundation of China (92068106), and the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2021B1515120075).S