Overexpression of β1 integrin contributes to polarity reversal and a poor prognosis of breast invasive micropapillary carcinoma

© Liu et al. Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast is a highly aggressive breast cancer. Polarity reversal exemplified by cluster growth is hypothesized to contribute to the invasiveness and metastasis of IMPC. In this study, we demonstrate that levels of β1 integrin and Rac1 expression were greater in breast IMPC than in invasive breast carcinoma of no specific type and paraneoplastic benign breast tissue. We show that silencing β1 integrin expression using the β1 integrin inhibitor AIIB2 partially restored polarity in IMPC primary cell clusters and downregulated Rac1. Thus, overexpression of β1 integrin upregulates Rac1. Univariate analysis showed that overexpression of β1 integrin and Rac1 was associated with breast cancer cell polarity reversal, lymph node metastasis, and poor disease-free survival in IMPC patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that polarity reversal was an independent predictor of poor disease-free survival. These findings indicate that overexpression of β1 integrin and the resultant upregulation of Rac1 contribute to polarity reversal and metastasis of breast IMPC, and that β1 integrin and Rac1 could be potential prognostic biomarkers and targets for treatment of breast IMPC

Motion for a Resolution tabled by Mr Barbi, Mr Vergeer, Mr Pedini, Mr Langes, Mr Penders, Mr Marck, Mrs Lenz, Mrs Walz, Mr Alber and Mrs Lentz-Cornette on behalf of the Group of the European People's Party (C-D Group) pursuant to Rule 47 of the Rules of Procedure on Nicaragua, Working Documents 1983-1984, Document 1-237/83, 26 April 1983

Peroxygenases offer an attractive means to address challenges in selective oxyfunctionalization chemistry. Despite this, their application in synthetic chemistry remains challenging due to their facile inactivation by the stoichiometric oxidant H2O2. Often atom-inefficient peroxide generation systems are required, which show little potential for large-scale implementation. Here, we show that visible-light-driven, catalytic water oxidation can be used for in situ generation of H2O2 from water, rendering the peroxygenase catalytically active. In this way, the stereoselective oxyfunctionalization of hydrocarbons can be achieved by simply using the catalytic system, water and visible light.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.BT/BiocatalysisBN/Greg Bokinsky La

Impact of the Kuroshio intrusion on the nutrient inventory in the upper northern South China Sea: insights from an isopycnal mixing model

Based on four cruises covering a seasonal cycle in 2009-2011, we examined the impact of the Kuroshio intrusion, featured by extremely oligotrophic waters, on the nutrient inventory in the central northern South China Sea (NSCS). The nutrient inventory in the upper 100m of the water column in the study area ranged from similar to 200 to similar to 290 mmol m(-2) for N+N (nitrate plus nitrite), from similar to 13 to similar to 24 mmol m(-2) for soluble reactive phosphate and from similar to 210 to similar to 430 mmol m(-2) for silicic acid. The nutrient inventory showed a clear seasonal pattern with the highest value appearing in summer, while the N+N inventory in spring and winter had a reduction of similar to 13 and similar to 30 %, respectively, relative to that in summer. To quantify the extent of the Kuroshio intrusion, an isopycnal mixing model was adopted to derive the proportional contribution of water masses from the SCS proper and the Kuroshio along individual isopycnal surfaces. The derived mixing ratio along the isopycnal plane was then employed to predict the genuine gradients of nutrients under the assumption of no biogeochemical alteration. These predicted nutrient concentrations, denoted as N-m, are solely determined by water mass mixing. Results showed that the nutrient inventory in the upper 100m of the NSCS was overall negatively correlated to the Kuroshio water fraction, suggesting that the Kuroshio intrusion significantly influenced the nutrient distribution in the SCS and its seasonal variation. The difference between the observed nutrient concentrations and their corresponding Nm allowed us to further quantify the nutrient removal/addition associated with the biogeochemical processes on top of the water mass mixing. We revealed that the nutrients in the upper 100m of the water column had a net consumption in both winter and spring but a net addition in fall.Based on four cruises covering a seasonal cycle in 2009-2011, we examined the impact of the Kuroshio intrusion, featured by extremely oligotrophic waters, on the nutrient inventory in the central northern South China Sea (NSCS). The nutrient inventory in the upper 100m of the water column in the study area ranged from similar to 200 to similar to 290 mmol m(-2) for N+N (nitrate plus nitrite), from similar to 13 to similar to 24 mmol m(-2) for soluble reactive phosphate and from similar to 210 to similar to 430 mmol m(-2) for silicic acid. The nutrient inventory showed a clear seasonal pattern with the highest value appearing in summer, while the N+N inventory in spring and winter had a reduction of similar to 13 and similar to 30 %, respectively, relative to that in summer. To quantify the extent of the Kuroshio intrusion, an isopycnal mixing model was adopted to derive the proportional contribution of water masses from the SCS proper and the Kuroshio along individual isopycnal surfaces. The derived mixing ratio along the isopycnal plane was then employed to predict the genuine gradients of nutrients under the assumption of no biogeochemical alteration. These predicted nutrient concentrations, denoted as N-m, are solely determined by water mass mixing. Results showed that the nutrient inventory in the upper 100m of the NSCS was overall negatively correlated to the Kuroshio water fraction, suggesting that the Kuroshio intrusion significantly influenced the nutrient distribution in the SCS and its seasonal variation. The difference between the observed nutrient concentrations and their corresponding Nm allowed us to further quantify the nutrient removal/addition associated with the biogeochemical processes on top of the water mass mixing. We revealed that the nutrients in the upper 100m of the water column had a net consumption in both winter and spring but a net addition in fall

Mechanical behavior and properties of hydrogen bonded graphene/polymer nano-interfaces

There is increasing evidence in literature for significant improvements in both toughness and strength of graphene-based nanocomposites through engineering their nano-interfaces with hydrogen bonds (H-bonds). However, the underlying mechanical behaviors and properties of these H-bonded interfaces at the microscopic level were still not experimentally clarified and evaluated. Herein, this work reports a study on the interfacial stress transfer between a monolayer graphene and a commonly used poly(-methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix under pristine vdW and modified H-bonding interactions. A nonlinear shear-lag model considering friction beyond linear bonding was proposed to understand evolution of interfacial stresses and further identify key interfacial parameters (such as interfacial stiffness, strength, frictional stress and adhesion energy) with the aid of in situ Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The present study can provide fundamental insight into the reinforcing mechanism and unique mechanical behavior of chemically modified graphene nano-interfaces and develop further a basis for interfacial optimal design of graphene-based high-performance nanocomposites. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd

Jumping instabilities in the post-buckling of a beam on a partial nonlinear foundation

Mode jumping is an instability phenomenon in the post-buckling region, which causes a sudden change in the equilibrium configuration and is thus harmful to structure. The configuration of a partial elastic foundation can directly induce mode coupling from the buckling stage and through the whole post-buckling region. The mode coupling effect due to the configuration of partial foundation on mode jumping is investigated and demonstrated to be an important factor of determining mode jumping. By properly choosing the partial elastic foundation configuration, mode jumping can be avoided.</p

Enhanced tensile ductility and strength of electrodeposited ultrafine-grained nickel with a desired bimodal microstructure

This work aims to use surfactant-assisted direct current electrodeposition technique to prepare four types of bimodal nickel, under different current densities. Bimodal Ni is obtained with different grain size and spatial distribution of CG and UFG areas showing a big disparity in mechanical properties. As a result of small population of coarse-grained surrounded by quite a lot of ultrafine-grained forming a unique shell-and-core bimodal structure, bimodal one present the best comprehensive mechanical properties with an ultrahigh tensile strength (similar to 847 MPa) and a considerable plastic strain (similar to 16.7%). Deformation initial, bimodal structures display more positive strain hardening to meaningful strains than unimodal structure of UFG and CG. Particularly bimodal one work-hardening rate is the highest thanks to its structure (UFG occupy 76.7% in total number fraction) and the distribution of growth twins. Growth twins in this article are referred to Sigma 3(111) coherent twins playing an important role in improving high strength, enhancing uniform plastic deformation ability

New progress in LURR-integrating with the dimensional method

The evolution laws of LURR (Loading-Unloading Response Ratio) before strong earthquakes, especially the peak point of LURR, are described in this paper. The results of four methods (experimental, numerical simulation, seismic data analysis and with damage mechanics analysis) lead to a consistent conclusion-the evolution laws of LURR before strong earthquakes are that, at the early stage of the seismic cycle, LURR will fluctuate around 1 and in the late stage, it rises swiftly and to its peak point. At some time after this peak point, a catastrophic event or events occur. These do not occur at the peak point, but lag behind. The lag time which is denoted by T (2) depends on the magnitude M of the upcoming earthquake among other factors. In order to consider the influence of geophysical parameters in a specific region such as E (a) and J ((t)), where is the shear strain rate of tectonic loading in situ, E (a) is the sum of radiated energy of all earthquake occurring in a specific region measured during a long time duration (110 years in this paper) divided by the area of the region and the time duration, and J ((t)) is a parameter denoting the LURR anomaly area weighted with Y (the value of LURR) and represents the expanse and degree of the seismogenic zone. The dimensional analysis method has been used to reveal the relation between M, T (2) and other parameters in situ for more reliable earthquake prediction

DNA nanostructure-based magnetic beads for potentiometric aptasensing

In this work, a simple, general, and sensitive potentiometric platform is presented, which allows potentiometric sensing to be applied to any class of molecule irrespective of the analyte charge. DNA nanostructures are self-assembled on magnetic beads via the incorporation of an aptamer into a hybridization chain reaction. The aptamer target binding event leads to the disassembly of the DNA nanostructures, which results in a dramatic change in the surface charge of the magnetic beads. Such a surface charge change can be sensitively detected by a polycation-sensitive membrane electrode using protamine as an indicator. With an endocrine disruptor bisphenol A as a model, the proposed potentiometric method shows a wide linear range from 0.1 to 100 nM with a low detection limit of 80 pM (3 sigma). The proposed sensing strategy will lay a foundation for the development of potentiometric sensors for highly sensitive and selective detection of various targets

Designing ultrafine lamellar eutectic structure in bimodal titanium alloys by semi-solid sintering

We report on a novel approach to design typical ultrafine lamellar eutectic structure in bimodal alloys fabricated by semi-solid sintering (SSS) of a eutectic mixture. In our work ultrafine lamellar eutectic structure was implemented by controlling the phase composition of eutectic reaction and consequently by regulating the structure of eutectic reaction-induced liquid phase through varying component number. Microstructure analysis indicate that although all SSSed alloys have the same three phase constitutions of bcc beta-Ti(Fe Co) and fcc Ti-2(Co Fe) the morphology and distribution of the eutectic structure transforms from limited length and minor quantity to partial fine alternating bcc beta-Ti and bcc Ti(Fe Co) lamellae and further to typical complete ultrafine alternating continuous lamellae in the SSSed ternary Ti-Fe-Co quaternary Ti-Fe-Co-Nb and quinary Ti-Fe-Co-Nb-Al alloys. Interestingly the SSSed Ti-Fe-Co-Nb-Al alloy presents a novel bimodal microstructure of coarse fcc Ti-2(Co Fe) surrounded by an ultrafine lamellar eutectic matrix containing ultrafine bcc beta-Ti and bcc Ti(Fe Co) lamellae. This bimodal microstructure exhibits ultra-high yield strength of 2050 MPa with plasticity in compression of 19.7% which exceed published values of equivalent materials. Our results provide a novel pathway for fabricating new-structure metallic alloys for high-performance structural applications. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p