Spatial-Aware Multi-Level Parsing Network for Human-Object Interaction

Human-Object Interaction (HOI) detection focuses on human-centered visual relationship detection, which is a challenging task due to the complexity and diversity of image content. Unlike most recent HOI detection works that only rely on paired instance-level information in the union range, our proposed Spatial-aware Multilevel Parsing Network (SMPNet) uses a multi-level information detection strategy, including instance-level visual features of detected human-object pair, part-level related features of the human body, and scene-level features extracted by the graph neural network. After fusing the three levels of features, the HOI relationship is predicted. We validate our method on two public datasets, V-COCO and HICO-DET. Compared with prior works, our proposed method achieves the state-of-the-art results on both datasets in terms of mAProle, which demonstrates the effectiveness of our proposed multi-level information detection strategy

Evolution and vulnerability analysis of the global trade pattern in the lithium industry chain

[Objective] This study aims to simulate the vulnerability of the lithium industry trade network in the event of interruption risks. The goal is to effectively identify key nodes and potential risks in the network, providing decision support for optimizing trade patterns and avoiding interruption risks. [Methods] Analyzing the evolution of the lithium industry trade pattern based on trade flow methods, intentional attack simulations were conducted to assess the vulnerability of the lithium industry trade network after trade interruptions occurred in the top 10% of nodes by PageRank centrality. [Results] The research reveals: (1) The global trade pattern of the lithium industry chain is undergoing profound restructuring and transformation, with China’s position highlighted in the global trade network. (2) Invulnerability in the upstream network of the lithium industry chain has improved during the sample period, while the risk resistance capabilities of the midstream and downstream networks are relatively stable. (3) The vulnerability ranking of the lithium industry chain is downstream < midstream < upstream. When trade interruptions occur in the top 10% of global key nodes, the overall performance of the upstream, midstream, and downstream trade networks decreases by an average of 60%, 35%, and 23.5%, respectively. [Conclusion] To maintain the security and stability of China’s and the global lithium industry, the following measures should be implemented: enhance and refine safety risk warning and emergency support mechanisms within the lithium industry chain; establish a cooperative, win-win framework among key stakeholders in the lithium industry chain to bolster positive response capabilities across the industry, supply chain, and value chain; and improve domestic self-sufficiency and global allocation capabilities for lithium resources

Site-specific selection reveals selective constraints and functionality of tumor somatic mtDNA mutations.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated that tumor mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are primarily shaped by relaxed negative selection, which is contradictory to the critical roles of mtDNA mutations in tumorigenesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that site-specific selection may influence tumor mtDNA mutations. METHODS: To test our hypothesis, we developed the largest collection of tumor mtDNA mutations to date and evaluated how natural selection shaped mtDNA mutation patterns. RESULTS: Our data demonstrated that both positive and negative selections acted on specific positions or functional units of tumor mtDNAs, although the landscape of these mutations was consistent with the relaxation of negative selection. In particular, mutation rate (mutation number in a region/region bp length) in complex V and tRNA coding regions, especially in ATP8 within complex V and in loop and variable regions within tRNA, were significantly lower than those in other regions. While the mutation rate of most codons and amino acids were consistent with the expectation under neutrality, several codons and amino acids had significantly different rates. Moreover, the mutations under selection were enriched for changes that are predicted to be deleterious, further supporting the evolutionary constraints on these regions. CONCLUSION: These results indicate the existence of site-specific selection and imply the important role of the mtDNA mutations at some specific sites in tumor development

Related factors of vision recovery after complex traumatic and non-traumatic retinal detachment

AIM: To investigate the visual recovery factors in patients with complex traumatic and non-traumatic retinal detachment. METHODS: According to the history of ocular trauma before admission, 135 patients with complex retinal detachment were divided into traumatic group(n=66, 66 eyes)and non-traumatic group(n=69, 69 eyes). The results of visual recovery and complications were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of visual recovery in the two groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the recovery rate between the two groups within 24h after surgery(77.3% vs 78.3%, P>0.05), and there was no significant difference in the total incidence of complications at 3mo after surgery(18.2% vs 17.4%, P>0.05). Multifactorial Logistic regression analysis showed significant correlation between age, injury type, time since retinal detachment, rage of retinal detachment, preoperative vitreous blood, proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)and postoperative visual recovery in patients with complex traumatic retinal detachment(PPCONCLUSION: Age, time since retinal detachment and rage of retinal detachment were significantly associated with traumatic and non-traumatic retinal detachment. The injury type, preoperative vitreous hemorrhage, PVR were significantly correlated with the visual recovery of traumatic retinal detachment patients. The condition of macular was significantly associated with the visual recovery of non-traumatic retinal detachment patients

Noninvasive Submillimeter-Precision Brain Stimulation by Optically-Driven Focused Ultrasound

High precision neuromodulation is a powerful tool to decipher neurocircuits and treat neurological diseases. Current non-invasive neuromodulation methods offer limited millimeter-level precision. Here, we report an optically-driven focused ultrasound (OFUS) for non-invasive brain stimulation with submillimeter precision. OFUS is generated by a soft optoacoustic pad (SOAP) fabricated through embedding candle soot nanoparticles in a curved polydimethylsiloxane film. SOAP generates a transcranial ultrasound focus at 15 MHz with a lateral resolution of 83 micrometers, which is two orders of magnitude smaller than that of conventional transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS). Effective OFUS neurostimulation in vitro with a single ultrasound cycle is shown. Submillimeter transcranial stimulation of mouse motor cortex in vivo is demonstrated. An acoustic energy of 0.02 J/cm^2, two orders of magnitude less than that of tFUS, is sufficient for successful OFUS neurostimulation. By delivering a submillimeter focus non-invasively, OFUS opens a new way for neuroscience studies and disease treatments.Comment: 36 pages, 5 main figures, 13 supplementary figure