2-Chloro-1-[4-(2-fluoro­benz­yl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanone

In the title compound, C13H16ClFN2O, the piperazine ring is flanked by 1-(2-fluoro­benz­yl)piperazine and adopts a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the fluoro­phenyl ring and the four planar C atoms (r.m.s. = 0.0055 Å) of the piperazine chair is 78.27 (7)°, whereas the dihedral angle between the four planar C atoms of the piperazine chair and the ethanone plane is 55.21 (9) Å; the Cl atom displaced by1.589 (2) Å out of the plane

Clustered Distribution of Natural Product Leads of Drugs in the Chemical Space as Influenced by the Privileged Target-Sites

10.1038/srep09325Scientific Reports

Comparative study of two rolling bond process for super-thick Q235B

In paper, two rolling bond processes for heavy-gauge steel plate Q235B were studied and the processes were simulated by MARC software. The mechanical properties and microstructure at the interface were comparative analyzed for the two bonded plates using different rolling process. Using MARC software analysis for two rolling process, the ratio of equivalent stress in rolling process /yield stress in current temperature from surface to center portion was relatively uniform for rolling bonded

Towards a Framework of Operational-Risk Assessment for a Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship

Global research interest in the domain of maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) is dramatically increasing. With new prototypes planned to be set to the seas where various operational modes (OMs) are claimed, the issue of the safety evaluation of an MASS, and criteria for selecting the appropriate OM for given conditions remain open questions. This paper proposes a four-step risk-informed framework to assess risk in a scenario for an MASS operating at one of three OMs: manual control (MC), remote control (RC), and autonomous control (AC). To this end, the concept of risk priority numbers (RPNs), adopted from failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA), is utilized. The required parameters to defined RPNs are obtained in the course of analyzing a model MASS accident with expert knowledge. The applicability of the proposed framework is demonstrated via a model MASS case study. Results reveal that, in the same scenario, the risk of MASS varied across the analyzed OMs. On the basis of the aggregated results for each operational mode, suggestions for OM switching are put forward

Prediction Model of Human Error Probability in Autonomous Cargo Ships

Despite the use of automation technology in the maritime industry, human errors are still the typical navigational risk factors in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships with the third degree of autonomy, as defined by the International Maritime Organization. To analyse these human errors, a prediction model for human errors in the emergency disposal process is present. First, the risk factors are identified by analysing the emergency disposal behaviour process of a Shore Control Centre (SCC) under remote navigation mode. This is followed by the establishment of an event tree model of human errors using Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction (THERP). Furthers, a Bayesian Networks (BNs) model based on the THERP is proposed for the three stages: perception, decision, and execution. Subsequently, expert judgments based on the fuzzy theory are used to obtain the basic probability of root nodes and determine the conditional probability of each node in the BNs. Finally, the probabilities of human errors are calculated for the three stages, while the importance of human error factors is quantified with sensitivity analysis, which can provide flexible references for theoretical construction of the SCC and training of staff.Peer reviewe

Prediction Model of Human Error Probability in Autonomous Cargo Ships

Despite the use of automation technology in the maritime industry, human errors are still the typical navigational risk factors in Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships with the third degree of autonomy, as defined by the International Maritime Organization. To analyse these human errors, a prediction model for human errors in the emergency disposal process is present. First, the risk factors are identified by analysing the emergency disposal behaviour process of a Shore Control Centre (SCC) under remote navigation mode. This is followed by the establishment of an event tree model of human errors using Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction (THERP). Furthers, a Bayesian Networks (BNs) model based on the THERP is proposed for the three stages: perception, decision, and execution. Subsequently, expert judgments based on the fuzzy theory are used to obtain the basic probability of root nodes and determine the conditional probability of each node in the BNs. Finally, the probabilities of human errors are calculated for the three stages, while the importance of human error factors is quantified with sensitivity analysis, which can provide flexible references for theoretical construction of the SCC and training of staff.Peer reviewe

Effect of Deformation Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Internal Crack Healing in As-Cast 30Cr2Ni4MoV Steel

Crack defects seriously affected the quality of heavy forgings, which needed to be eliminated by forging process. In this study, the healing process of internal crack defects was studied under different deformation parameters. The internal crack was produced by drilling the sample of 30Cr2Ni4MoV steel and then compressing the sample with different deformation. The microstructure of the crack healing zone was observed using an optical microscope. Meanwhile, the static and dynamic mechanical properties of the crack healing zone were tested by room-temperature tensile tests and impact tests, respectively. The results showed that dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and grain growth were the main factors for internal crack healing. When the forging ratio (FR) was 1.5, the cracks at the corner of the void began to heal, which was caused by DRX. At FR 2.0, the DRX was completed and the center crack was completely healed. The tensile properties of crack healing zones were restored to more than 95% of the base material. As the FR increased to 2.2, the elongation increased slightly and the yield strength decreased slightly, which indicated that the grain growth played an important role in the plastic recovery and DRX played an important role in strength recovery. The dynamic mechanical properties of the crack healing zone gradually increased with the increase of deformation. Furthermore, the maximum value of impact toughness reached FR 2.0, and the recovery rate of impact toughness was above 96%. When the deformation continues to increase, the grains grew up after DRX, which made the impact energy decrease

Effect of grain size on springback and system energy in micro V-bending with phosphor bronze foil

In this paper, the effect of grain size on springback in the micro V-bending process of phosphor bronze foil (face-centered cubic structure) is investigated. Grain size effect is expressed by the ratio of material thickness (T) to average grain size (D), and these T/D values are divided into three groups: larger than 1, less than 1, and approximately equal to 1. It has been found that springback angles were the lowest when T/D ≈ 1. Electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) measurement results show that the twinning boundaries change with the ratios of T/D before and after bending. When T/D \u3e 1, the high relative frequency of Σ3 implies that the specimen has a high system energy, which can result in large springback behavior. The equal relative frequencies of Σ3 for specimens with three ratios also prove that twinning boundaries can be regarded as an indicator of system energy. The effect of grain size on grain reorientation during bending is also discussed, and it was found that the least quantities of high surface energy {110} planes in the T/D ≈ 1 material could contribute to the least springback angles

Deformation work in strip tension leveling

In tension leveling, elongation is determined by a combination of tension and deformation curvature, so how to set up optimization of the processing parameters has been emphasized by researchers. In this paper, the deformation work in tension leveling was introduced. According to the calculation used in a tension leveler, the tension and deformation curvature which results in less deformation work under a certain elongation is presented. The method can determine the leveling processes parameters for different strip with various properties and sizes

Analysis of tension and deformation curvature in strip tension levelling

In this paper, a new method considering the combination of tension and deformation curvature which results in less deformation energy under a certain elongation is presented at the first time. The calculation results show that when the elongation is less than 1 %, the tension which is about 1/6 yield stress will consume less energy. If the tension decreases from 1/4 to 1/8 yield stress, the deformation energy of strip with yield stress of greater than 450 MPa decreases significantly. This study can help determine the processes parameters of strip tension levelling effectively