205 research outputs found
A High-Resolution Multiband Survey of Westerlund 2 With the Hubble Space Telescope I: Is the Massive Star Cluster Double?
We present first results from a high resolution multi-band survey of the
Westerlund 2 region with the Hubble Space Telescope. Specifically, we imaged
Westerlund 2 with the Advanced Camera for Surveys through the , ,
and filters and with the Wide Field Camera 3 in the , ,
and filters. We derive the first high resolution pixel-to-pixel map of
the color excess of the gas associated with the cluster, combining
the H () and Pa () line observations. We
demonstrate that, as expected, the region is affected by significant
differential reddening with a median of ~mag. After separating
the populations of cluster members and foreground contaminants using a
vs. color-magnitude diagram, we identify a pronounced
pre-main-sequence population in Westerlund 2 showing a distinct turn-on. After
dereddening each star of Westerlund 2 individually in the color-magnitude
diagram we find via over-plotting PARSEC isochrones that the distance is in
good agreement with the literature value of ~kpc. With
zero-age-main-sequence fitting to two-color-diagrams, we derive a value of
total to selective extinction of . A spatial density map of
the stellar content reveals that the cluster might be composed of two clumps.
We estimate the same age of 0.5-2.0 Myr for both clumps. While the two clumps
appear to be coeval, the northern clump shows a lower stellar
surface density.Comment: 24 pages, 27 figures, 7 tables; Accepted for publication to The
Astronomical Journa
Ein integriertes System zur Optimierung von Unterhaltungsarbeiten bei Hafenbauwerken und HafenflÀchen unter Anwendung moderner Kommunikationselemente
Nerve growth factor and receptor expression in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis
Introduction We previously described the presence of nerve growth factor receptors in the inflamed synovial compartment. Here we investigated the presence of the corresponding nerve growth factors, with special focus on nerve growth factor (NGF). Methods mRNA expression levels of four ligands (NGF, brain derived growth factor (BDNF), neurotrophin (NT)-3, NT-4) and their four corresponding receptors (tyrosine kinase (trk) A, trkB, trkC, NGFRp75) were determined in the synovial fluid (SF) cells of 9 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 16 with spondyloarthritis (SpA) and compared with 7 osteoarthritis (OA) patients. NGF was also determined in synovial tissue (ST) biopsies of 10 RA and 10 SpA patients. The production of NGF by monocytes and lymphocytes was assessed by flow cytometry of SF cells, synovial tissue derived fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) were assessed by ELISA on culture supernatant. Results SF cell analysis revealed a clear BDNF and NGF mRNA expression, with significantly higher NGF expression in RA and SpA patients than in the OA group. NGF expression was higher in ST samples of RA as compared to SpA. Using intracellular FACS analysis, we could demonstrate the presence of the NGF protein in the two inflammatory arthritis groups on both CD3+ T lymphocytes and CD14+ cells, i.e. monocytes/macrophages, whereas cultured FLS did not produce NGF in vitro. Conclusions Neurotrophins and especially NGF are expressed in the synovial fluid and tissue of patients with peripheral synovitis. The presence of neurotrophins as well as their receptors, in particular the NGF/trkA-p75 axis in peripheral synovitis warrants further functional investigation of their active involvement in chronic inflammatory arthriti
Structure Determination in a New Class of Amorphous Cluster Compounds with Extreme Nonlinear Optical Properties
Relationship between atomic structure and excellent glass forming ability in Pd42.5Ni7.5Cu30P20 metallic glass
International audienceTo understand the relation of the glass-forming ability (GFA) to the local atomic configurations of a PdNiCuP (PNCP) metallic glass having the best GFA at present, the local structures were investigated by combining data obtained from anomalous X-ray scattering, X-ray and neutron diffraction, and applying reverse Monte Carlo modeling. By comparing the results of PNCP with PdNiP (PNP) and PdCuP (PCP) having a slightly and much worse GFAs, respectively, characteristic features were observed in the hyper-ordered atomic structures. Firstly, the concentration inhomogeneity of Ni/Cu in PNCP is larger than that of Ni in PNP and Cu in PCP. Secondly, a Voronoi tessellation showed that the fraction of pure icosahedral arrangements around the Cu atoms increases significantly in PNCP by adding icosahedral-preferred Ni atoms in PCP. Finally, a persistent homology (PH) analysis reveals the largest intermediate-size Cu PH rings in PNCP among the PH rings in these Pd-based BMGs. The structural heterogeneity for the excellent GFA of PNCP would be considered by an incompatible mixture of specific Pd-P configurations and icosahedral clusters around the secondary Ni and Cu metals
Partial structure investigation of the traditional bulk metallic glass Pd40Ni40 P20
Local structures of Pd40Ni40P20 bulk metallic glass were investigated by combining anomalous x-ray scattering close to the Pd and Ni K absorption edges, x-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and reverse Monte Carlo modeling, from which partial structure factors Sij(Q) and partial pair distribution functions gij(r) as well as three-dimensional atomic configurations were carefully obtained around the constituent elements. A disagreement is found in the local structures with an ab initio molecular dynamics simulation by Guan et al., i.e., the existence of the P-P nearest-neighboring configurations is clarified in the present experimental result. From the Voronoi tessellation analysis, a preference of the pure icosahedral configurations is observed around the Ni atoms, whereas the local configurations around the Pd and P atoms are rather distorted icosahedra. A persistent homology analysis was carried out to identify meaningful shape characteristics of the intermediate-range atomic configuration of large rings.</p
Unital Quantum Channels - Convex Structure and Revivals of Birkhoff's Theorem
The set of doubly-stochastic quantum channels and its subset of mixtures of
unitaries are investigated. We provide a detailed analysis of their structure
together with computable criteria for the separation of the two sets. When
applied to O(d)-covariant channels this leads to a complete characterization
and reveals a remarkable feature: instances of channels which are not in the
convex hull of unitaries can return to it when either taking finitely many
copies of them or supplementing with a completely depolarizing channel. In
these scenarios this implies that a channel whose noise initially resists any
environment-assisted attempt of correction can become perfectly correctable.Comment: 31 page
Partial structure investigation of the traditional bulk metallic glass Pd40Ni40 P20
Local structures of Pd 40 Ni 40 P 20 bulk metallic glass were investigated by combining anomalous x-ray scattering close to the Pd and Ni K absorption edges, x-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction, and reverse Monte Carlo modeling, from which partial structure factors S i j (Q) and partial pair distribution functions g i j (r) as well as threedimensional atomic configurations were carefully obtained around the constituent elements. A disagreement is found in the local structures with an ab initio molecular dynamics simulation by Guan et al., i.e., the existence of the P-P nearest-neighboring configurations is clarified in the present experimental result. From the Voronoi tessellation analysis, a preference of the pure icosahedral configurations is observed around the Ni atoms, whereas the local configurations around the Pd and P atoms are rather distorted icosahedra. A persistent homology analysis was carried out to identify meaningful shape characteristics of the intermediate-range atomic configuration of large rings
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