Magnetic light

In this paper we report on the observation of novel and highly unusual magnetic state of light. It appears that in small holes light quanta behave as small magnets so that light propagation through such holes may be affected by magnetic field. When arrays of such holes are made, magnetic light of the individual holes forms novel and highly unusual two-dimensional magnetic light material. Magnetic light may soon become a great new tool for quantum communication and computing.Comment: Submitted to Phys.Rev.Lett., 3 figure

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cerebrovascular diseases: functional and clinical aspect of comorbidity

Literature data of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) comorbidity are represented in this review. Key aspects of this interaction and its importance for clinical medicine have been considered. CVD and COPD are the main mortality factors in adults, which contribute to great economic wastes. The incidence of chronic cerebral ischemia for COPD patients is almost three times as high as for general population. The incidence of ischemic stroke for COPD patients is 1,2 times higher than in general population. For hemorrhagic stroke and subarachnoid haemorrhages, this figures are 1,3 and 1,46 respectively. Chronic systemic inflammation, tissue hypoxia and oxidative stress play the crucial role in respiratory and cerebrovascular comorbidity. Metabolites of these processes (especially proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, C-reactive protein and some neurotrophins) increase the permeability of blood-brain barrier, destroy brain cells and activate atherogenesis in pre - and intracerebral arteries. Endothelial dysfunction affects autoregulation of cerebral circulation. Systemic symptoms of COPD are closely associated with different structural-functional disorders of the brain such as reduction in white matter integrity, grey matter volume reduction and cerebral microbleeds. Also, venous encephalopathy is developed as a result of intrathoracic pressure elevation and stasis in superior vena cava system. These processes result in neurological symptomatology. The intensity of symptoms depends on COPD severity. The occurrence of cognitive impairment, psychic tension, depression, panic disorders also increases. However COPD and CVD comorbidity is an important problem of modern medicine, pathophysiologic mechanisms and clinic aspects of this problem remain unresolved. Understanding of their role opens perspectives for rational pharmacotherapy

Nonminimal isotropic cosmological model with Yang-Mills and Higgs fields

We establish a nonminimal Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs model, which contains six coupling parameters. First three parameters relate to the nonminimal coupling of non-Abelian gauge field and gravity field, two parameters describe the so-called derivative nonminimal coupling of scalar multiplet with gravity field, and the sixth parameter introduces the standard coupling of scalar field with Ricci scalar. The formulated six-parameter nonminimal Einstein-Yang-Mills-Higgs model is applied to cosmology. We show that there exists a unique exact cosmological solution of the de Sitter type for a special choice of the coupling parameters. The nonminimally extended Yang-Mills and Higgs equations are satisfied for arbitrary gauge and scalar fields, when the coupling parameters are specifically related to the curvature constant of the isotropic spacetime. Basing on this special exact solution we discuss the problem of a hidden anisotropy of the Yang-Mills field, and give an explicit example, when the nonminimal coupling effectively screens the anisotropy induced by the Yang-Mills field and thus restores the isotropy of the model.Comment: 15 pages, revised version accepted to Int. J. Mod. Phys. D, typos correcte

Discrete structure of ultrathin dielectric films and their surface optical properties

The boundary problem of linear classical optics about the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a thin dielectric film has been solved under explicit consideration of its discrete structure. The main attention has been paid to the investigation of the near-zone optical response of dielectrics. The laws of reflection and refraction for discrete structures in the case of a regular atomic distribution are studied and the structure of evanescent harmonics induced by an external plane wave near the surface is investigated in details. It is shown by means of analytical and numerical calculations that due to the existence of the evanescent harmonics the laws of reflection and refraction at the distances from the surface less than two interatomic distances are principally different from the Fresnel laws. From the practical point of view the results of this work might be useful for the near-field optical microscopy of ultrahigh resolution.Comment: 25 pages, 16 figures, LaTeX2.09, to be published in Phys.Rev.

Domain structures and local switching in lead-free piezoceramics Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.90Zr0.10O3

Lead-free piezoelectrics are becoming increasingly important in view of environmental problems of currently used lead-based perovskites such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT). One of the recent candidates for PZT replacement, solid solutions of BaZr0.2Ti0.8O3 and Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3, are investigated in this work by piezoresponse force microscopy. Coexistence of the tetragonal and rhombohedral phases in this material is observed, which probably gives rise to easy polarization switching due to multiple domain states. The period of observed domain lamella scales with the grain size obeying well-known square root dependence characteristic of BaTiO3 ceramics. Domain switching and relaxation are investigated at the nanoscale as a function of the applied voltage and duration of the applied voltage pulses. The observed distortion of piezoresponse hysteresis loops near grain boundaries is attested to the increased concentration of defects. Nanoscale piezoelectric properties of these materials are discussed

Analogue of the quantum hanle effect and polarization conversion in non-hermitian plasmonic metamaterials

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Nano Letters, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/articlesonrequest/index.htmlThe Hanle effect, one of the first manifestations of quantum theory introducing the concept of coherent superposition between pure states, plays a key role in numerous aspects of science varying from applicative spectroscopy to fundamental astrophysical investigations. Optical analogues of quantum effects help to achieve deeper understanding of quantum phenomena and, in turn, to develop cross-disciplinary approaches to realizations of new applications in photonics. Here we show that metallic nanostructures can be designed to exhibit a plasmonic analogue of the quantum Hanle effect and the associated polarization rotation. In the original Hanle effect, time-reversal symmetry is broken by a static magnetic field. We achieve this by introducing dissipative level crossing of localized surface plasmons due to nonuniform losses, designed using a non-Hermitian formulation of quantum mechanics. Such artificial plasmonic "atoms" have been shown to exhibit strong circular birefringence and circular dichroism which depends on the value of loss or gain in the metal-dielectric nanostructure. © 2012 American Chemical Society.This work has been supported in part by EPSRC (UK). P.G. acknowledges Royal Society for a Newton International Fellowship. F.J.R.-F. acknowledges support from grant FPI of GV and the Spanish MICINN under contracts CONSOLIDER EMET CSD2008-00066 and TEC2011-28664-C02-02.Ginzburg, P.; Rodríguez Fortuño, FJ.; Martínez Abietar, AJ.; Zayats, AV. (2012). Analogue of the quantum hanle effect and polarization conversion in non-hermitian plasmonic metamaterials. Nano Letters. 12(12):6309-6314. https://doi.org/10.1021/nl3034174S63096314121

Новые селекционно-генетические методы в свиноводстве Беларуси

Six pig breeds: Belarusian large white, Belarusian meat, Belarusian black and white, landrace, Yorkshire and Duroc are involved in breeding and hydridization of pig breeding in Belarus. More than 85 % of pigs supplied to meat processing plants of the Republic are provided by different combinations of interbreed hydridization.For the effective development of this branch in the Republic, the Scientific-Practical Center on Animal Husbandry of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus organized the system of selection and breeding work in pig breeding directed to create new competitive breeds, types, and hydrides of pigs adapted to the industrial production conditions and not inferior to the productivity of the analogs of the world selection.The main link of this system is the first-order breeding plants (nucleus units) as new-type plants dealing with the selection and breeding of the best animals with the outstanding genetically conditioned breeding and productive qualities. The second link of this system is the first-order breeding breeders that are completed with high-valuable breeding pigs from the leading nucleus unit and are engaged in their reproduction to obtain grandparents (GP).Assessing the level of the technological development of pig breeding in Belarus during the period to the 2030 year, we predicted the indices for the all predictable years (2020–2030). The existing level of the technological development of the pig breeding branch is assessed as the mean one. During 2020–2021 the pig breeding level will be moderate-high, during 2022– 2023 – high, and since 2025–2030 – intensive.. В организации систем разведения и гибридизации свиноводства Беларуси задействовано шесть пород свиней: белорусская крупная белая, белорусская мясная, белорусская черно-пестрая, ландрас, йоркшир и дюрок. Более 85 % свиней, поставляемых на мясокомбинаты республики, получают от различных сочетаний межпородной гибридизации.Для эффективного развития отрасли в республике РУП «Научно-практический центр Национальной академии наук Беларуси по животноводству» сформирована система селекционно-племенной работы в свиноводстве, направленная на создание новых конкурентоспособных пород, типов и гибридов свиней, адаптированных к условиям промышленного производства и не уступающих по продуктивности аналогам мировой селекции.Главным звеном этой системы выступают племзаводы первого порядка (нуклеусы) как предприятия нового типа, занимающиеся селекцией и разведением лучших животных с выдающимися генетически обусловленными племенными и продуктивными качествами. Вторым звеном данной системы являются племрепродукторы первого порядка, которые комплектуются высокоценными племенными свинками из ведущего «нуклеуса» и занимаются их размножением по получению свинок GP (прародители). Оценивая уровень технологического развития свиноводства в Беларуси на период до 2030 года, мы рассчитали индексы на все прогнозируемые годы (2020–2030 гг.) Существующий уровень технологического развития отрасли свиноводства в Беларуси оценивается как средний. В 2020–2021 гг. будет осуществлен переход свиноводства на умеренно-высокий, в 2022–2023 гг. – на высокий, а с 2025–2030 гг. – на интенсивный уровень технологического развития

Новый высокопродуктивный заводской тип свиней «Приднепровский» в белорусской мясной породе

As a result of the research conducted, it was determined that the performance indicators of created plant type correspond to the indicators of the target standard. Performance of first litter gilts, as well as sows with two or more farrowings, amounted to 11.8 and 11.9 piglets of multiple pregnancy rate, 54.5–55.2 kg of milk yield, for the number of piglets and litter weight at weaning – 10 animals, 84.3–85.1 kg, respectively. Among the selected boars for reproduction according to a greater part of traits, animals of Zaslon line were the best, with indicators of the age of reaching a live weight of 100 kg and an average daily weight gain from birth to 100 kg of live weight made 170.5 days and 717 g, respectively. During the lifetime assessment of meat traits in young animals of the created type selected for self-repair, the back fat thickness values measured at two points of the back, as well as the height of the longest muscle and the lean meat content in body made 16.0, 18.7 and 44.2 mm and 52.0 %, for gilts, respectively, and 15.7, 17.2 and 45.3 mm and 53.2 % for boars, respectively. Calculation of the complex index of sows showed that in most animals its value made 100 points. Assessment of the genetic structure of animals of the new plant type in the Belarusian meat breed by genes RYR 1, ESR, H-FABP and IGF2 was carried out.В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что показатели продуктивности созданного заводского типа соответствуют показателям целевого стандарта. Продуктивность маток-первоопоросок, а также маток с двумя и более опоросами по многоплодию составила 11,8 и 11,9 поросят, по молочности – 54,5–55,2 кг, по количеству поросят и массе гнезда при отъеме – 10 голов, 84,3–85,1 кг соответственно. Среди отобранных для воспроизводства хрячков по большинству признаков лучшими оказались животные линий Заслона, у которых показатели возраста достижения живой массы 100 кг и среднесуточного прироста от рождения до достижения живой массы 100 кг составили 170,5 дней и 717 г соответственно. При прижизненной оценке мясных качеств у молодняка созданного типа, отобранного для саморемонта, показатели толщины шпика, измеренные в двух точках спины, а также высота длиннейшей мышцы и содержание постного мяса в теле составили соответственно у свинок – 16,0, 18,7 и 44,2 мм и 52,0 %, у хрячков – 15,7, 17,2 и 45,3 мм и 53,2 %. Расчет значения комплексного индекса свиноматок показал, что у большинства животных его величина составила 100 %. Проведена оценка генетической структуры животных нового заводского типа в белорусской мясной породе по генам RYR 1, ESR, Н-FABP и IGF2