Organic Sulphur Transfers in Coke Oven Gas via Noncatalytic Partial Oxidation

The organic sulfur transformation was studied during coke oven gas to produce syngas via noncatalytic partial oxidation. The concentration of CS2 and thiophene was examined in syngas by sulfide detector. For comparison, the sulfur transfer was also studied in coke oven gas under dry and hydrous conditions. When the ratio of O2 / Gas was 0.32, complete thiophene and about 83% of CS2 in feed gas could be transformed via noncatalytic partial oxidation in the dry condition. It was mainly because of burner nozzle unique structure forming local hyperthemia, which benefited OH, O free radical and active atoms. During steam transforming to produce syngas, the ratio of water to carbon was less than 3, a higher ratio of O2/Gas favored sulfur transformation. However, compared to dry feed, transforming rate of CS2 and thiophene was decreased. This indicates that the steam added was disadvantageous to the transformation of organic sulphur during the production of syngas by noncatalytic partial oxidation, steam and mass H2S in feed gas, resulting in the decrease of local hyperthermia temperature and the formation of organic sulfu

Mesoporous High‐Surface‐Area Copper–Tin Mixed‐Oxide Nanorods: Remarkable for Carbon Monoxide Oxidation

Mesoporous, high‐surface‐area Cu–Sn mixed‐oxide nanorods were fabricated for the first time by nanocasting with the use of mesoporous KIT‐6 silica as the hard template. The Cu–Sn nanorods are significantly more active than 1 % Pd/SnO2 for the oxidation of CO and possesses long‐term durability and potent water resistance; they thus have the potential to replace noble metal catalysts for emission‐control processes.In rod we trust: Mesoporous, high‐surface‐area Cu–Sn nanorods are successfully fabricated for the first time by nanocasting with the use of KIT‐6 silica as the hard template; these nanomaterials are significantly more active than 1 % Pd/SnO2 for the oxidation of CO, and furthermore, they have the potential to replace noble metal catalysts for emission control.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137536/1/cctc201600221.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137536/2/cctc201600221-sup-0001-misc_information.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/137536/3/cctc201600221_am.pd

Comments on the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage

张湘兰，武汉大学国际法研宄所教授、博士生导师。 朱强，武汉大学国际法研宄所博士研宄生，河海大学法律系讲师。【中文摘要】联合国教科文组织2001年《保护水下文化遗产公约》是国际社会保护水下文化遗产的第一个公约。由于水下文化遗产国际保护牵涉到众多棘手问 题，如沿海国和船旗国管辖权之争、考古学界和打捞业的利益矛盾、国家主权豁免 等，公约的起草过程争议重重。尽管最后文本受到了美英等海洋大国的非难，但 公约毕竟实现了各方利益的协调，原则上与《联合国海洋法公约》保持了一致。最 为重要的是，它为国际水下文化遗产保护提供了基本法律框架。 【Abstract】The 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Under¬water Cultural Heritage is the first international convention on the protection of underwater cultural heritage. The international protection of underwater cultural heritage faces many challenges including disputes of jurisdiction between coastal and flag States, conflicts of interest between the archaeological community and the salvage industry and issues on national sovereign immunities. These varying interests caused many disputes during the preparation of the Convention. Although the final Convention did not receive support from the USA, the UK and other sea powers, it did manage to coordinate the interests of all parties in a manner that was consistent with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Most importantly, the Convention provides a basic legal framework for the international protection of underwater cultural heritage

Investigation of lattice capacity effect on Cu²+-doped SnO₂ solid solution catalysts to promote reaction performance toward NOx-SCR with NH₃

To understand the effect of the doping amount of Cu²+ on the structure and reactivity of SnO₂ in NOx-SCR with NH3, a series of Sn-Cu-O binary oxide catalysts with different Sn/Cu ratios have been prepared and thoroughly characterized. Using the XRD extrapolation method, the SnO2 lattice capacity for Cu²+ cations is determined at 0.10 g CuO per g of SnO2, equaling a Sn/Cu molar ratio of 84/1

Association between the variability of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with coronary heart disease

BackgroundLowering lipid variability may be a potential strategy for improving the inflammatory state in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). This study investigated the association between the variability of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR).MethodsThis study enrolled 2,711 CHD patients subjected to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). During the 1-year follow-up period after PCI, the variability of non-HDL-C was assessed using standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), and variability independent of mean (VIM). NLR was calculated as the ratio of absolute neutrophil count to absolute lymphocyte count. The relationship between the non-HDL-C variability and the average NLR level during follow-ups was examined using a linear regression analysis.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 64.4 ± 10.8 years, with 72.4% being male. The average NLR level was 2.98 (2.26–4.14) during the follow-up (1 year after PCI). The variability of non-HDL-C was 0.42 (0.26–0.67) for SD, 0.17 (0.11–0.25) for CV, and 0.02 (0.01–0.03) for VIM. A locally weighted scatterplot smoothing curve indicates that the average levels of NLR increased with increasing variability of non-HDL-C. Regardless of the variability assessment method used, non-HDL-C variability was significantly positively associated with the average NLR level during follow-ups: SD [β (95% CI) = 0.681 (0.366–0.996)], CV [β (95% CI) = 2.328 (1.458–3.197)], and VIM [β (95% CI) = 17.124 (10.532–23.715)]. This association remained consistent across subgroups stratified by age, gender, diabetes, and hypertension.ConclusionThe variability of non-HDL-C was positively associated with NLR in patients with CHD, suggesting that reducing non-HDL-C variability may improve the low-grade inflammatory state in CHD patients

Clinical features and risk factors of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy in children with sepsis

Objective To investigate the clinical features and risk factors of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy in children with sepsis， aiming to provide reference for enhancing the diagnosis and treatment levels of clinicians. Methods Clinical data of children with sepsis were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into the sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy group and non-sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy group according to whether sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy occurred.Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between two groups. The risk factors of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy were analyzed. Results Three hundred and ninty-eight children with sepsis were included in this study， and the incidence of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy was 15.58%（62/398）. The age of children in the sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy group was 49 （18， 108） months， older than 19 （6， 52） months in the non-sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy group. The incidence of septic shock in the sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy group was 83.87%（52/62）， which was higher than 42.56% （143/336） in the non-sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy group. The mortality rate in the sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy group was 29.03% （18/62）， significantly higher than 14.58% （49/336） in the non-sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy group. All differences were statistically significant （all P < 0.05）.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the influence of age on sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy was statistically significant （OR=1.010， 95%CI 1.003-1.017， P = 0.006）. The higher the lactic acid level， the higher the risk of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy， with statistical significance （OR=1.163， 95%CI 1.034-1.308， P = 0.012）. The higher the cTnI level， the higher the risk of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy， with statistical significance （OR=9.929， 95%CI 4.651-21.197， P < 0.001）. Conclusions Compared with children with non-sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy， children with sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy are more prone to septic shock and have higher mortality. Age， lactic acid and cTnI levels are the independent influencing factors for sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy in children

Bayesian multimodel estimation of global terrestrial latent heat flux from eddy covariance, meteorological, and satellite observations

Accurate estimation of the satellite-based global terrestrial latent heat flux (LE) at high spatial and temporal scales remains a major challenge. In this study, we introduce a Bayesian model averaging (BMA) method to improve satellite-based global terrestrial LE estimation by merging five process-based algorithms. These are the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LE product algorithm, the revised remote-sensing-based Penman-Monteith LE algorithm, the Priestley-Taylor-based LE algorithm, the modified satellite-based Priestley-Taylor LE algorithm, and the semi-empirical Penman LE algorithm. We validated the BMA method using data for 2000–2009 and by comparison with a simple model averaging (SA) method and five process-based algorithms. Validation data were collected for 240 globally distributed eddy covariance tower sites provided by FLUXNET projects. The validation results demonstrate that the five process-based algorithms used have variable uncertainty and the BMA method enhances the daily LE estimates, with smaller root mean square errors (RMSEs) than the SA method and the individual algorithms driven by tower-specific meteorology and Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) meteorological data provided by the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO), respectively. The average RMSE for the BMA method driven by daily tower-specific meteorology decreased by more than 5 W/m2 for crop and grass sites, and by more than 6 W/m2 for forest, shrub, and savanna sites. The average coefficients of determination (R2) increased by approximately 0.05 for most sites. To test the BMA method for regional mapping, we applied it for MODIS data and GMAO-MERRA meteorology to map annual global terrestrial LE averaged over 2001–2004 for spatial resolution of 0.05°. The BMA method provides a basis for generating a long-term global terrestrial LE product for characterizing global energy, hydrological, and carbon cycles

The Long Noncoding RNA MALAT1 Induces Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells and Regulatory T Cells via miR155/Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin/IL10 Axis

By shaping T cell immunity, tolerogenic dendritic cells (tDCs) play critical roles in the induction of immune tolerance after transplantation. However, the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the function and immune tolerance of dendritic cells (DCs) is largely unknown. Here, we found that the lncRNA MALAT1 is upregulated in the infiltrating cells of tolerized mice with cardiac allografts and activated DCs. Functionally, MALAT1 overexpression favored a switch in DCs toward a tolerant phenotype. Mechanistically, ectopic MALAT1 promoted dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) expression by functioning as an miR155 sponge, which is essential for the tolerogenic maintenance of DCs and the DC-SIGN-positive subset with more potent tolerogenic ability. The adoptive transfer of MALAT1-overexpressing DCs promoted cardiac allograft survival and protected from the development of experimental autoimmune myocarditis, accompanied with increasing antigen-specific regulatory T cells. Therefore, overexpressed MALAT1 induces tDCs and immune tolerance in heart transplantation and autoimmune disease by the miRNA-155/DC-SIGH/IL10 axis. This study highlights that the lncRNA MALAT1 is a novel tolerance regulator in immunity that has important implications in settings in which tDCs are preferred

Administration of Interleukin-35-Conditioned Autologous Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Prolong Allograft Survival After Heart Transplantation

Background/Aims: IL-35, a powerful suppressor of inflammation and autoimmunity, is primarily secreted by regulatory T cells (Tregs) and can, in turn, promote Treg differentiation. However, the precise effect of IL-35 on dendritic cells (DCs) remains to be clarified. Methods: In this study, we investigated the expression of IL-35 in DCs after stimulation with LPS utilizing enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting, and the influence of IL-35 on the maturation and function of DCs by mixed lymphocyte reaction assay and flow cytometry. We further examined the regulation of IL-35 in DCs by the microRNA let-7i (let-7i) via transfected with let-7i mimic, inhibitor or suppressor of cytokine signalling 1 (SOCS1) siRNA. IL-35-overexpressing DCs were transfused into BALB/c recipients with C57BL/6 heart transplantations to verify the role of immune tolerance in transplantation. Results: The results showed that IL-35 expression was significantly up-regulated following lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced DC maturation. Overexpression of IL-35 suppressed DC maturation, promoted the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and subsequently affected the balance between Treg and Th17 cells. IL-35 expression in DCs was regulated by let-7i, which targets SOCS1. The transfusion of IL-35-transfected DCs induced Treg generation in mice and prolonged cardiac allograft survival. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that IL-35 induces tolerogenic DCs which are capable of alleviating allograft rejection. Clinical application of IL-35-treated DCs might be a promising approach for eliciting cardiac allograft immune tolerance