11 research outputs found

    Effect of Different Natural Herbal Products on Roughness of Eroded Enamel Surface (An in Vitro Study)

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    Aims: The current study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of the herbal medicaments (Neem, Ginger, Green tea, Clove oil, and peppermint oil) and traditional fluoride gel on the surface roughness of the eroded enamel samples of permanent teeth in vitro study. Materials and methods: A total of (80) sound maxillary permanent first premolars were used in the study. Enamel blocks were prepared and divided into eight groups: Negative control group (C-ve) (n=10) not exposed to Pepsi drink. The remaining samples exposed to Pepsi drink then subdivided into (7) subgroups: Positive control group (C+ve) (Pepsi group), the remaining groups representing different experimental remineralizing agents used as follows: Group 3 (NaF gel), Group 4 (Neem), Group 5 (Ginger+ Manuka honey), Group 6 (Green tea), group 7 (Clove oil) and group 8 (Peppermint oil). The Roughness of enamel surface blocks was measured before and after the PH cycle by using a measurement machine. Results: The surface roughness of all study groups was increased after eroding by Pepsi drink due to the demineralization, then decreased after treatment with remineralizing agents but the highest decrease of the surface roughness measurements belonged to the NaF group followed by Neem and Ginger +manuka honey groups, while the control negative group of deionized water which not exposed to Pepsi drink had no change in the surface roughness measurements. Conclusions: NaF gel group was significantly better than other groups against demineralization and preserving enamel roughness

    Effect of Different Natural Herbal Products on Microhardness of Eroded Enamel Surface: An in Vitro Study

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    Aims: The study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of the herbal medicaments (Neem, Ginger, Green tea, Clove oil, and peppermint oil) and traditional fluoride gel on the surface microhardness of the eroded enamel samples of permanent teeth in vitro study. Materials and methods: A total of (80) sound maxillary first premolars were used in the study. Enamel blocks were prepared and divided into eight groups: Negative control group (C-ve) (n=10) not exposed to Pepsi drink. The remaining samples exposed to Pepsi drink then subdivided into (7) subgroups: Positive control group (C+ve) (Pepsi group), the remaining groups representing different experimental remineralizing agents used as follows: Group 3 (NaF gel), Group 4 (Neem), Group 5 (Ginger+Honey), Group 6 (Green tea), group 7 (Clove oil) and group 8 (Peppermint oil). The Microhardness of enamel blocks was measured before and after the PH cycle by using a Vickers microhardness measurement machine. Results: The microhardness of enamel surface in all study groups was decreased after eroding Pepsi drink due to the demineralization, then increased after treatment with remineralizing agents but the highest increase of the surface microhardness measurements belonged to the Ginger+Manuka group followed by Neem and NaF group, while the control negative group of deionized water which not exposed to Pepsi drink had the minimum decrease in the surface microhardness measurements. Conclusions: Ginger+Manuka honey was significantly better than other groups against demineralization and preserving enamel microhardness

    What enables student geography teachers to thrive during their PGCE year and beyond?

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    Drawing on the perspectives of six student teachers (including five geography specialists) and two teacher educators, four key components are identified as being crucial to enable those undertaking a geography-focused programme of Initial Teacher Education to thrive rather than simply survive. These include, (1) nurturing an enjoyment of geography, (2) engaging with education research to underpin classroom practice, (3) developing communities of practice within and beyond school and university settings and, (4) building teacher identity through regular reflection that considers an individual’s values. These insights will have relevance for those considering or undertaking a career as a geography teacher and for school and university partnerships that provide Initial Teacher Education programmes

    Hawkinsinuria With Direct Hyperbilirubinemia in Egyptian-Lebanese Boy

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    Tyrosinemia type III is the rarest type of tyrosinemia, because of a mutation in 4-OH-phenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD). This causes two different types of diseases with different modes of inheritance: tyrosinemia type III and hawkinsinuria. Hawkinsinuria is an autosomal dominant disease, which presents a failure to thrive and metabolic acidosis; however, the liver is not affected. P.A33T heterozygous mutation was reported by Tomoeda et al. to cause hawkinsinuria. This case report will present the first case of an Egyptian-Lebanese male who developed direct hyperbilirubinemia and was found to have tyrosinemia type III, due to elevated tyrosine levels in the blood and tyrosine derivatives in the urine, but genetic testing revealed a P.A33T heterozygous mutation, a cause of hawkinsinuria

    Results from the United Arab Emirates 2022 report card on physical activity for children and adolescents

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    Objective: The United Arab Emirates (UAE) 2022 Report Card provides a systematic evaluation of the physical activity (PA) levels of children and adolescents in the UAE. Methods: The 2022 Report Card utilized data from 2017 to 2021 to inform 10 core PA indicators that were common to the Global Matrix 4.0. Results: One in five (19%) UAE school children achieved the recommended amount of moderate-to-vigorous PA (i.e. ≥60 min/d; Total Physical Activity Grade F). Less than 1% of school children used active transport to and from school (Active Transportation Grade F). One in four (26%) secondary school children achieved the recreational screen time recommendations (i.e. ≤2 h/d; Sedentary Behaviours Grade D-). A quarter of adults reported achieving the recommended PA level (i.e. ≥150 min of moderate-intensity PA per week, or equivalent) (Family and Peers Grade D-). All school children are taught physical education (PE) by a specialist with at least a bachelor\u27s degree in PE; however, the duration of weekly PE classes varied between schools (School Grade A-). The UAE Government has invested significant funds and resources into developing and implementing strategies and facilities that will increase PA across the entire population (Government Grade B+). Organised Sport and Physical Activity, Active Play, Physical Fitness, and Community and Environment indicators were graded ‘Incomplete’ (INC) due to a lack of available data. Conclusions: Overall, PA levels remain low and sedentary behaviours remain high amongst UAE children and adolescents. The UAE Government has sustained investment in further developing PA opportunities for all children and adults which should translate to increased PA and health improvements at a population level

    Support for UNRWA's survival

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    The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) provides life-saving humanitarian aid for 5·4 million Palestine refugees now entering their eighth decade of statelessness and conflict. About a third of Palestine refugees still live in 58 recognised camps. UNRWA operates 702 schools and 144 health centres, some of which are affected by the ongoing humanitarian disasters in Syria and the Gaza Strip. It has dramatically reduced the prevalence of infectious diseases, mortality, and illiteracy. Its social services include rebuilding infrastructure and homes that have been destroyed by conflict and providing cash assistance and micro-finance loans for Palestinians whose rights are curtailed and who are denied the right of return to their homeland

    AI is a viable alternative to high throughput screening: a 318-target study

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    : High throughput screening (HTS) is routinely used to identify bioactive small molecules. This requires physical compounds, which limits coverage of accessible chemical space. Computational approaches combined with vast on-demand chemical libraries can access far greater chemical space, provided that the predictive accuracy is sufficient to identify useful molecules. Through the largest and most diverse virtual HTS campaign reported to date, comprising 318 individual projects, we demonstrate that our AtomNet® convolutional neural network successfully finds novel hits across every major therapeutic area and protein class. We address historical limitations of computational screening by demonstrating success for target proteins without known binders, high-quality X-ray crystal structures, or manual cherry-picking of compounds. We show that the molecules selected by the AtomNet® model are novel drug-like scaffolds rather than minor modifications to known bioactive compounds. Our empirical results suggest that computational methods can substantially replace HTS as the first step of small-molecule drug discovery

    International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

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    We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN
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