Labor status of construction inspectors in Slovenia from 1918 to 2015

Za delovnopravna razmerja gradbenih inšpektorjev veljajo določbe predpisov, ki veljajo za vse javne uslužbence (Zakon o javnih uslužbencih, Zakon o delovnih razmerjih in drugi), za vse inšpektorje na sploh (Zakon o inšpekcijskem nadzoru) in določbe 144. člena Zakona o graditvi objektov, kjer so določeni posebni pogoji glede izobrazbe, delovnih izkušenj in o strokovnih izpitih. V praksi se danes postavljajo vprašanja, ali je glede na pogoje, ki jih morajo izpolnjevati gradbeni inšpektorji, smiselno z gradbenim inšpektorjem skleniti delovno razmerje za določen čas, kako je s pripravništvom in uvajanjem novega inšpektorja v delo ter ali je način sklenitve in prenehanja delovnega razmerja s pogodbo o zaposlitvi dejansko smiseln. V preteklosti je namreč inšpektor sklenil uslužbensko razmerje na podlagi odločbe pristojnega organa, prav tako je uslužbensko razmerje prenehalo na podlagi odločbe. Tudi pravice in obveznosti so se določale z enostranskim aktom (odločbo ali sklepom). Glavni cilj naloge je bil preveriti, ali je sedanja ureditev delovnega razmerja za gradbene inšpektorje ustrezna ali ne in, ali bi določene delovnopravne institute, ki so veljali v preteklosti, lahko v modernizirani obliki uporabili tudi danes. Zato je prikazana ureditev delovnopravnih razmerij gradbenih inšpektorjev oz. njim podobnih organov v treh zgodovinskih obdobjih od leta 1918 do 2015 (Kraljevina Jugoslavija, Socialistična Republika Slovenija v okviru Socialistične federativne Republike Jugoslavije in samostojna Republika Slovenija). V teh obdobjih je predstavljen tudi gradbeni nadzor in določbe tistih predpisov, ki so se nanašale na uslužbenska razmerja gradbenih inšpektorjev, za boljše razumevanje pa je kratko podana tudi upravna ureditev države v posameznem obdobju. Glavne ugotovitve raziskave so naslednje: gradbeni inšpektorji so prvotno sklenili uslužbensko razmerje za nedoločen čas na podlagi odločbe pristojnega organa, za določen čas pa s pogodbo. Taka ureditev je veljala do leta 2002, ko je Zakon o javnih uslužbencih uvedel pogodbenost delovnih razmerij in od tedaj dalje se delovno razmerje sklene s pogodbo o zaposlitvi. Splošni pogoji, ki jih je moral izpolnjevati gradbeni inšpektor, so v glavnem ostali enaki ves čas (starost, državljanstvo, zdravstvena sposobnost, znanje uradnega jezika, nekaznovanost, strokovni izpit), posebni pogoji pa so se spreminjali (stopnja in smer izobrazbe, delovne izkušnje). V vseh obdobjih so uslužbenca lahko zaposlili za določen čas (predvsem pripravnika), s tem, da danes gradbenega inšpektorja kot pripravnika ni mogoče zaposliti. Do leta 2009 so inšpektorji pretekla uslužbenska oz. delovna razmerja izkazovali z delovno (uslužbensko) knjižico, ki je bila javna listina, sedaj te možnosti nimajo več. Glavni predlogi so: sklenitev in prenehanje uslužbenskega razmerja inšpektorjev z odločbo, odločanje o pravicah in obveznostih inšpektorjev z odločbo, zahtevana raven izobrazbe VII/2 (prejšnja univerzitetna ali sedanji bolonjski magisterij) in 5 let delovnih izkušenj, od tega vsaj 3 leta na gradbiščih, obvezno uvajalno obdobje pod vodstvom mentorja, ponovna uvedba uslužbenske knjižice kot javne listine.Employment rules for building inspectors are the same as for all civil servants (Civil Servants Act, Labour Relations Act and others), for all inspectors in general (Inspection Act) and the provisions of Article 144 of the Construction Act, where are certain specific conditions regarding education, work experience and professional examinations. In practice today they are raises questions, according on the conditions to be met by building inspectors, if the employment contract for a fixed period is suitable, what is with internships and if the conclusion and termination of employment contract is actually meaningful. Namely, in the past the inspector’s employment basis and terminated on the decision of the competent authority. The rights and obligations were determined by a unilateral act (decision or writ). The main aim of the study was to examine whether the present regime of employment for construction inspectors is adequate or not and whether certain labor institute, which applied in the past, could be in modernized form used today. Therefore, in the master paper it is shown regime of labor relations of building inspectors or similar bodies in three historical periods from years 1918 to 2015 (in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, in the Socialist Republic of Slovenia in the framework of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and in the independent Republic of Slovenia). During these periods it is also presented construction supervision and the provisions of those regulations, which concerned the employment for building inspectors. For better understanding is briefly elucidated the administrative structure of the state in a mentioned historical periods. The main findings are as follows: building inspectors initially concluded employment relationship of indefinite duration on the basis of the decision of the competent authority, while the contract is needed for the employment for a limited period. Such an arrangement was in force until year 2002, when the Civil Servants Act introduced labour relations by contract and since then the employment relationship is concluded with a contract of employment. General conditions for the building inspector have generally remained the same all the time (age, citizenship, medical fitness, knowledge of the official language, impunity, professional exam), while special conditions were changed (the rate and direction of education, work experience). In all historical periods of our interest, the employment could be for a fixed period (especially trainee), but today the building inspector as a trainee can not be employed at all. Until year 2009 inspectors proved their period of employment by work booklet which was a public document. Nowdays this option does not exist any more. The main proposals are: conclusion and termination of employment of inspectors are with the decision, deciding on the rights and obligations of inspectors are with the decision, the required level of education is VII/2 (previous faculty education or now Bologna master\u27s degree) and 5 years of professional experience, of which at least 3 years work on construction sites, mandatory introductory period under the guidance of a mentor, the reintroduction of the work booklet as a public document

Four years along: Emerging traits of programs in the NATSAP Practice Research Network (PRN)

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http://www.archive.org/details/analyticalexperi00dorsU.S. Coast Guard (U.S.C.G.) author.U.S. Naval Academy authors

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