仮名字体研究における「学術情報交換用変体仮名」の検証と応用

国立国語研究所 研究系 言語変化研究領域 非常勤研究員Adjunct Researcher, Language Change Division, Research Department, NINJAL「学術情報交換用変体仮名」（以下，学術用）は，変体仮名をISO/IEC10646に提案するために選別されたものであり，本稿はそれに先駆けて，仮名字体研究における学術用の利用方法を模索したものである。まずは変体仮名の用いられているテキストに学術用を当てはめ，その有用性を検証した。検証には『秋萩帖』，『源氏物語』より「柏木」「桐壺」，『仮名書き法華経』の四種のテキストを用いた。その上で，従来の仮名字体研究においてはあまり扱われてこなかった「連綿」に注目し，学術用で作成した字体のデータベースに連綿に関する項目を加え，字体の使い分けの要因を新たな視点で検証する研究を試みた。This study selected and analyzed the use of hentaigana (変体仮名, variant kana) for academic information exchange to suggest its adoption into the International Standard ISO/IEC10646. I had initially applied it to Akihagijou, Kashiwagi, Kiritsubo, and Kanagaki Hokekyou, after which I inspected its usefulness. Then, I added the element renmen to the kanajitai (the form of hiragana, a Japanese syllabary) database, and I conducted a study to inspect the factor for the use of kanajitai from a new viewpoint because renmen is not typically treated in the conventional study of kanajitai

近代活版印刷における平仮名字体の研究

早大学位記番号:新7754早稲田大

Application and validation of a new histologic staging and grading system for primary biliary cirrhosis

BACKGROUND: We proposed a new grading and staging system for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), which takes into account the degree of both chronic cholangitis activity (CA) and hepatitic activity (HA) for grading disease activity and that of fibrosis, bile duct loss, and chronic cholestasis for staging. In this study, we validated our new system. METHODS: Using liver biopsy specimens from 166 cases of PBC, chronic cholangitis with mild periductal lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, including chronic nonsuppurative destructive cholangitis, and the combined activity of interface hepatitis and lobular hepatitis were categorized into 4 grades on the basis of their degree and distribution (CA0-3 and HA0-3, respectively). For staging, because orcein staining was not available in this study, 2 criteria (fibrosis and bile duct loss) were independently scored from 0 to 3 on the basis of their degrees, and a final stage score was created from the sum. RESULTS: Although there was a relatively uniform distribution of CA0/1/2/3 cases, the cases of HA0/1/2/3 were distributed as 21%, 64%, 13%, and 3%, respectively, with a prominent number of cases categorized as having none or mild HA. The distribution of stages 1 to 4 using our system was considerably different from that using the classic system and, importantly, showed a correlation with patient outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Our system revealed that the activities of chronic cholangitis and hepatitis did not correlate with each other in terms of degree and that our staging system properly reflected the outcome of PBC patients. The present study could validate the effectiveness of this new system for characterizing the pathologic condition of PBC. Copyright © 2013 by Lippincott Williams &Wilkins

Hyperammonemic Coma—Barking Up the Wrong Tree

Hepatic encephalopathy and myxedema coma share clinical features: coma, ascites, anemia, impaired liver functions, and a “metabolic” electroencephalogram (EEG). Hyperammonemia, a hallmark of hepatic encephalopathy, has also been described in hypothyroidism. Differentiation between the 2 conditions, recognition of their possible coexistence, and the consequent therapeutic implications are of utmost importance. We describe a case of an 82-year-old woman with a history of mild chronic liver disease who presented with hyperammonemic coma unresponsive to conventional therapy. Further investigation disclosed severe hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormone replacement resulted in gain of consciousness and normalization of hyperammonemia. In patients with an elevated ammonia level, altered mental status, and liver disease, who do not have a clear inciting event for liver disease decompensation, overwhelming evidence of hepatic decompensation, or who do not respond to appropriate therapy for hepatic encephalopathy, hypothyroidism should be considered and evaluated

Autoantibodies to muscarinic acetylcholine receptors found in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Autoantibodies to the human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor of the M3 type (hmAchR M3) have been suggested to play an etiopathogenic role in Sjögren's syndrome. Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) often is associated with this syndrome. Therefore, we studied the co-presence of hmAchR M3 autoantibodies in patients with PBC.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Frequency of hmAchR M3 autoantibodies was assessed by Western blotting analysis as well as by an ELISA using a 25-mer peptide of the 2^ndextracellular loop of hmAchR M3. Co-localization of hmAchR M3/PBC-specific autoantibodies was studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Finally, sera from patients with PBC as well as from healthy controls were tested.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Western blotting analysis as well as results from ELISA testing revealed a significantly enhanced IgG reactivity in PBC patients in contrast to healthy controls. Co-localization of autoantibodies with the hmAchR M3 receptor-specific autoantibodies was observed in 10 out of 12 PBC-patients but none of the 5 healthy controls. Antibodies of the IgM type were not found to be affected.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>For the first time, our data demonstrate the presence of autoantibodies to the hmAchR M3 in PBC patients. These findings might contribute to the understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. Further studies have to focus on the functionality of hmAchR M3 autoantibodies in PBC patients.</p

Research of Emergency Alert Integrated Information Processing System Linked to a Wireless LAN Map

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