Tecnologias e dispositivos de microondas que separam a pele da pele de coelho

The purpose of this work is the development of microwave technology and de-vices separating fur from rabbit skins in a continuous mode at reduced operating costs. They developed the method for the action of the ultrahigh frequency electro-magnetic field (UFEF), which provides the reduction of fur fiber holding power in the meat fabric of rabbit skins with simultaneous combing and gathering. They calcu-lated the mathematical dependences describing the dynamics of multicomponent raw material heating with the change of dielectric and physicomechanical parameters in the process of UFEF. They calculated and visualized the electromagnetic field distri-butions in the developed resonators, on the basis of which they substantiated the ef-fective parameters of the electrodynamic system: the maximum property, the quality of resonators and the electric field strength. They substantiated the complex of struc-tural and technological parameters of devices with new structural design of working chambers by a multi-criteria evaluation of the technological process for the separation of fur from rabbit skin. They manufactured and tested the microwave device under production conditions for the separation of fur from rabbit skin, and adjusted the op-erating modes, which allow to reduce operating costs. They evaluated the technical and economic efficiency of microwave technology introduction for the processing of fur and the devices for rabbit farms; they developed practical recommendations for the operation of microwave units to separate fur from rabbit skins.El propósito de este trabajo es el desarrollo de la tecnología de microondas y los dispositivos que separan la piel de los cueros de conejo en un modo continuo a costos operativos reducidos. Desarrollaron el método para la acción del campo electromagnético de frecuencia ultraalta (UFEF), que proporciona la reducción del poder de retención de la fibra de la piel en el tejido de carne de la piel de conejo con el peinado y la recolección simultáneos. Calcularon las dependencias matemáticas que describen la dinámica del calentamiento de materias primas de componentes múltiples con el cambio de los parámetros dieléctricos y fisicomecánicos en el proceso de la UFEF. Calcularon y visualizaron las distribuciones del campo electromagnético en los resonadores desarrollados, sobre la base de los cuales fundamentaron los parámetros efectivos del sistema electrodinámico: la propiedad máxima, la calidad de los resonadores y la intensidad del campo eléctrico. Ellos sustentaron el complejo de parámetros estructurales y tecnológicos de los dispositivos con un nuevo diseño estructural de las cámaras de trabajo mediante una evaluación de múltiples criterios del proceso tecnológico para la separación de la piel del cuero del conejo.  Fabricaron y probaron el dispositivo de microondas en condiciones de producción para la separación de la piel de la piel de conejo, y ajustaron los modos de operación, lo que permite reducir los costos operativos. Evaluaron la eficiencia técnica y económica de la introducción de la tecnología de microondas para el procesamiento de pieles y los dispositivos para granjas de conejos; desarrollaron recomendaciones prácticas para el uncionamiento de las unidades de microondas para separar las pieles de los cueros de conejo.O objetivo deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de tecnologia e dispositivos que separam a pele de peles de coelho em um modo contínuo a custos operacionais reduzidos microondas. Eles desenvolveram o método para a acção do campo electromagnético de alta frequência ultra-(UFEF), que fornece pele de coelho carne tecido de pele para retenção de fibras de energia reduzido com cabelo e recolha simultânea. Calcularam as dependências matemático para descrever a dinâmica do aquecimento materiais multicomponentes com a mudança de dieltricos e parâmetros fisicomecánicos no processo de UFEF. Eles calculado e visualizado as distribuições de campo eletromagnético em ressonadores desenvolvidos, com base na qual fundamentar os parâmetros reais do sistema electrodynamic: a propriedade máximo, a qualidade dos ressonadores e intensidade do campo elétrico. Eles sustentadas parâmetros estruturais e tecnológicas complexas dos dispositivos com um novo design estrutural das câmaras de trabalho através de uma avaliação multi-critérios do processo tecnológico para a separação de couro pele de coelho. Eles fabricado e testado o dispositivo de micro-ondas, sob condições de produção para a separação da pele da pele de coelho, e modos de operação ajustados, reduzindo assim os custos operacionais. Eles avaliaram a eficiência técnica e econômica da introdução de tecnologia de microondas para o processamento de dispositivos fazendas de peles e de coelho; desenvolveu recomendações práticas para a operação de unidades de microondas para separar peles de peles de coelho

УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ ФОТОКАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ ОЧИСТКИ ВОДЫ ОТ ОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЙ В ПРОТОЧНОМ РЕАКТОРЕ

A laboratory installation for photocatalytic water purification from organic pollutants has been developed. It includes a flow reactor, replaceable light sources of visible and ultraviolet ranges, indicator and control units. The installation provides testing at room temperature of the efficiency of photocatalysts, deposited on the solid and perforated flat substrates at a flow rate of 0.2-1.2 l/min of purified water.Разработана лабораторная установка для фотокаталитической очистки воды от органических загрязнений, включающая проточный реактор, сменные источники излучения видимого и ультрафиолетового диапазонов, контрольные и управляющие блоки. Установка обеспечивает тестирование при комнатной температуре эффективности фотокатализаторов, нанесенных на сплошные и перфорированные плоские подложки, при скорости потока очищаемой воды 0,2-1,2 л/мин

Методика измерений X-параметров мощного СВЧ-усилителя S-диапазона

Performed a series of the X-parameters measurements of high-power S-band power amplifier. This method is the foundation to provide similar measurements and as result to obtain the behavioral model of power amplifier to further simulations in ADS. This method describes all the calibration and measurement steps to obtain X-parameters.Выполнена серия измерений Х-параметров мощного СВЧ-усилителя S-диапазона. В результате работы составлена методика проведения подобных измерений, являющихся основой для создания поведенческой модели усилителя, поддерживаемой САПР Keysight ADS. В методике описаны все этапы подготовки рабочего стенда, процесс настройки оборудования, а также описана возможность применения Х-параметров

Диссеминированный мукормикоз у больного острым лимфобластным лейкозом (клинический случай)

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Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background: Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods: The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results: A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion: Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

Назначение / отмена ингаляционных глюкокортикостероидов у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких как терапевтический континуум в реальной клинической практике

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressing disease. Each exacerbation impairs the patient’s prognosis and increases burden for the healthcare system. The most common maintenance treatment options for COPD include long-acting bronchodilators – β2-agonists (LABA) and long-acting antimuscarinic agents (LAMA), and inhaled glucocorticosteroids (ICS), in fixed/opened double and triple combinations. Triple therapy in subjects with exacerbation history is the most effective way to prevent negative outcomes of the disease. It can reduce the frequency of exacerbations, slow down the disease progression, improve quality of life, and reduce mortality in the long run. On the other hand, the response to triple therapy may change over the time depending on airways inflammation level, infection activity, and exacerbation frequency. Current COPD guidelines propose different indications for therapy escalation and de-escalation (ICS addition/withdrawal) for more personalized and safe treatment. At the same time, many practical issues of this process are still unclear, e.g. how often treatment regimens should be reviewed and what escalation/de-escalation criteria should be prioritized. The authors strongly believe that COPD therapy should adapt a holistic treatment approach (continuum) with quick responses to any changes in the patient’s condition.The aim of our work was to create an algorithm for ICS administration/ withdrawal for COPD patients on long-acting dual bronchodilators maintenance therapy and to establish a therapeutic continuum that takes into account exacerbation history, symptoms severity, blood eosinophilia level, and concomitant asthma.Conclusion. This instrument can be a useful and convenient tool for long-term patient management when access to specialized medical care might be restricted. It takes into account the main current recommendations for COPD management and is easy to apply in real clinical practice.Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (ХОБЛ) является прогрессирующим заболеванием. При каждом обострении ухудшается прогноз, снижается качество жизни (КЖ) пациента, увеличивается нагрузка на систему здравоохранения. Наиболее часто для поддерживающей терапии ХОБЛ используются длительно действующие (ДД) бронхолитические препараты – β2-агонисты адренорецепторов (ДДБА) и ДД антихолинергические препараты, а также ингаляционные глюкокортикостероиды (иГКС) в виде двойных и тройных комбинаций. Тройная терапия у лиц с анамнезом обострений является наиболее эффективным методом предотвращения неблагоприятных исходов. При этом снижается число обострений, повышается КЖ, замедляется прогрессирование заболевания и снижается риск летальных исходов. С другой стороны, ответ на тройную терапию может изменяться с течением времени в зависимости от выраженности воспаления в дыхательных путях, активности инфекции и числа обострений. Для того чтобы сделать терапию конкретного больного персонализированной и более безопасной, современными руководствами по лечению ХОБЛ предлагаются различные показания для эскалации (добавление иГКС) и деэскалации (отмена иГКС) терапии. При этом многие практические вопросы, в частности, как часто следует пересматривать схему лечения и на какие показания для эскалации / деэскалации терапии следует обращать внимание в первую очередь, – остаются недостаточно разработанными. Современная терапия ХОБЛ должна представлять собой целостную последовательность действий врача (континуум), которая реагирует на изменения в состоянии пациента своевременной эскалацией и деэскалацией терапии (в первую очередь, речь идет о добавлении и отмене ГКС).Целью работы явилось создание алгоритма назначения / отмены иГКС у пациентов с ХОБЛ, получающих поддерживающую терапию ДД двойными бронходилататорами, а также разработка терапевтического континуума, при котором учитываются анамнез обострений, выраженность симптомов, уровень эозинофилии периферической крови, а также наличие сопутствующей бронхиальной астмы.Заключение. Эта схема может быть полезна как инструмент длительного ведения пациентов в условиях ограничения доступности специализированной медицинской помощи. При применении указанной схемы, легко применимой в реальной клинической практике, учитываются основные современные рекомендации по ведению пациентов с ХОБЛ

Quality of construction materials as an indicator of the design of railway transport facilities in Russia

Abstract The purpose of the research is to assess the global quality of project design documentation for capital construction at the preliminary stage of investment projects in the context of the properties and qualities of applied construction materials. The problem of the assessment of the quality of construction and finishing materials in the subdivisions of Russian Railways, the largest Russian company, raises fundamental issues of regulatory and methodological support during the choice of engineering solutions and reasonability grounds of investments in the construction and reconstruction of transport infrastructure facilities. According to the formal indicators for the assessment of the properties of materials in the company, the authors used a method based on a separate analysis of the regulatory and methodological support of the construction preparation process. The main quality criterion was adopted in the form of deviations in documentation by the internal examination service of the company projects due to the unreliability in the determination of the physical properties of material resources. The main tool to influence the design process is the formalization of requirements for accounting construction materials, especially innovative ones, in project design documentation. These requirements are reflected in the proposed methodology for the generation of documentation at the early stages of investment project. A retrospective analysis of the verification results of infrastructure projects in the company showed that after the introduction of uniform requirements for the applied materials and the introduction of the basic provisions of materials science in the methodological documents, a positive trend has occurred during internal verification. The decrease in the number of incorrectly determined values of the need for construction materials indicate that cost certification has become more explicit and accessible to developers. It is proved that the tool for the management of the quality of construction materials by specifying the structure of documents justifying the main design decisions is the most effective. The idea is confirmed that the greatest responsibility for the efficiency of the applied material resources falls on the early stages of project development. The efforts made by the Company in this direction lead to positive changes.</jats:p

CALCULATION OF FORCES AND MEANS WHEN SIMULATING FIRES

The object of research is OJSC «Severnaya» oil depot of the Lipetsk region. For the protected object, an analysis of the situation at the fire was carried out taking into account weather conditions. The calculations take into account the presence and number of forces and means of extinguishing, the capabilities of the available fire fighting equipment and the time of its concentration, as well as the need to call additional forces and means. One of the main and important sections of the work is the section on the development of options for extinguishing a possible fire in a group of tanks, both using traditional methods and using new developments. The effectiveness of the use of the UKTP «Purga» is clearly shown. Forecasting the development of a possible fire and the organization of its extinguishing are considered.</jats:p

Status and Development Prospects of Horse Breeding in the Altai Region

Abstract The transition to a market economy caused significant changes in the number of horses and their distribution by category of horse owners, regions, and economic use areas. This study aims to identify the natural and economic factors affecting the quantitative and structural features of the horse breeding industry in the Altai region. More than that, the research discusses critical parameters of its optimal development in the medium term. In 1991-2018, in Altai, the horse population decreased from 226.8 to 161.3 thousand heads (28.9%). However, due to higher decreases of horse livestock in other Russian regions, the share of Altai horse owners in the Siberian Federal District increased from 34.0 to 38.5%. The country-wide share increased from 8.7% to 12.6%. While the number of horses in the Altai Krai decreased 2.6 times, in the Altai Republic, it increased by 28.9 thousand heads, exceeding the pre-reform level by 38.3%. Until 2025, with the stabilization of the number of workhorses, meat horse breeding will be the central development area. The number of meat horses will increase in Altai from 112.6 to 126.8 thousand heads, which, with rational management, would ensure the production of over ten thousand tons of high-quality meat for domestic consumption and export.</jats:p

EFFECTS OF COLLAPSING CAVITATION ON HIFU-EXPOSED BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS

Therapeutic significance in the studies of HIFU-induced effects of is attached to the local heating of tissues, but the role of the mechanical component caused by non-stationary cavitation is practically not taken into account. Calculations show that the temperature inside cavitation bubbles can differ significantly from the temperature in the thermal ablation zone, and the developing temperature gradient can change the formation of the thermal field. Collapsing bubbles can cause mechanical destruction of tissues.</jats:p