83 research outputs found
Eficácia de fungicidas no controle da antracnose da videira.
A antracnose, causada pelo fungo Elsinoe ampelina, constitui-se numa das mais importantes doenças da videira no Rio Grande do Sul. Seu controle quĂmico Ă© fundamental no inicio da brotação, quando as tecidos jovens sgo mais sensĂveis. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia de fungicidas no controle do fungo causador da antracnose. O experimento foi realizado na EMBRAPA-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Uva e Vinho, nas cvs. Riesling Renano e Flora, em 1988, 1990 e 2991. Foram feitos 11, 16 e 8 tratamentos, em cada ano, respectivamente. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As aplicações foram realizadas com pulverizador costal manual nos estádios 5,9,12 e 15 da escala fenolĂłgica da videira, descrita por Eichhorn & Lorenz e publicada pela EPPO (1984). Foi avaliada a gravidade da doença na base dos ramos e nas folhas basais 7 a 10 dias apĂłs a Ăşltima aplicação. Os resultados indicam que o fungicida mais eficaz foi o Imibenconazole. Os produtos com eficácia mĂ©dia foram Triflumizole + Tiofanato metilico, Dithianona, Benomil e Captafol; já os tratamentos com Ziram, Folpet, Clorotalonil e Tiofanato metilico + C lorotaionil foram de baixa eficácia no controle da doença.bitstream/item/40303/1/bop008.pd
Ehrlich tumor induces TRPV1-dependent evoked and non-evoked pain-like behavior in mice
We standardized a model by injecting Ehrlich tumor cells into the paw to evaluate cancer pain mechanisms and pharmacological treatments. Opioid treatment, but not cyclooxygenase inhibitor or tricyclic antidepressant treatments reduces Ehrlich tumor pain. To best use this model for drug screening it is essential to understand its pathophysiological mechanisms. Herein, we investigated the contribution of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) in the Ehrlich tumor-induced pain model. Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons from the Ehrlich tumor mice presented higher activity (calcium levels using fluo-4 fluorescent probe) and an increased response to capsaicin (TRPV1 agonist) than the saline-injected animals
Neuroinflammation, Mast Cells, and Glia: Dangerous Liaisons
The perspective of neuroinflammation as an epiphenomenon following neuron damage is being replaced by the awareness of glia and their importance in neural functions and disorders. Systemic inflammation generates signals that communicate with the brain and leads to changes in metabolism and behavior, with microglia assuming a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Identification of potential peripheral-to-central cellular links is thus a critical step in designing effective therapeutics. Mast cells may fulfill such a role. These resident immune cells are found close to and within peripheral nerves and in brain parenchyma/meninges, where they exercise a key role in orchestrating the inflammatory process from initiation through chronic activation. Mast cells and glia engage in crosstalk that contributes to accelerate disease progression; such interactions become exaggerated with aging and increased cell sensitivity to stress. Emerging evidence for oligodendrocytes, independent of myelin and support of axonal integrity, points to their having strong immune functions, innate immune receptor expression, and production/response to chemokines and cytokines that modulate immune responses in the central nervous system while engaging in crosstalk with microglia and astrocytes. In this review, we summarize the findings related to our understanding of the biology and cellular signaling mechanisms of neuroinflammation, with emphasis on mast cell-glia interactions
Budlein A, a Sesquiterpene Lactone From Viguiera robusta, Alleviates Pain and Inflammation in a Model of Acute Gout Arthritis in Mice
Background: Gout is the most common inflammatory arthritis worldwide. It is a painful inflammatory disease induced by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joints and peri-articular tissues. Sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are secondary metabolite biosynthesized mainly by species from the family Asteraceae. It has been demonstrated that SLs present anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antitumoral, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial activities. In this study, we aimed at evaluating the efficacy of the SL budlein A in a model of acute gout arthritis in mice.Methods: Experiments were conducted in male Swiss or male LysM-eGFP mice. Animals were treated with budlein A (1 or 10 mg/kg) or vehicle 30 min before stimulus with MSU (100 μg/10 μL, intra-articular). Knee joint withdrawal threshold and edema were evaluated using electronic von Frey and caliper, respectively, 1–15 h after MSU injection. Leukocyte recruitment was determined by counting cells (Neubauer chamber), H&E staining, and using LysM-eGFP mice by confocal microscopy. Inflammasome components, Il-1β, and Tnf-α mRNA expression were determined by RT-qPCR. IL-1β and TNF-α production (in vitro) and NF-κB activation (in vitro and in vivo) were evaluated by ELISA. In vitro analysis using LPS-primed bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) was performed 5 h after stimulation with MSU crystals. For these experiments, BMDMs were either treated or pre-treated with budlein A at concentrations of 1, 3, or 10 μg/mL.Results: We demonstrated that budlein A reduced mechanical hypersensitivity and knee joint edema. Moreover, it reduced neutrophil recruitment, phagocytosis of MSU crystals by neutrophils, and Il-1β and Tnf-α mRNA expression in the knee joint. In vitro, budlein A decreased TNF-α production, which might be related to the inhibition of NF-κB activation. Furthermore, budlein A also reduced the IL-1β maturation, possibly by targeting inflammasome assembly in macrophages.Conclusion: Budlein A reduced pain and inflammation in a model of acute gout arthritis in mice. Therefore, it is likely that molecules with the ability of targeting NF-κB activation and inflammasome assembly, such as budlein A, are interesting approaches to treat gout flares
Social disclosure and cost of equity in public companies in Brazil
Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar a relação entre o nĂvel de social disclosure e o custo de capital prĂłprio em companhias abertas no
Brasil. Assume-se a hipótese de que os programas sociais externos promovidos ou apoiados pelas empresas contribuem para a construção
da imagem reputacional das organizações, compensando as externalidades, trazendo benefĂcios sob o ponto de vista econĂ´mico, pela
relação negativa com o custo do capital. Para testar essa hipótese, foram coletados e analisados os relatórios de responsabilidade social de
83 empresas listadas na Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias e Futuros de SĂŁo Paulo (BM&FBovespa), no perĂodo de 2005 a 2009. Para avaliação
do nĂvel de social disclosure das empresas analisadas, foi utilizado um Ăndice composto de 13 indicadores. O custo de capital prĂłprio foi
ajustado ao risco mediante o Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) e testado por meio de regressĂŁo com dados em painel com efeitos fixos
seccionais. Os resultados evidenciam que há relação negativa entre custo de capital prĂłprio e nĂvel de social disclosure, indicando, para o
mercado acionário brasileiro, uma forma semiforte de eficiência de mercado. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThis study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of social disclosure and the cost of equity in public companies in Brazil. The
hypothesis is that external social programs promoted or supported by a company increase the organization's reputation, compensate for
externalities and bring economic benefits through the negative relationship with the cost of equity. To test this hypothesis, social responsibility
reports of 83 companies listed on the SĂŁo Paulo Stock, Mercantile and Futures Exchanges (Bolsa de Valores, Mercadorias e Futuros de SĂŁo
Paulo - BM&FBovespa) from the period 2005-2009 were collected and analyzed. A composite index of 13 indicators was used to evaluate
the social disclosure level of the companies analyzed. The cost of equity was risk-adjusted using the capital asset-pricing model (CAPM) and
regression tested using panel data with cross-sectional fixed effects. The results show a negative relationship between the cost of equity and level
of social disclosure, indicating that the Brazilian stock market has a semi-strong form of market efficiency
Participatory sensing and education : helping the community mitigate sleep disturbance from traffic noise
Purpose: This paper aims to present a project in Australia, where participants use smartphones to measure the level of traffic noise in their homes. Through the data collected, participants learn if they are subjected to sleep disturbances and, if so, understand how they can manage the issue to protect their health. The project also has a secondary purpose: the local council would like to engage its community through the exercise and be seen as acting on the community’s problems.
Design/methodology/approach: The approach taken was the development of a mobile app call 2Loud? that turns the smartphones of participants into noise sensors with accuracies comparable to professional sound-meters. The data collected are analyzed by environment and acoustic experts, and personalized feedback, in the form of mitigation strategies, is then provided. The strategies are delivered through the app to allow participants to share within the community and hence, propagate the solution to non-participants.
Findings: Participants who are technologically literate find a sense of empowerment as a result. They confirmed the importance of “closing the loop” with the feedback they received after their voluntary data collection effort. They also reported some sense of satisfaction with the technology as an interim solution and noted the council’s creative approach.
Originality/value: This project first showcases how a participatory setup could be extended to create a “closed-loop” feedback system that further empowers its users. It is also a case example of how an organization could engage and manage its stakeholders’ expectations through innovative use of participatory sensing systems
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