STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTELLIGENT ASSISTANT EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR POWER GRID ENTERPRISES' OVERSEAS INVESTMENT

Based on the comparison and induction of existing market investment evaluation methods at home and abroad as well as in-depth analysis of the elements and characteristics of the overseas power market regulatory environment (OPMRE), this paper constructed the OPMRE evaluation index system of six elements, containing policy stability, business risk, return on investment, asset growth, incentive strength and bilateral relations, and then the OPMRE evaluation model based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was proposed. Finally, the corresponding intelligent assistant evaluation system was developed. The model and system were employed to evaluate the regulatory environment of six selected countries, and the results reveal that the evaluation model and system have strong practicability, which can generate the evaluation report quickly and automatically, indicating them has good realistic significance and practical value for the grid enterprises' overseas investment decisions

Shrub type dominates the vertical distribution of leaf C : N : P stoichiometry across an extensive altitudinal gradient

Understanding leaf stoichiometric patterns is crucial for improving predictions of plant responses to environmental changes. Leaf stoichiometry of terrestrial ecosystems has been widely investigated along latitudinal and longitudinal gradients. However, very little is known about the vertical distribution of leaf C :N: P and the relative effects of environmental parameters, especially for shrubs. Here, we analyzed the shrub leaf C, N and P patterns in 125 mountainous sites over an extensive altitudinal gradient (523-4685 m) on the Tibetan Plateau. Results showed that the shrub leaf C and C :N were 7.3-47.5% higher than those of other regional and global flora, whereas the leaf N and N: P were 10.2-75.8% lower. Leaf C increased with rising altitude and decreasing temperature, supporting the physiological acclimation mechanism that high leaf C (e.g., alpine or evergreen shrub) could balance the cell osmotic pressure and resist freezing. The largest leaf N and high leaf P occurred in valley region (altitude 1500 m), likely due to the large nutrient leaching from higher elevations, faster litter decomposition and nutrient resorption ability of deciduous broadleaf shrub. Leaf N: P ratio further indicated increasing N limitation at higher altitudes. Interestingly, drought severity was the only climatic factor positively correlated with leaf N and P, which was more appropriate for evaluating the impact of water status than precipitation. Among the shrub ecosystem and functional types (alpine, subalpine, montane, valley, evergreen, deciduous, broadleaf, and conifer), their leaf element contents and responses to environments were remarkably different. Shrub type was the largest contributor to the total variations in leaf stoichiometry, while climate indirectly affected the leaf C :N: P via its interactive effects on shrub type or soil. Collectively, the large heterogeneity in shrub type was the most important factor explaining the overall leaf C :N: P variations, despite the broad climate gradient on the plateau. Temperature and drought induced shifts in shrub type distribution will influence the nutrient accumulation in mountainous shrubs. © Author(s) 2018

Growth and photosynthetic responses of two coniferous species to experimental warming and nitrogen fertilization

The paper studied the short-term effects of experimental warming, nitrogen fertilization, and their combination on growth and photosynthetic performances of Picea asperata Mast. and Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. seedlings. These seedlings were subjected to two levels of temperature ( ambient temperature and infrared heater warming) and two nitrogen levels (0 and 25 g N center dot m(-2) center dot year(-1)) for 6 months. Warming alone and fertilization alone significantly increased biomass accumulation and photosynthetic performances of both two species. The combination of warming and fertilization stimulated greater accumulation of stem, root, and total biomass and further increased chlorophyll content and net photosynthesis rate ( A) in Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings. However, for Picea asperata seedlings, the interaction induced less increment in plant height, total biomass, chlorophyll contents, A, and the efficiency of photosystem than nitrogen treatment alone. These results implied that both climate warming and nitrogen addition were favorable for the early growth of both coniferous species; the interaction of these two factors caused adding or multiplying single-factor effects in the case of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings but dampening them in the case of Picea asperata seedlings, at least in short time

Effects of soil warming and nitrogen fertilization on leaf physiology of Pinus tabulaeformis seedlings

The paper mainly studied the short-term influences of experimental warming, nitrogen addition, and their combination on physiological performance of P. tabulaeformis seedlings. Free air temperature increase system of infrared heaters was used to raise monthly average soil and air temperature by 2.6 and 2.1 A degrees C above the ambient. NH4NO3 solution was added for a total equivalent to 25 g N m(-2) a(-1). Experimental warming and nitrogen addition induced a significant increase in leaf nitrogen concentration, A (max), I broken vertical bar, antioxidant enzymes activities, ASA and free proline contents, but both of them sharply decreased AOS and MDA level. Interestingly, the interaction of warming and nitrogen fertilization further improved leaf nitrogen concentration, A (max), I broken vertical bar, and antioxidant compounds accumulation, and also resulted in lower rate of O-2 (-) production than either single warming or fertilization. Obviously, the beneficial effects of warming and N fertilization alone on leaf physiology of P. tabulaeformis seedlings were magnified by the combination

Growth and physiological responses of Picea asperata seedlings to elevated temperature and to nitrogen fertilization

Picea asperata is a dominant species in the subalpine coniferous forests distributed in eastern edges of Tibetan Plateau and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The paper mainly identified the short-term influences of experimental warming, nitrogen fertilization, and their combination on growth and physiological performances of Picea asperata seedlings. These seedlings were subjected to two levels of temperature (ambient; infrared heater warming) and two nitrogen levels (0; 25 g m(-2) a(-1) N) for 6 months. We used a free air temperature increase of overhead infrared heater to raise both air and soil temperature by 2.1 and 2.6A degrees C, respectively. The temperature increment induced an obvious enhancement in biomass accumulation and the maximum net photosynthetic rate, and decreased AOS and MDA level under ambient nitrogen conditions. Whereas, negative effects of experimental warming on growth and physiology was observed under nitrogen fertilization condition. On the other hand, nitrogen fertilization significantly improved plant growth in unwarmed plots, by stimulating total biomass, maximum net photosynthetic rate (A (max)), antioxidant compounds, as well as reducing the content of AOS and MDA. However, in warmed plots, nitrogen addition clearly decreased A (max), antioxidant compounds, and induced higher accumulation of AOS and MDA. Obviously, the beneficial effects of sole nitrogen on growth and physiology of Picea asperata seedlings could not be magnified by artificial warming

High-speed nano-bearings constructed from double-walled carbon nanotubes : effect of flexile deformation

Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) have been proposed to be the leading candidates for high-speed nanobearings owing to superlubric characteristics between adjacent nanotubes. Performance of the DWCNT bearings is closely related to intertube friction, which is influenced by many factors, and in this work, we focus on the issue of flexibility of the nanotubes. Using molecular dynamics simulation, it has been found that considerable deformation of the nanotubes can emerge in the (5, 5)/(18, 0) DWCNT bearing with a length of ∼80 Å if the angular speed of the shaft reaches 1.3 rev/ps. Such flexile deformation results in two distinct states with differing frictional characteristics. One of the two states, the slippery rotation, represents an interim period characterized by in-phase distortions of the inner and outer tubes, while the other state, the resistant rotation, is a steady state with the inner-tube curving lags behind that of the outer tube. Such a lag leads to a considerable increase of circular deflection of the outer tube and a sharp decrease of the minimal distance between tubes, therefore preventing the inner tube from slippery rotation.Published versio

Investigation of the effects of commensurability on friction between concentric carbon nanotubes

That a commensurate contact usually leads to greater friction than an incommensurate one is a commonly held view in nanotribology. However, this perception seems paradoxical as commensurability is found to have negligible effect on the energy dissipation in double-walled carbon nanotube (DWNT) based oscillators. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate such a paradox from the viewpoint of the atomic origin of friction. It is revealed that the commensurability cannot have a pronounced effect on friction unless the intertube interaction strength and the energy corrugation exceed their critical values. Both the commensurate and incommensurate oscillators constructed from natural DWNTs with an intertube distance of about 3.4 Å, may thus exhibit similar performance

Effects of elevated temperature and nitrogen fertilization on nitrogen metabolism and nutrient status of two coniferous species

The effects of soil warming and nitrogen (N) fertilization on nitrogen metabolism and nutrient status of Picea asperata Mast. and Pinus tabulaformis Carr. seedlings were studied in this paper. Infrared heaters increased monthly average soil and air temperature by 2.6 and 2.1 degrees C above the ambient, respectively. Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) was added in an amount equivalent to an additional 25?g?N?m-2?a-1. Interestingly, soil warming, N fertilization, and their combination decreased foliar phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) concentration of Picea asperata seedlings, but increased them in Pinus tabulaformis seedlings. Moreover, the combination of warming and N fertilization induced greater increments of amino acid, area-based N concentration and mass-based N concentration, manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn), and further decreased P and calcium (Ca) concentration in Picea asperata seedlings. However, this phenomenon was not observed in Pinus tabulaformis seedlings. These results indicated that Picea asperata seedlings are more sensitive to the combination of warming and N fertilizer than Pinus tabulaformis seedlings