Socialism nationalism and European integration: the development of theory and practice

The late twentieth century has seen a triple crisis on the left: a crisis of socialism in all its mainstream expressions, a crisis of the state, but also a reaffirmation of the appeals of nationalism. The thesis is an attempt to examine the relationship between these developments in the context of the process of European integration. It starts with the difficult relation between socialism and nationalism, from the founding fathers of scientific socialism, through to their followers in the so-called golden age of socialism, and the practice of the Internationals, It looks briefly at the way the German SPD and the French Socialists reacted to the process of European integration, showing the predominance of national interests, which combined with the internal party problems and socialist beliefs, resulted m a confusion manifested in their rhetoric and vocabulary. An account is offered of some socialist thinkers who paid attention to European integration in the 1970s. The French Rocardians, Ernest Mandel and Johan Galtung are shown to have failed to understand the importance of nationalism and remained preoccupied with statism. The exception is Altiero Spinelli, who, as both thinker and practitioner, developed a unique non-doctrinaire vision of socialism, coupled with an understanding of national differences. His federalism and his pro-European stance incorporated notions and ideas that were to dominate the socialist discourse of today. Finally there is an examination of issues that currently dominate the discussion about the future of socialism. These can be divided into arguments about the state, the working class and the new radicalism, and democracy and the ideas of choice, rights, autonomy and the market. Spinelli had touched upon all these issues with a particular reference to European integration and opened up for socialists the European horizon. In conclusion, it is argued that while European integration is not a socialist enterprise, it might be used to further its aims

Multimedia application for teaching the basics of lighting in physics classes

The creation of a simple or an interactive multimedia (MM) system can improve the presentation of a project and, in the case of the study of lighting, it can facilitate the appropriate decision-making processing, bringing a new dimension to science teaching and learning (Jackson 2008). This paper gives a case study of the effects of lighting in a residence in Athens. A simpleMM presentation via a 3D model with animation has been prepared. The case study reveals: (i) the appropriateness of the MM presentation in a lighting design, (ii) the appropriateness of the MM presentation in teaching lighting in physics classes

HOW DO WE VISUALIZE MOBILE DEVICES’ CONTENT FOR INEXPERIENCED USERS: A TASK FOR DESIGNERS

The purpose of the present study concerns the examination of a scenario involving the visualizing of content at mobile devicesplatforms and their respective applications. The scenario follows certain design principles that cater for interaction with inexperienced users within the interface of mobile devices. The visual design of an artifact obviously influences the way in which a user will interact with it. Gestalt laws and principles form one possible framework for the collection of helpful design guidelines. Based on field research, a prototype has been developed according to these principles. The results of a evaluation by users on the proposed visualization of content, are finally discussed

Use of mine planning software for the evaluation of resources and reserves of a sedimentary nickel deposit

Η χρήση λογισμικού μεταλλευτικού σχεδιασμού για την αξιολόγηση κοιτασμάτων και την εκτίμηση ορυκτών πόρων και αποθεμάτων είναι διαδεδομένη και θεωρείται προϋπόθεση για την αναφορά αποθεμάτων με βάση διεθνή πρότυπα και κώδικες αναφοράς. Οι βασικές αρχές λειτουργίας και εφαρμογής αυτών των κωδικών είναι η διαφάνεια του αναφερόμενου υλικού, η σχετικότητα των αναφερόμενων πληροφοριών (ουσιαστικότητα) και η επάρκεια των ατόμων που εμπλέκονται στην παραγωγή των αναφορών. Η εφαρμογή ειδικού λογισμικού μεταλλευτικού σχεδιασμού που περιγράφεται στην εργασία αυτή λαμβάνει χώρα στα λειτουργικά μεταλλεία ιζηματογενών κοιτασμάτων νικελίου στην Κεντρική Εύβοια. Περιλαμβάνει όλα τα στάδια της επεξεργασίας ερευνητικών δεδομένων συμπεριλαμβανομένης της εισαγωγής, ανάλυσης, επεξεργασίας και μοντελοποίησης των δεδομένων, της γεωστατιστικής εκτίμησης των ποσοτήτων και ποιοτήτων των ορυκτών πόρων και αποθεμάτων, και το σχεδιασμό, βελτιστοποίηση και προγραμματισμό των μεταλλευτικών δραστηριοτήτων.The use of mine planning software in the evaluation of deposits and estimation of mineral resources and reserves has become widespread and is considered a prerequisite for the reporting of reserves according to international reporting standards and codes. The main principles of operation and application of these codes are transparency of reported material, the relevance of reported information (materiality) and the competence of people involved in producing the reports. The application of specialised mine planning software described in this paper currently takes place at operational mines of sedimentary nickel deposits in Central Evia, Greece. It involves all stages of processing of exploration data including entry, analysis, processing and modelling of data, geostatistical estimation of quantities and qualities of mineral resources and mineral reserves, and the design, optimisation and scheduling of mining operations

Prohibition of parallel Imports as a hard core Restriction of Article 4 of Block Exception Regulation for vertical Agreements: European Law and Economics

This paper attempts, on the one hand, to reveal the main principles of Competition Law (regulatory and case law framework) covering the prevention of parallel trade, mainly the prohibition of parallel imports or exports, and on the other hand to cast light on the main effects of parallel imports prohibition imposed by an upstream supplier on the competitive structure of the downstream market. Especially, the regulatory framework relates Block Exception Regulation 330/2010, (ex Block Exception Regulation 2790/99), with Block Exception Regulation 461/2010 (ex Block Exception Regulation 1400/2002) in order to determine whether prohibition of parallel trade constitutes a hardcore restriction or not, while the economic analysis evaluates it in a geographical vertical market which constitutes an upstream and a downstream market with few suppliers & buyers respectively which sell goods to the final (domestic) consumers. The results indicate that prohibition of parallel imports by the upstream sellers causes vertical restraints to the domestic customers of the buyers

Prohibition of parallel imports as a hard core restriction of article 4 of block exception regulation for vertical agreements: European law and economics

This paper attempts to highlight the main principles of Competition Law (regulatory and case law framework) covering the prohibition of parallel imports and to reveal the main effects of it on the competitive structure of the market. Especially, the regulatory framework relates Block Exception Regulation 330/2010 with Block Exception Regulation 461/2010 in order to determine whether prohibition of parallel imports constitutes a hardcore restriction or not, while the economic analysis evaluates it in a vertical market with few suppliers & buyers which sell goods to the final (domestic) consumers. The results indicate that the prohibition of parallel imports by upstream sellers cause vertical restraints to the domestic customers of the buyers. In any case, this paper focusing mainly on consumer welfare, does not necessarily link parallel imports with the notion of parallel trade and/or parallel exports as well as it does not provide the pros and cons of parallel trade

Étude transculturelle sur la satisfaction de vie et le bien-être chez les étudiants universitaires d'origine grecque et québécoise

Ce mémoire a pour double objectif de déterminer jusqu'à quel point un système de valeurs collectiviste est plus représentatif d'un groupe d'étudiants universitaires grecs de seconde génération vivant au Québec que d'un groupe équivalent d'étudiants québécois, et de vérifier son éventuel lien avec le niveau de bien-être rapporté. Pour examiner ces questions, quarante-six étudiants d'origine grecque et soixante d'origine québécoise répondent au Questionnaire Universitaire International 2001 (Diener 2001) composé d'énoncés en rapport avec le bien-être subjectif, les émotions, les croyances et les valeurs personnelles. Des comparaisons inter-groupes démontrent que les étudiants grecs de seconde génération accordent une importance plus grande que les Québécois aux valeurs collectivistes, alors que les deux groupes étudiés accordent une importance similaire aux valeurs individualistes. Des analyses de régression multiple permettent également de déterminer que le collectivisme horizontal influence le bien-être subjectif des étudiants grecs de seconde génération alors qu'aucune des valeurs de l'Échelle d'individualisme et de collectivisme ne semble influencer le bien-être des étudiants québécois. Par ailleurs, les résultats à l' Échelle de la satisfaction de vie globale suggèrent que le niveau de satisfaction de vie des étudiants d'origine grecque est moins élevé que celui des Québécois. Ces résultats permettent d'établir qu'il existe un lien entre le système de valeurs privilégié par les étudiants universitaires grecs de seconde génération et leur niveau de bien-être

Prohibition of parallel Imports as a hard core Restriction of Article 4 of Block Exception Regulation for vertical Agreements: European Law and Economics

This paper attempts, on the one hand, to reveal the main principles of Competition Law (regulatory and case law framework) covering the prevention of parallel trade, mainly the prohibition of parallel imports or exports, and on the other hand to cast light on the main effects of parallel imports prohibition imposed by an upstream supplier on the competitive structure of the downstream market. Especially, the regulatory framework relates Block Exception Regulation 330/2010, (ex Block Exception Regulation 2790/99), with Block Exception Regulation 461/2010 (ex Block Exception Regulation 1400/2002) in order to determine whether prohibition of parallel trade constitutes a hardcore restriction or not, while the economic analysis evaluates it in a geographical vertical market which constitutes an upstream and a downstream market with few suppliers & buyers respectively which sell goods to the final (domestic) consumers. The results indicate that prohibition of parallel imports by the upstream sellers causes vertical restraints to the domestic customers of the buyers

Prohibition of Parallel Imports as a Hard Core Restriction of Article 4 of Block Exemption Regulation for Vertical Agreements: European Law and Economics

This paper attempts to highlight the main principles of Competition Law (regulatory and case law framework) covering the prohibition of parallel imports and to reveal the main effects of it on the competitive structure of the market. Especially, the regulatory framework relates Block Exception Regulation 330/2010 with Block Exception Regulation 461/2010 in order to determine whether prohibition of parallel imports constitutes a hardcore restriction or not, while the economic analysis evaluates it in a vertical market with few suppliers & buyers which sell goods to the final (domestic) consumers. The results indicate that the prohibition of parallel imports by upstream sellers cause vertical restraints to the domestic customers of the buyers. In any case, this paper focusing mainly on consumer welfare, does not necessarily link parallel imports with the notion of parallel trade and/or parallel exports as well as it does not provide the pros and cons of parallel trade