Constancy Mechanisms and the Normativity of Perception

In this essay, we draw on John Haugeland’s work in order to argue that Burge is wrong to think that exercises of perceptual constancy mechanisms suffice for perceptual representation. Although Haugeland did not live to read or respond to Burge’s Origins of Objectivity, we think that his work contains resources that can be developed into a critique of the very foundation of Burge’s approach. Specifically, we identify two related problems for Burge. First, if (what Burge calls) mere sensory responses are not representational, then neither are exercises of constancy mechanisms, since the differences between them do not suffice to imply that one is representational and the other is not. Second, taken by themselves, exercises of constancy mechanisms are only derivatively representational, so merely understanding how they work is not sufficient for understanding what is required for something, in itself, to be representational (and thereby provide a full solution to the problem of perceptual representation)

LOCAL CULTURE OF MALAY AND UNIVERSAL CIVILIZATION CHANGES

Universal civilization changes occurred in the local Malay culture. Historically, the distinctive Malay society is united by a common race or Malay ethnic group. Based on the evidence of linguistics, archeology and history, the Malay identity is rooted and united by a common language, a primordial cultural pattern inherited from generation to generation. It includes "the myth stiffeners"

Unsettling whiteness : Kipling's Boers and the case for a white subalternity

The 'Bard of Empire' Rudyard Kipling's Boer War (or South African War) writing has largely been dismissed as jingoism. Yet these texts may well have something to contribute both to existing discourses around colonialism, as well as to our understanding of South Africa's deeply intertwined racial and political history. While his Indian writing is also informed by an imperial ideology, Kipling's South African writing is more overtly dogged by imperial contradictions and a lack of thematic and narrative clarity. As such, his Indian writing provides a useful touch-point throughout this thesis. Of particular interest here is the seeming tension between Kipling's representations of the Boers as both 'degenerate' and as 'white'. Broadly, in the course of this thesis this tension is approached in two ways. This first of these considers the motivating forces behind Kipling's racialization of the Boers, specifically in terms of the anxieties provoked by the colonisation of another 'white' race. As such, this anxiety is read as stemming largely from a perceived cultural trangression on the part of the Boers - an inversion of the dynamic that typifies many of Kipling's Indian texts. Following this, some of the rhetorical devices by which Kipling (re)enforces notions of 'white loyalty' and, more broadly, a strict visually marked racial hierarchy, are considered. In so doing, some of Kipling's Boers are read as, somewhat surprisingly, representing a silenced subaltern voice who are made to speak exclusively in support of the empire. Through the commingling of these representations Kipling seems to participate in a discursive conflict over the conception of whiteness both within the empire and South Africa

Bengkel netwon usaha tambah baik kualiti hidup Orang Asli belum

GRIK (BELUM) – Kumpulan Kejuruteraan Air, Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam, Fakulti Kejuruteraan, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) menganjurkan bengkel mengenalpasti masalah Orang Asli di Kampung Sungai Kejar dan Kampung Sungai Tiang, Hutan Belum, Perak