Evaluation of union bounds for space-time codes based on a common function

Error-rate evaluation of Space-Time codes using Union bounds sometimes requires very heavy computational loads and so is impractical to use. In this paper, a Common function shared by different Union bounds is derived and used to develop a modified Union bound (MUB) for error-rate evaluation. Results of numerical evaluations and Monte-Carlo simulation on two 2x2 rotation-based S-T codes show that the MUB provides a good compromise between the required computational load and the accuracy for error-rate evaluation. ©2009 IEEE.published_or_final_versionThe 22nd IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE 2009), St. John's, NL., 3-6 May 2009. In Proceedings of the 22nd CCECE, 2009, p. 89-9

Difficulties in using the exact closed-form PEP formula for BER calculation of S-T codes

The formula for the exact union bound (EUB) on BER based on the exact closed-form Pair-wise Error Probability (PEP) is most accurate for calculating the bit-error-rates (BERs) of Space-Time (S-T) codes in Multiple-Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems. In this paper, it is shown that using the exact closed-form PEP formula for numerical calculations of the PEP or the EUB on BER could produce negative results. The formula for the exact closed-form PEP is therefore re-examined and explanations for the problem are given. A simple trick is suggested to reduce the effect of the problem. A new upper bound on PEP derived using the Hölder Inequality is proposed to replace the exact closed-form PEP formula. Numerical calculation results show that the union bound based on the proposed new upper bound on PEP is a very tight bound to the EUB and doesn't have the problem of negative results. ©2009 IEEE.published_or_final_versionThe 2009 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS) 2009, San Diego, CA., 18-22 January 2009. In Proceedings of RWS, 2009, p. 292-29

Electronic structure of the vortex lattice of d-, d+is-, and dx2-y2+idxy-wave superconductors

On the basis of the self-consistent Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations and a tight-binding lattice model, we investigate the quasiparticle spectrum of vortex-lattice state in pure d-, mixed d+is, and dx2-y2+idxy-wave superconductors. For a d-wave case, the local density of states (LDOS) at the vortex core shows a multipeak structure, and the positions of peaks as well as the width of splitting between peaks are sensitively dependent on both the magnetic-field strength and the orientation of the vortex lattice. For the mixed d+is- and dx2-y2+idxy-wave pairing states, we observe a double-peak structure of the local density of states at vortex center, where the two peaks are asymmetrically situated around the Fermi energy. By taking into account the matrix-element effect, the local density of states appears to be qualitatively consistent with the scanning-tunneling-microscopy experimental data.published_or_final_versio

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α-independent peroxisome proliferation

Hepatic peroxisome proliferation, increases in the numerical and volume density of peroxisomes, is believed to be closely related to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) activation; however, it remains unknown whether peroxisome proliferation depends absolutely on this activation. To verify occurrence of PPARα-independent peroxisome proliferation, fenofibrate treatment was used, which was expected to significantly enhance PPARα dependence in the assay system. Surprisingly, a novel type of PPARα-independent peroxisome proliferation and enlargement was uncovered in PPARα-null mice. The increased expression of dynamin-like protein 1, but not peroxisome biogenesis factor 11α, might be associated with the PPARα-independent peroxisome proliferation at least in part.ArticleBIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 346(4): 1307-1311(2006)journal articl

SMYD3 (SET and MYND domain containing 3)

Review on SMYD3 (SET and MYND domain containing 3), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated

Genes Underlying Positive Influence Of Prenatal Environmental Enrichment And Negative Influence Of Prenatal Earthquake Simulation And Corrective Influence Of Chinese Herbalmedicine On Rat Offspring: Irf7 And Ninj2

Background: Prenatal environmental enrichment (EE) has been proven to positively affect but prenatal stress negatively influence the physiological and psychological processes in animals, whose trans-generational genetic mechanism remains unclearly defined. We aimed to investigate and find out key genes underlying the positive-negative effects derived from prenatal interventions.Materials and Methods: Pregnant rats were randomized into EE group (EEG), earthquake simulation group (ESG), herbal group (HG) received herbal supplements in feed after earthquake simulation, and control group (CG).Results: Light Box Defecation Test (LBDT) showed EEG offspring presented less fecal pellets than CG offspring, ESG’s more than CG’s, and HG’s less than ESG (p’s<0.05). Open-field Test (OFT) score of EEG was higher than CG offspring, of ESG’s was lower than CG’s, and HG’s higher than ESG’s. Irf7 and Ninj were screened, which were up-regulated in EEG, down-regulated in ESG (FC<0.5), and were neutralized in HG. Prenatal EE could positively promote the nervous system development, prenatal earthquake simulation could retard the nervous system development and Chinese herbal remedy (JKSQW) which could correct the retardation.Conclusion: The negative-positive prenatal effect could contribute to altered gene expression of Irf7 and Ninj2 which also could play a key role in the improving function of JKSQWfor the kidneys.Keywords: Prenatal stress; Earthquake simulation; Light Box Defecation Test; Open-field Test; Irf7; Ninj

Lineage Divergence and Historical Gene Flow in the Chinese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus sinicus)

PMCID: PMC3581519This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited

CNV analysis in Chinese children of mental retardation highlights a sex differentiation in parental contribution to de novo and inherited mutational burdens

Rare copy number variations (CNVs) are a known genetic etiology in neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Comprehensive CNV analysis was performed in 287 Chinese children with mental retardation and/or development delay (MR/DD) and their unaffected parents. When compared with 5,866 ancestry-matched controls, 11~12% more MR/DD children carried rare and large CNVs. The increased CNV burden in MR/DD was predominantly due to de novo CNVs, the majority of which (62%) arose in the paternal germline. We observed a 2~3 fold increase of large CNV burden in the mothers of affected children. By implementing an evidence-based review approach, pathogenic structural variants were identified in 14.3% patients and 2.4% parents, respectively. Pathogenic CNVs in parents were all carried by mothers. The maternal transmission bias of deleterious CNVs was further replicated in a published dataset. Our study confirms the pathogenic role of rare CNVs in MR/DD, and provides additional evidence to evaluate the dosage sensitivity of some candidate genes. It also supports a population model of MR/DD that spontaneous mutations in males’ germline are major contributor to the de novo mutational burden in offspring, with higher penetrance in male than female; unaffected carriers of causative mutations, mostly females, then contribute to the inherited mutational burden.published_or_final_versio