270 research outputs found

    Irreducible representations of simple Lie algebras by differential operators

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    We describe a systematic method to construct arbitrary highest-weight modules, including arbitrary finite-dimensional representations, for any finite dimensional simple Lie algebra g\mathfrak{g}. The Lie algebra generators are represented as first order differential operators in 12(dim⁑gβˆ’rank g)\frac{1}{2} \left(\dim \mathfrak{g} - \text{rank} \, \mathfrak{g}\right) variables. All rising generators e{\bf e} are universal in the sense that they do not depend on representation, the weights enter (in a very simple way) only in the expressions for the lowering operators f{\bf f}. We present explicit formulas of this kind for the simple root generators of all classical Lie algebras

    Thermal instability of monoalkyl esters of phthalic acid during their gas chromatographic separation

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    ΠœΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ эфиры Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠ»-1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ (Ρ„Ρ‚Π°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ) кислоты ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ основными ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° (частичного Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°) Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»Ρ„Ρ‚Π°Π»Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Π² качСствС пластификаторов ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ° возмоТностСй газохроматографичСского ΠΈ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎ-масс-спСктромСтричСского Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… (Б₁-Б₇) эфиров ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ эти соСдинСния тСрмичСски Π½Π΅ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»Π°Π³Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² хроматографичСской ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ΅, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π°Ρ…. УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ основноС Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ дСструкции ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»Ρ„Ρ‚Π°Π»Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² газохроматографичСской ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎ извСстному процСссу ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π° с ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… спиртов ΠΈ Ρ„Ρ‚Π°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π°. По этой ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅ для раздСлСния моноэфиров Ρ„Ρ‚Π°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ кислоты Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ максимально ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈ с Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ стандартных нСполярных Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Π°Π· ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ минимальной скорости программирования Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡ‚ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ удСрТивания Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ, ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… тСрмичСскоС Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Высказано ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ с ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ„Ρ‚Π°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ Π²Ρ‹ΡΠΎΠΊΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ (Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ½Π½ΡƒΡŽ) ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»Ρ„Ρ‚Π°Π»Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² для Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ….Monoalkyl esters of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic (phthalic) acid are the main metabolites (products of the partial hydrolysis) of dialkyl phthalates widely used as ingredients of polymeric compositions. Testing the possibilities of GC and GC-MS analysis of the simplest monoalkyl (C₁-C₇) esters indicates these compounds are thermally unstable and decompose in a chromatographic column during separation that may complicate their determination. The principal way of monoalkyl phthalate decomposition is similar to the known process of their pyrolysis with formation of corresponding alkanols and phthalic anhydride. It is concluded that GC analysis of these monoesters can be provided using short WCOT columns with thin layers of non-polar stationary phases at the smooth temperature ramps. It allows to reduce retention temperature of such analytes and, hence, to minimize their thermal decomposition. It is proposed that just the possibility of phthalic anhydride formation in the result of decomposition explains us high toxicity (including endocrine disruptions) of monoalkyl phthalates for mammals

    Features of the gas chromatographic analysis of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids

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    Π˜Π·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ прямого газохроматографичСского Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… Ρ‚Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ… полярных соСдинСний ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ алифатичСскиС Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ кислоты ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ. Π—Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ‡Π°ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… индСксов удСрТивания этих соСдинСний характСризуСтся сущСствСнным разбросом ΠΈ прСдставляСтся ΠΎΡˆΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠΉ. Подобная ΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ присуща значСниям ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΡ… Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-химичСских свойств (Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π° плавлСния, Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈ Ρ‚.Π΄.). Π’Ρ‹ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ° возмоТностСй газохроматографичСского ΠΈ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ‚ΠΎ-масс-спСктромСтричСского Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ… Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… кислот Π½Π° стандартных нСполярных полидимСтилсилоксановых Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Π°Π·Π°Ρ… (BPX-1, RTX-5). УстановлСно, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ соСдинСния этого ряда (Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, глутаровая кислота) ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· разлоТСния, для Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎ взаимодСйствиС с растворитСлСм (щавСлСвая), Π° Π² Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… случаях СдинствСнными рСгистрируСмыми ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Ρ‹ тСрмичСской дСструкции (лимонная). Π’Π°ΠΊ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ раствора Ρ‰Π°Π²Π΅Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ кислоты Π² ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ спиртС зафиксировано ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄Π²ΡƒΡ… слоТных эфиров - ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ»- ΠΈ диизопропилоксалатов.The literature data indicates that the results of gas chromatographic analysis of such low-volatile polar compounds as aliphatic dicarboxylic acids are characterized by high irreproducibility. Most of the previously published GC retention indices seem to be very spread out and appear to be erroneous. Similar irreproducibility is typical for some other physicochemical properties of these acids, namely melting temperatures, water solubility, etc. The experimental testing of the possibilities of gas chromatographic and/or GC-MS analysis of simplest dicarboxylic acids using standard non-polar polydimethylsiloxane stationary phases (BPX-1, RTX-5) has been fulfilled. It indicates that some compounds of this series (e.g., glutaric acid) are determined without decomposition, for others the interaction with solvent is typical (oxalic acid), and in some cases the single compounds observed are the products of thermal destruction (citric acid). Namely, the analysis of the solution of oxalic acid in isopropyl alcohol permits us to detect two esters - monoisopropyl and diisopropyl oxalates

    FEATURES OF THE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF ALIPHATIC DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS

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    The literature data indicates that the results of gas chromatographic analysis of such low-volatile polar compounds as aliphatic dicarboxylic acids are characteriΒ­zed by high irreproducibility. Most of the previously published GC retention indices seem to be very spread out and appear to be erroneous. Similar irreproducibility is typical for some other physicochemical properties of these acids, namely melting temperatures, water solubility, etc. The experimental testing of the possibilities of gas chromatographic and/or GC-MS analysis of simplest dicarboxylic acids using standard non-polar polydimethylsiloxane stationary phases (BPX-1, RTX-5) has been fulfilled.Β  It indicates that some comΒ­poΒ­unds of this series (e.g., glutaric acid) are determined without decomposition, for others the interaction with solvent is typical (oxalic acid), and in some cases the single compounds observed are the products of thermal destrucΒ­tion (citric acid). Namely, the analysis of the solution of oxalic acid in isopropyl alcohol permits us to detect two esters – monoisopropyl and diisopropyl oxalates.Keywords: Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, gas chromatographic analysis, irreproducibility, thermal decomposition(Russian)DOI: 10.15826/analitika.2015.19.1.001Β Igor G. Zenkevich,Β  Lilia N. FakhretdinovaSt. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian FederationΒ  Β  Β  Β Β Β The literature data indicates that the results of gas chromatographic analysis of such low-volatile polar compounds as aliphatic dicarboxylic acids are characteriΒ­zed by high irreproducibility. Most of the previously published GC retention indices seem to be very spread out and appear to be erroneous. Similar irreproducibility is typical for some other physicochemical properties of these acids, namely melting temperatures, water solubility, etc. The experimental testing of the possibilities of gas chromatographic and/or GC-MS analysis of simplest dicarboxylic acids using standard non-polar polydimethylsiloxane stationary phases (BPX-1, RTX-5) has been fulfilled.Β  It indicates that some comΒ­poΒ­unds of this series (e.g., glutaric acid) are determined without decomposition, for others the interaction with solvent is typical (oxalic acid), and in some cases the single compounds observed are the products of thermal destrucΒ­tion (citric acid). Namely, the analysis of the solution of oxalic acid in isopropyl alcohol permits us to detect two esters – monoisopropyl and diisopropyl oxalates.Keywords: Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, gas chromatographic analysis, irreproducibility, thermal decomposition.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2015.19.1.00

    Π’Π•Π ΠœΠ˜Π§Π•Π‘ΠšΠΠ― ΠΠ•Π‘Π’ΠΠ‘Π˜Π›Π¬ΠΠžΠ‘Π’Π¬ ΠœΠžΠΠžΠΠ›ΠšΠ˜Π›ΠžΠ’Π«Π₯ Π­Π€Π˜Π ΠžΠ’ Π€Π’ΠΠ›Π•Π’ΠžΠ™ ΠšΠ˜Π‘Π›ΠžΠ’Π« Π’ Π£Π‘Π›ΠžΠ’Π˜Π―Π₯ Π“ΠΠ—ΠžΠ₯Π ΠžΠœΠΠ’ΠžΠ“Π ΠΠ€Π˜Π§Π•Π‘ΠšΠžΠ“Πž Π ΠΠ—Π”Π•Π›Π•ΠΠ˜Π―

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    Monoalkyl esters of benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic (phthalic) acid are the main metabolites (products of the partial hydrolysis) of dialkyl phthalates widely used as ingredients of polymeric compositions. Testing the possibilities of GC and GC-MS analysis of the simplest monoalkyl (C1-C7) esters indicates these compounds are thermally unstable and decompose in a chromatographic column during separation that may complicate their determination. The principal way of monoalkyl phthalate decomposition is similar to the known process of their pyrolysis with formation of corresponding alkanols and phthalic anhydride. It is concluded that GC analysis of these monoesters can be provided using short WCOT columns with thin layers of non-polar stationary phases at the smooth temperature ramps. It allows to reduce retention temperature of such analytes and, hence, to minimize their thermal decomposition. It is proposed that just the possibility of phthalic anhydride formation in the result of decomposition explains us high toxicity (including endocrine disruptions) of monoalkyl phthalates for mammals.Keywords:Β  Phthalic acid monoalkyl esters, gas chromatographic analysis, thermal instability, chemical interpretation of toxicity(Russian)DOI:Β http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2015.19.2.013Β Igor G. Zenkevich,Β  Lilia N. FakhretdinovaΒ St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russian FederationΠœΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ эфиры Π±Π΅Π½Β­Π·ΠΎΠ»-1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ (Ρ„Ρ‚Π°Β­Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ) кислоты ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ основными ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° (частичного Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°) Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»Β­Ρ„Ρ‚Π°Π»Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Π² качСствС пластификаторов ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Β­Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Ρ€ΠΊΠ° возмоТностСй газохроматографичСского ΠΈ Ρ…Ρ€ΠΎΒ­ΠΌΠ°Β­Ρ‚ΠΎ-масс-спСк­т­ромСтри­чСс­кого Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΉΡˆΠΈΡ… ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… (Π‘1–Б7) эфиров ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π°, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ эти соСдинСния тСр­ми­чСски Π½Π΅ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»Π°Β­Π³Π°Β­ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² хроматографичСской ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ΅, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΒ­ΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΒ­Π½ΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°Ρ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Β­Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Β­Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ†Π°Ρ…. Установ­лС­но, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ос­новноС Π½Π°Β­ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Β­Π½ΠΈΠ΅ дСструкции ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»Ρ„Ρ‚Π°Π»Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Π² газохроматографичСской ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Β­Π½ΠΎ извСстному про­цСссу ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΈΒ­Ρ€ΠΎΒ­Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° с ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… спиртов ΠΈ Ρ„Ρ‚Π°Β­Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Β­Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π°. По этой ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½Π΅ для раздСлСния моноэфи­ров Ρ„Ρ‚Π°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ кислоты Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΈΡΒ­ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΒ­Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ максимально ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈ с Ρ‚ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Β­ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ стандартных нСполярных Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ„Π°Π· ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ минимальной ско­рости программирования Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΒ­Ρ€Ρ‹, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΒ­Π»ΠΈΡ‚ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ удСрТивания Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π°Π½Π°Β­Π»ΠΈΒ­Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ, ΡΠ»Π΅Β­Π΄ΠΎΒ­Π²Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΈΡ… тСрмичСскоС Ρ€Π°Π·Β­Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Выска­за­но ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ с ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ„Ρ‚Π°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Β­Π³ΠΈΠ΄Β­Ρ€ΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΒ­ΡΡΒ­Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ Π²Ρ‹Β­ΡΠΎΒ­ΠΊΡƒΡŽ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ (Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ числС ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΠΈΠ½Β­Π½ΡƒΡŽ) ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π»Β­ΠΊΠΈΠ»Ρ„Ρ‚Π°Β­Π»Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² для Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ….Β ΠšΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²Ρ‹Π΅ слова:Β  ΠœΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ°Π»ΠΊΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ эфиры Ρ„Ρ‚Π°Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ кислоты, газохромато­графичСс­коС Ρ€Π°Π·Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, тСрмичСская Π½Π΅ΡΡ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, химичСская интСр­прС­та­ция токсичностиDOI:Β http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/analitika.2015.19.2.01

    Directed energy transfer due to orientational broadenning of energy levels in photosynthetic pigment solutions

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    The directed non-radiative energy transfer through monomeric molecules of chlorophyll β€œa” and pheophytin β€œa” at high concentrations (c ~ 10⁻²) in a rigid matrix of polyvinylbutyral has been found by using the nanosecond laser spectrofluorimeter. The phenomenon is caused by orientational broadening of pigment molecular spectra owing to its interaction with a solvent. The observed temporal shift of the luminescence spectrum to the red region in a nanosecond time scale as well as the red shift of the time integrated spectrum at a high concentration of pigment molecules and the monotonic growth of the luminescence lifetime with a shift to the red region of the spectrum served as indications of the directed energy transfer in the sample. The non-radiative energy transfer from monomeric molecules towards aggregates is also directly demonstrated by the deformation of instantaneous luminescence spectra in the long-wavelength range (Ξ» > 700 nm). The role and the possibility of the directed energy transfer between molecules with orientationally broadened spectra in the biological systems are discussed
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