Neural network ChatGPT: a helping hand or a new competitor?

Since artificial intelligence attracts more attention in recent years, we analyzed one of the most advanced neural networks called Chat GPT. It was determined that neural networks are a type of artificial intelligence that simulate the work of the human brain and constantly adapt to new data inputs in order to become more efficient. The history, types and examples of neural networks are mentioned. The GPT-2 Output Detector which was developed to detect fake news and biased information generated by AI was described. The working principles of Chat GPT, benefits and risks connected with the use of this neural network are given in details. Different prospects of Chat GPT development are proposed

Conditions and technologies of students ecological culture formation

© Authors. Technical progress is closely connected with the social and everyday comfort of society, with the level of the needs of modern society, but the disruption of production cycles, the low level of environmental management culture, the unintelligible consequences of its power over the surrounding world, destroy the harmony of the environment and human beings. The purpose of the paper is directed to improve the professional training of graduates of higher educational institutions, capable of solving production problems with minimizing environmental risks. The authors revealed pedagogical approaches to environmental education and substantiated the essence of the concept "ecological culture of students". Pedagogical conditions that contribute to the formation of ecological culture of university students are developed, introduced and experimental tested. The paper is intended for teachers, heads of educational organizations, researchers dealing with environmental security issues

Ferro-electric phase transition in a polar liquid and the nature of \lambda-transition in supercooled water

We develop a series of approximations to calculate free energy of a polar liquid. We show that long range nature of dipole interactions between the molecules leads to para-electric state instability at low temperatures and to a second-order phase transition. We establish the transition temperature, T_{c}, both within mean field and ring diagrams approximation and show that the ferro-electric transition may play an important role explaining a number of peculiar properties of supercooled water, such as weak singularity of dielectric constant as well as to a large extent anomalous density behavior. Finally we discuss the role of fluctuations, shorter range forces and establish connections with phenomenological models of polar liquids.Comment: 5 pages, 1 eps figure, density anomaly at T=4C analysis adde

Nucleologenesis in the Caenorhabditis elegans Embryo

In the Caenorhabditis elegans nematode, the oocyte nucleolus disappears prior to fertilization. We have now investigated the re-formation of the nucleolus in the early embryo of this model organism by immunostaining for fibrillarin and DAO-5, a putative NOLC1/Nopp140 homolog involved in ribosome assembly. We find that labeled nucleoli first appear in somatic cells at around the 8-cell stage, at a time when transcription of the embryonic genome begins. Quantitative analysis of radial positioning showed the nucleolus to be localized at the nuclear periphery in a majority of early embryonic nuclei. At the ultrastructural level, the embryonic nucleolus appears to be composed of a relatively homogenous core surrounded by a crescent-shaped granular structure. Prior to embryonic genome activation, fibrillarin and DAO-5 staining is seen in numerous small nucleoplasmic foci. This staining pattern persists in the germline up to the ∼100-cell stage, until the P4 germ cell divides to give rise to the Z2/Z3 primordial germ cells and embryonic transcription is activated in this lineage. In the ncl-1 mutant, which is characterized by increased transcription of rDNA, DAO-5-labeled nucleoli are already present at the 2-cell stage. Our results suggest a link between the activation of transcription and the initial formation of nucleoli in the C. elegans embryo

Localisation of Human Papillomavirus 16 E7 Oncoprotein Changes with Cell Confluence

E7 is one of the best studied proteins of human papillomavirus type 16, largely because of its oncogenic potential linked to cervical cancer. Yet the sub-cellular location of E7 remains confounding, even though it has been shown to be able to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Here we show with immunocytochemistry that E7 proteins are located in the nucleus and cytoplasm in sub-confluent cells, but becomes cytoplasmic in confluent cells. The change in E7's location is independent of time in culture, cell division, cell cycle phase or cellular differentiation. Levels of E7 are also increased in confluent cells as determined by Western blotting. Our investigations have also uncovered how different analytical techniques influence the observation of where E7 is localised, highlighting the importance of technical choice in such analysis. Understanding the localisation of E7 will help us to better comprehend the function of E7 on its target proteins

Противоопухолевая активность кураксина CBL0137 на моделях острых лейкозов in vitro

Background. Curaxin CBL0137 is a novel non-genotoxic compound with anti-cancer activity based on CBL0137 ability of non-covalent interaction with DNA causing histone chaperone FACT relocation. Anti-cancer activity of this drug was demonstrated previously on the wide panel of solid cancer models in vitro and in vivo.Objectives. Estimation of anticancer effects of CBL0137 on the acute myeloblastic leukemia cells (THP-1) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (CCRF-CEM).Materials and methods. CBL0137 cytotoxicity was analyzed using the MTT test, the effects on the cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry, the activity of signaling pathways in cells treated with CBL0137 was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results. Cell treatment with CBL0137 led to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction. In the study of CBL0137 effect on target gene clusters of 10 signal transduction pathways involved in the pathogenesis of acute leukemia we have showed that CBL0137 inhibited the expression of down-stream genes of WNT and Hedgehog signaling in both cell lines. In THP-1 cells we also observed the inhibition of the expression of PPARγ target and hypoxia-activated genes. In CCRF-CEM cells CBL0137 also induced the expression of Notch signaling target genes.Conclusion. The antitumor activity of CBL0137 was demonstrated on acute leukemia cell cultures, the drug possesses cytotoxicity, causes cell cycle arrest and activation of apoptosis. Significant changes in the expression of efferent gene clusters of several signaling pathways were observed in the cells treated with CBL0137.Введение. Кураксин CBL0137 – новое негенотоксичное соединение, обладающее противоопухолевой активностью, в основе которой лежит способность препарата нековалентно взаимодействовать с ДНК, вызывая транслокацию гистонового шаперона FACT в хроматиновую фракцию. Ранее противоопухолевая активность этого агента была продемонстрирована относительно широкого спектра солидных опухолей in vitro и in vivo.Цель исследования – изучение противоопухолевой активности CBL0137 в отношении клеток острого миелобластного лейкоза (THP-1) и острого лимфобластного лейкоза (CCRF-CEM) in vitro.Материалы и методы. Для определения цитотоксичности CBL0137 использовали МТТ-тест, влияние на клеточный цикл и индукцию апоптоза оценивали с помощью проточной цитофлуориметрии, активность функционирования сигнальных путей при действии на клетки CBL0137 определяли с помощью полимеразной цепной реакции в реальном времени.Результаты. Обработка клеток CBL0137 приводит к аресту клеточного цикла и активации апоптоза. При исследовании влияния CBL0137 на кластеры таргетных генов 10 сигнальных путей, вовлеченных в онкогенез острых лейкозов, его ингибирующее действие было выявлено для сигнальных путей WNT и Hedgehog в обеих клеточных линиях. В клеточной линии THP-1 также наблюдалось ингибирование эфферентных генов PPARγ и генов, активирующихся при гипоксии. В клетках CCRF-CEM при действии CBL0137, кроме того, наблюдалось усиление экспрессии всех исследованных таргетных генов сигнального пути Notch.Заключение. На культурах клеток острых лейкозов продемонстрирована противоопухолевая активность CBL0137, препарат обладает цитотоксичностью, вызывает арест клеточного цикла и активацию апоптоза. При действии CBL0137 наблюдаются значительные изменения в экспрессии кластеров эфферентных генов сразу нескольких сигнальных путей

New Assembly, Reannotation and Analysis of the Entamoeba histolytica Genome Reveal New Genomic Features and Protein Content Information

Entamoeba histolytica is an anaerobic parasitic protozoan that causes amoebic dysentery. The parasites colonize the large intestine, but under some circumstances may invade the intestinal mucosa, enter the bloodstream and lead to the formation of abscesses such amoebic liver abscesses. The draft genome of E. histolytica, published in 2005, provided the scientific community with the first comprehensive view of the gene set for this parasite and important tools for elucidating the genetic basis of Entamoeba pathogenicity. Because complete genetic knowledge is critical for drug discovery and potential vaccine development for amoebiases, we have re-examined the original draft genome for E. histolytica. We have corrected the sequence assembly, improved the gene predictions and refreshed the functional gene assignments. As a result, this effort has led to a more accurate gene annotation, and the discovery of novel features, such as the presence of genome segmental duplications and the close association of some gene families with transposable elements. We believe that continuing efforts to improve genomic data will undoubtedly help to identify and characterize potential targets for amoebiasis control, as well as to contribute to a better understanding of genome evolution and pathogenesis for this parasite

Ribosomal RNA of Hyacinthus orientalis L. female gametophyte cells before and after fertilization

The nucleolar activity of Hyacinthus orientalis L. embryo sac cells was investigated. The distributions of nascent pre-rRNA (ITS1), 26S rRNA and of the 5S rRNA and U3 snoRNA were determined using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Our results indicated the different rRNA metabolism of the H. orientalis female gametophyte cells before and after fertilization. In the target cells for the male gamete, i.e., the egg cell and the central cell whose activity is silenced in the mature embryo sac (Pięciński et al. in Sex Plant Reprod 21:247–257, 2008; Niedojadło et al. in Planta doi:10.1007/s00425-012-1599-9, 2011), rRNA metabolism is directed at the accumulation of rRNPs in the cytoplasm and immature transcripts in the nucleolus. In both cells, fertilization initiates the maturation of the maternal pre-rRNA and the expression of zygotic rDNA. The resumption of rRNA transcription observed in the hyacinth zygote indicates that in plants, there is a different mechanism for the regulation of RNA Pol I activity than in animals. In synergids and antipodal cells, which have somatic functions, the nucleolar activity is correlated with the metabolic activity of these cells and changes in successive stages of embryo sac development

Conditions and technologies of students ecological culture formation

© Authors. Technical progress is closely connected with the social and everyday comfort of society, with the level of the needs of modern society, but the disruption of production cycles, the low level of environmental management culture, the unintelligible consequences of its power over the surrounding world, destroy the harmony of the environment and human beings. The purpose of the paper is directed to improve the professional training of graduates of higher educational institutions, capable of solving production problems with minimizing environmental risks. The authors revealed pedagogical approaches to environmental education and substantiated the essence of the concept "ecological culture of students". Pedagogical conditions that contribute to the formation of ecological culture of university students are developed, introduced and experimental tested. The paper is intended for teachers, heads of educational organizations, researchers dealing with environmental security issues

Power-Supply Systems Reliability Control

System reliability control is proposed to maintain through the usage of the operating time between the system components' failure. Usually, trouble-free (reliability) is assessed considering component failures. Almost all the system probabilistic parameters were determined via the component failures. The system reliability control requires another approach to solve this kind of problem. The first thing is a rational system component selection, which is necessary to provide its reliable functioning in the process of exploitation, safe maintenance, cost-effective mounting and dismounting. Secondly, the components must meet technical and economic feasibility requirements. They cannot be used with high or low capacity. If the component capacity is overrated, you bear unjustified costs, i.e. you pay an increased price for the purchase of spare parts and new components if they are replaced. In case of the low capacity increasing loads on the system cause its component load increase, which leads to the breakdown. Prevention of the occurrence of failures in the system, will increase the system's trouble-free and, therefore, its reliability. Therefore, the system reliability can be controlled