213 research outputs found
Optically-induced lensing effect on a Bose-Einstein condensate expanding in a moving lattice
We report the experimental observation of a lensing effect on a Bose-Einstein
condensate expanding in a moving 1D optical lattice. The effect of the periodic
potential can be described by an effective mass dependent on the condensate
quasi-momentum. By changing the velocity of the atoms in the frame of the
optical lattice we induce a focusing of the condensate along the lattice
direction. The experimental results are compared with the numerical predictions
of an effective 1D theoretical model. Besides, a precise band spectroscopy of
the system is carried out by looking at the real-space propagation of the
atomic wavepacket in the optical lattice.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; minor changes applied and typos corrected; a new
paragraph added; some references updated; journal reference adde
Strontium optical lattice clocks for practical realization of the metre and secondary representation of the second
We present a system of two independent strontium optical lattice standards
probed with a single shared ultra-narrow laser. The absolute frequency of the
clocks can be verified by the use of Er:fiber optical frequency comb with the
GPS-disciplined Rb frequency standard. We report hertz-level spectroscopy of
the clock line and measurements of frequency stability of the two strontium
optical lattice clocks.Comment: This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article
accepted for publication in Meas. Sci. Technol. The publisher is not
responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or
any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at
doi:10.1088/0957-0233/26/7/07520
Free-fall expansion of finite-temperature Bose-Einstein condensed gas in the non Thomas-Fermi regime
We report on our study of the free-fall expansion of a finite-temperature
Bose-Einstein condensed cloud of 87Rb. The experiments are performed with a
variable total number of atoms while keeping constant the number of atoms in
the condensate. The results provide evidence that the BEC dynamics depends on
the interaction with thermal fraction. In particular, they provide experimental
evidence that thermal cloud compresses the condensate.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Microscale to Manufacturing Scale-up of Cell-Free Cytokine Production—A New Approach for Shortening Protein Production Development Timelines
Engineering robust protein production and purification of correctly folded biotherapeutic proteins in cell-based systems is often challenging due to the requirements for maintaining complex cellular networks for cell viability and the need to develop associated downstream processes that reproducibly yield biopharmaceutical products with high product quality. Here, we present an alternative Escherichia coli-based open cell-free synthesis (OCFS) system that is optimized for predictable high-yield protein synthesis and folding at any scale with straightforward downstream purification processes. We describe how the linear scalability of OCFS allows rapid process optimization of parameters affecting extract activation, gene sequence optimization, and redox folding conditions for disulfide bond formation at microliter scales. Efficient and predictable high-level protein production can then be achieved using batch processes in standard bioreactors. We show how a fully bioactive protein produced by OCFS from optimized frozen extract can be purified directly using a streamlined purification process that yields a biologically active cytokine, human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, produced at titers of 700 mg/L in 10 h. These results represent a milestone for in vitro protein synthesis, with potential for the cGMP production of disulfide-bonded biotherapeutic proteins. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:1570–1578. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
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Inconsistent coral bleaching risk indicators between temperature data sources
Coral reefs are facing severe threats and are at risk of accelerated decline due to climate change-induced changes in their environment. Ongoing efforts to understand the mechanisms of coral response to warming rely on multiple sources of temperature data. Yet, it remains uncertain whether the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data used for coral reef studies are consistent among different data products, despite potential implications for conservation. A better understanding of the consistency among the different SST data applied to coral reefs may facilitate the fusion of data into a standard product. This will improve monitoring and understanding of the impact of global warming on coral reefs. Four types of SST data across North-Western and South-Western Australia are compared to assess their differences and ability to observe high thermal stress during historical coral bleaching events. The four SST data sources included those derived from Global Circulation Models, NOAA CoralTemp SST product, ESA CCI SST product, and coral core derived SST. Coral bleaching risk indicators, Degree Heating Week (DHW), and Degree Heating Month (DHM) were calculated using these sources and compared for consistency. DHW and DHM were inconsistent among data sets and did not accurately reflect high thermal stress metrics during moderate and severe bleaching events. Some reefs did not experience bleaching in spite of high DHWs and DHMs, suggesting a mismatch in data scales, or perhaps other oceanographic factors and coral adaptation. By exploring the differences and similarities among these four data sources, this study highlights the need to compare existing indicators of thermal stress from different data sets
Thermomechanical Fatigue Behavior of a Silicon Carbide Fiber-Reinforced Calcium Aluminosilicate Composite
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65874/1/j.1151-2916.1993.tb04022.x.pd
On roughness measurement by angular speckle correlation
In this work, the influence of both characteristics of the lens and misalignment of the incident beams on roughness measurement is presented. To investigate how the focal length and diameter affect the degree of correlation between the speckle patterns, a set of experiments with different lenses is performed. On the other hand, the roughness when the beams separated by an amount are non-coincident at the same point on the sample is measured. To conclude the study, the uncertainty of the method is calculated
Frequency Dependence of Fatigue Life and Internal Heating of a Fiber-Reinforced/Ceramic-Matrix Composite
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65943/1/j.1151-2916.1994.tb04587.x.pd
Spatial heterodyne observations of water (SHOW) from a high-altitude airplane: characterization, performance, and first results
The Spatial Heterodyne Observations of Water instrument (SHOW) is a
limb-sounding satellite prototype that utilizes the Spatial Heterodyne
Spectroscopy (SHS) technique, operating in a limb-viewing configuration, to
observe limb-scattered sunlight in a vibrational band of water vapour within
a spectral window from 1363 to 1366 nm. The goal is to retrieve high
vertical and horizontal resolution measurements of water vapour in the upper
troposphere and lower stratosphere. The prototype instrument has been
configured for observations from NASA's ER-2 high-altitude airborne remote
science airplane. Flying at a maximum altitude of ∼21.34 km with a
maximum speed of ∼760 km h−1, the
ER-2 provides a stable platform to simulate observations from a low-earth
orbit satellite. Demonstration flights were performed from the ER-2 during an
observation campaign from 15 to 22 July 2017. In this paper, we present the
laboratory characterization work and the level 0 to level 1 processing of
flight data that were obtained during an engineering flight performed on
18 July 2017. Water vapour profile retrievals are presented and compared to
in situ radiosonde measurements made of the same approximate column of air.
These measurements are used to validate the SHOW measurement concept and
examine the sensitivity of the technique.</p
Merged SAGE II, Ozone_cci and OMPS ozone profile dataset and evaluation of ozone trends in the stratosphere
In this paper, we present a merged dataset of ozone profiles from
several satellite instruments: SAGE II on ERBS, GOMOS, SCIAMACHY and
MIPAS on Envisat, OSIRIS on Odin, ACE-FTS on SCISAT, and OMPS on
Suomi-NPP. The merged dataset is created in the framework of the
European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative (Ozone_cci) with
the aim of analyzing stratospheric ozone trends. For the merged
dataset, we used the latest versions of the original ozone
datasets. The datasets from the individual instruments have been
extensively validated and intercompared; only those datasets which
are in good agreement, and do not exhibit significant drifts with
respect to collocated ground-based observations and with respect to
each other, are used for merging. The long-term SAGE–CCI–OMPS
dataset is created by computation and merging of deseasonalized
anomalies from individual instruments.
The merged SAGE–CCI–OMPS dataset consists of deseasonalized
anomalies of ozone in 10° latitude bands from 90° S
to 90° N and from 10 to 50 km in steps of
1 km covering the period from October 1984 to
July 2016. This newly created dataset is used for evaluating ozone
trends in the stratosphere through multiple linear
regression. Negative ozone trends in the upper stratosphere are
observed before 1997 and positive trends are found after 1997. The
upper stratospheric trends are statistically significant at
midlatitudes and indicate ozone recovery, as expected from the
decrease of stratospheric halogens that started in the middle of the
1990s and stratospheric cooling
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