The smarty4covid dataset and knowledge base: a framework enabling interpretable analysis of audio signals

Harnessing the power of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and m-health towards detecting new bio-markers indicative of the onset and progress of respiratory abnormalities/conditions has greatly attracted the scientific and research interest especially during COVID-19 pandemic. The smarty4covid dataset contains audio signals of cough (4,676), regular breathing (4,665), deep breathing (4,695) and voice (4,291) as recorded by means of mobile devices following a crowd-sourcing approach. Other self reported information is also included (e.g. COVID-19 virus tests), thus providing a comprehensive dataset for the development of COVID-19 risk detection models. The smarty4covid dataset is released in the form of a web-ontology language (OWL) knowledge base enabling data consolidation from other relevant datasets, complex queries and reasoning. It has been utilized towards the development of models able to: (i) extract clinically informative respiratory indicators from regular breathing records, and (ii) identify cough, breath and voice segments in crowd-sourced audio recordings. A new framework utilizing the smarty4covid OWL knowledge base towards generating counterfactual explanations in opaque AI-based COVID-19 risk detection models is proposed and validated.Comment: Submitted for publication in Nature Scientific Dat

Prediction-Coherent LSTM-based Recurrent Neural Network for Safer Glucose Predictions in Diabetic People

In the context of time-series forecasting, we propose a LSTM-based recurrent neural network architecture and loss function that enhance the stability of the predictions. In particular, the loss function penalizes the model, not only on the prediction error (mean-squared error), but also on the predicted variation error. We apply this idea to the prediction of future glucose values in diabetes, which is a delicate task as unstable predictions can leave the patient in doubt and make him/her take the wrong action, threatening his/her life. The study is conducted on type 1 and type 2 diabetic people, with a focus on predictions made 30-minutes ahead of time. First, we confirm the superiority, in the context of glucose prediction, of the LSTM model by comparing it to other state-of-the-art models (Extreme Learning Machine, Gaussian Process regressor, Support Vector Regressor). Then, we show the importance of making stable predictions by smoothing the predictions made by the models, resulting in an overall improvement of the clinical acceptability of the models at the cost in a slight loss in prediction accuracy. Finally, we show that the proposed approach, outperforms all baseline results. More precisely, it trades a loss of 4.3\% in the prediction accuracy for an improvement of the clinical acceptability of 27.1\%. When compared to the moving average post-processing method, we show that the trade-off is more efficient with our approach

What do healthcare professionals need to turn risk models for type 2 diabetes into usable computerized clinical decision support systems? Lessons learned from the MOSAIC project

[EN] Background To understand user needs, system requirements and organizational conditions towards successful design and adoption of Clinical Decision Support Systems for Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) care built on top of computerized risk models. Methods The holistic and evidence-based CEHRES Roadmap, used to create eHealth solutions through participatory development approach, persuasive design techniques and business modelling, was adopted in the MOSAIC project to define the sequence of multidisciplinary methods organized in three phases, user needs, implementation and evaluation. The research was qualitative, the total number of participants was ninety, about five-seventeen involved in each round of experiment. Results Prediction models for the onset of T2D are built on clinical studies, while for T2D care are derived from healthcare registries. Accordingly, two set of DSSs were defined: the first, T2D Screening, introduces a novel routine; in the second case, T2D Care, DSSs can support managers at population level, and daily practitioners at individual level. In the user needs phase, T2D Screening and solution T2D Care at population level share similar priorities, as both deal with risk-stratification. End-users of T2D Screening and solution T2D Care at individual level prioritize easiness of use and satisfaction, while managers prefer the tools to be available every time and everywhere. In the implementation phase, three Use Cases were defined for T2D Screening, adapting the tool to different settings and granularity of information. Two Use Cases were defined around solutions T2D Care at population and T2D Care at individual, to be used in primary or secondary care. Suitable filtering options were equipped with "attractive" visual analytics to focus the attention of end-users on specific parameters and events. In the evaluation phase, good levels of user experience versus bad level of usability suggest that end-users of T2D Screening perceived the potential, but they are worried about complexity. Usability and user experience were above acceptable thresholds for T2D Care at population and T2D Care at individual. Conclusions By using a holistic approach, we have been able to understand user needs, behaviours and interactions and give new insights in the definition of effective Decision Support Systems to deal with the complexity of T2D care.The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) grant agreement no 600914.Fico, G.; Hernandez, L.; Cancela, J.; Dagliati, A.; Sacchi, L.; Martinez-Millana, A.; Posada, J.... (2019). What do healthcare professionals need to turn risk models for type 2 diabetes into usable computerized clinical decision support systems? 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EPMA-World Congress 2015: Bonn, Germany. 3-5 September 2015

Table of contents A1 Predictive and prognostic biomarker panel for targeted application of radioembolisation improving individual outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma Jella-Andrea Abraham, Olga Golubnitschaja A2 Integrated market access approach amplifying value of “Rx-CDx” Ildar Akhmetov A3 Disaster response: an opportunity to improve global healthcare Russell J. Andrews, Leonidas Quintana A4 USA PPPM: proscriptive, profligate, profiteering medicine-good for 1 % wealthy, not for 99 % unhealthy Russell J. Andrews A5 The role of IDO in a murine model of gingivitis: predictive and therapeutic potentials Babak Baban, Jun Yao Liu, Xu Qin, Tailing Wang, Mahmood S. Mozaffari A6 Specific diets for personalised treatment of diabetes type 2 Viktoriia V. Bati, Tamara V. Meleshko, Olga B. Levchuk, Nadiya V. Boyko A7 Towards personalized physiotherapeutic approach Joanna Bauer, Ewa Boerner, Halina Podbielska A8 Cells, animal, SHIME and in silico models for detection and verification of specific biomarkers of non-communicable chronic diseases Alojz Bomba, Viktor O. Petrov, Volodymyr G. Drobnych, Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Oksana M. Bykova, Nadiya V. Boyko A9 INTERACT-chronic care model: Self-treatment by patients with decision support e-Health solution Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca, Lutz Fleischhacker, Olga Golubnitschaja, Frank Heemskerk, Thomas Helms, Tiny Jaarsma, Judita Kinkorova, Jan Ramaekers, Peter Ruff, Ivana Schnur, Emilio Vanoli, Jose Verdu A10 PPPM in cardiovascular medicine in 2015 Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca A11 Magnetic resonance imaging of nanoparticles in mice, potential for theranostic and contrast media development – pilot results Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Sergiy A. Grabovetskyi, Olena M. Mykhalchenko, Natalia O. Tymoshok, Oleksandr B. Shcherbakov, Igor P. Semeniv, Mykola Y. Spivak A12 Ultrasound diagnosis for diabetic neuropathy - comparative study Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Tetyana V. Ostapenko A13 Ultrasound for stratification patients with diabetic foot ulcers for prevention and personalized treatment - pilot results Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Nazarii M. Kobyliak, Nadiya M. Zholobak, Mykola Ya. Spivak A14 Project ImaGenX – designing and executing a questionnaire on environment and lifestyle risk of breast cancer John Paul Cauchi A15 Genomics – a new structural brand of predictive, preventive and personalized medicine or the new driver as well? Dmitrii Cherepakhin, Marina Bakay, Artem Borovikov, Sergey Suchkov A16 Survey of questionnaires for evaluation of the quality of life in various medical fields Barbara Cieślik, Agnieszka Migasiewicz, Maria-Luiza Podbielska, Markus Pelleter, Agnieszka Giemza, Halina Podbielska A17 Personalized molecular treatment for muscular dystrophies Sebahattin Cirak A18 Secondary mutations in circulating tumour DNA for acquired drug resistance in patients with advanced ALK + NSCLC Marzia Del Re, Paola Bordi, Valentina Citi, Marta Palombi, Carmine Pinto, Marcello Tiseo, Romano Danesi A19 Recombinant species-specific FcεRI alpha proteins for diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergies in dogs, cats and horses Lukas Einhorn, Judit Fazekas, Martina Muhr, Alexandra Schoos, Lucia Panakova, Ina Herrmann, Krisztina Manzano-Szalai, Kumiko Oida, Edda Fiebiger, Josef Singer, Erika Jensen-Jarolim A20 Global methodology for developmental neurotoxicity testing in humans and animals early and chronically exposed to chemical contaminants Arpiné A. Elnar, Nadia Ouamara, Nadiya Boyko, Xavier Coumoul, Jean-Philippe Antignac, Bruno Le Bizec, Gauthier Eppe, Jenny Renaut, Torsten Bonn, Cédric Guignard, Margherita Ferrante, Maria Liusa Chiusano, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Gerard O'Keeffe, John Cryan, Michelle Bisson, Amina Barakat, Ihsane Hmamouchi, Nasser Zawia, Anumantha Kanthasamy, Glen E. Kisby, Rui Alves, Oscar Villacañas Pérez, Kim Burgard, Peter Spencer, Norbert Bomba, Martin Haranta, Nina Zaitseva, Irina May, Stéphanie Grojean, Mathilde Body-Malapel, Florencia Harari, Raul Harari, Kristina Yeghiazaryan, Olga Golubnitschaja, Vittorio Calabrese, Christophe Nemos, Rachid Soulimani A21 Mental indicators at young people with attributes hypertension and pre-hypertension Maria E. Evsevyeva, Elena A. Mishenko, Zurida V. Kumukova, Evgeniy V. Chudnovsky, Tatyana A. Smirnova A22 On the approaches to the early diagnosis of stress-induced hypertension in young employees of State law enforcement agencies Maria E. Evsevyeva, Ludmila V. Ivanova, Michail V. Eremin, Maria V. Rostovtseva A23 Сentral aortic pressure and indexes of augmentation in young persons in view of risk factors Maria E. Evsevyeva, Michail V. Eremin, Vladimir I. Koshel, Oksana V. Sergeeva, Nadesgda M. Konovalova A24 Breast cancer prediction and prevention: Are reliable biomarkers in horizon? Shantanu Girotra, Olga Golubnitschaja A25 Flammer Syndrome and potential formation of pre-metastatic niches: A multi-centred study on phenotyping, patient stratification, prediction and potential prevention of aggressive breast cancer and metastatic disease Olga Golubnitschaja, Manuel Debald, Walther Kuhn, Kristina Yeghiazaryan, Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Vadym M. Goncharenko, Ulyana Lushchyk, Godfrey Grech, Katarzyna Konieczka A26 Innovative tools for prenatal diagnostics and monitoring: improving individual pregnancy outcomes and health-economy in EU Olga Golubnitschaja, Jan Jaap Erwich, Vincenzo Costigliola, Kristina Yeghiazaryan, Ulrich Gembruch A27 Immunohistochemical assessment of APUD cells in endometriosis Vadym M. Goncharenko, Vasyl O. Beniuk, Olga V. Kalenska, Rostyslav V. Bubnov A28 Updating personalized management algorithm of endometrial hyperplasia in pre-menopause women Vadym M. Goncharenko, Vasyl O. Beniuk, Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Olga Melnychuk A29 The personified treatment approach of polimorbid patients with periodontal inflammatory diseases Irina A. Gorbacheva, Lyudmila Y. Orekhova, Vadim V. Tachalov A30 Ukrainian experience in hybrid war – the challenge to update algorithms for personalized care and early prevention of different military injuries Olena I. Grechanyk, Rizvan Ya. Abdullaiev, Rostyslav V. Bubnov A31 Tear fluid biomarkers: a comparison of tear fluid sampling and storage protocols Suzanne Hagan, Eilidh Martin, Ian Pearce, Katherine Oliver A32 The correlation of dietary habits with gingival problems during menstruation Cenk Haytac, Fariz Salimov, Servin Yoksul, Anatoly A. Kunin, Natalia S. Moiseeva A33 Genomic medicine in a contemporary Spanish population of prostate cancer: our experience Bernardo Herrera-Imbroda, Sergio del Río-González, Maria Fernanda Lara, Antonia Angulo, Francisco Javier Machuca Santa-Cruz A34 Challenges, opportunities and collaborations for personalized medicine applicability in uro-oncological disease Bernardo Herrera-Imbroda, Sergio del Río-González, Maria Fernanda Lara A35 Metabolic hallmarks of cancer as targets for a personalized therapy John Ionescu A36 Influence of genetic polymorphism as a predictor of the development of periodontal disease in patients with gastric ulcer and 12 duodenal ulcer Alfiya Z. Isamulaeva, Anatoly A. Kunin, Shamil Sh. Magomedov, Aida I. Isamulaeva A37 Challenges in diabetic macular edema Tatjana Josifova A38 Overview of the EPMA strategies in laboratory medicine relevant for PPPM Marko Kapalla, Juraj Kubáň, Olga Golubnitschaja, Vincenzo Costigliola A39 EPMA initiative for effective organization of medical travel: European concepts and criteria Vincenzo Costigliola, Marko Kapalla, Juraj Kubáň, Olga Golubnitschaja A40 Design and innovation in e-textiles: implications for PPPM Anthony Kent, Tom Fisher, Tilak Dias A41 Biobank in Pilsen as a member of national node BBMRI_CZ Judita Kinkorová, Ondřej Topolčan A42 Big data in personalized medicine: hype and hope Matthias Kohl A43 The 3P approach as the platform of the European Dentistry Department (DPPPD) Anatoly A. Kunin, Natalia S. Moiseeva A44 The endometrium cytokine patterns for predictive diagnosis of proliferation severity and cancer prevention Andrii I. Kurchenko, Vasyl A. Beniuk, Vadym M. Goncharenko, Rostyslav V. Bubnov, Nadiya V. Boyko, Andriy M. Strokan A45 A monocyte-based in-vitro system for testing individual responses to the implanted material: future for personalized implant construction Julia Kzhyshkowska, Alexandru Gudima, Ksenia S. Stankevich, Victor D. Filimonov4, Harald Klüter, Evgeniya M. Mamontova, Sergei I. Tverdokhlebov A46 Prediction and prevention of adverse health effects by meteorological factors: Biomarker patterns and creation of a device for self-monitoring and integrated care Ulyana B. Lushchyk, Viktor V. Novytskyy, Igor P. Babii, Nadiya G. Lushchyk, Lyudmyla S. Riabets, Ivanna I. Legka A47 Targeting "disease signatures" towards personalized healthcare Mira Marcus-Kalish, Alexis Mitelpunkt, Tal Galili, Neta Shachar, Yoav Benjamini A48 Influence of the skin imperfection on the personal quality of life and possible tools for objective diagnosis Agnieszka Migasiewicz, Markus Pelleter, Joanna Bauer, Ewelina Dereń, Halina Podbielska A49 The new direction in caries prevention based on the ultrastructure of dental hard tissues and filling materials Natalia S. Moiseeva, Anatoly A. Kunin, Dmitry A. Kunin A50 The use of LED radiation in prevention of dental diseases Natalia S. Moiseeva, Yury A. Ippolitov, Dmitry A. Kunin, Alexei N. Morozov, Natalia V. Chirkova, Nakhid T. Aliev A51 Status of endothelial progenitor cells in diabetic nephropathy: predictive and preventive potentials Mahmood S. Mozaffari, Jun Yao Liu, Babak Baban A52 The status of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper protein in salivary gland in Sjögren’s syndrome: predictive and personalized treatment potentials Mahmood S. Mozaffari, Jun Yao Liu, Rafik Abdelsayed, Xing-Ming Shi, Babak Baban A53 Maximal aerobic capacity - important quality marker of health Jaroslav Novák, Milan Štork, Václav Zeman A54 The EMPOWER project: laboratory medicine and Horizon 2020 Wytze P. Oosterhuis, Elvar Theodorsson A55 Personality profile manifestations in patient’s attitude to oral care and adherence to doctor’s prescriptions Lyudmila Y. Orekhova, Tatyana V. Kudryavtseva, Elena R. Isaeva, Vadim V. Tachalov, Ekaterina S. Loboda A56 Results of an European survey on personalized medicine addressed to directions of laboratory medicine Mario Pazzagli, Francesca Malentacchi, Irene Mancini, Ivan Brandslund, Pieter Vermeersch, Matthias Schwab, Janja Marc, Ron H.N. van Schaik, Gerard Siest, Elvar Theodorsson, Chiara Di Resta A57 MCI or early dementia predictive speech based diagnosis techniques Matus Pleva, Jozef Juhar A58 Personalized speech based mobile application for eHealth Matus Pleva, Jozef Juhar A59 Circulating tumor cell-free DNA as the biomarker in the management of cancer patients Jiří Polívka jr., Filip Janků, Martin Pešta, Jan Doležal, Milena Králíčková, Jiří Polívka A60 Complex stroke care – educational programme in Stroke Centre University Hospital Plzen Jiří Polívka, Alena Lukešová, Nina Müllerová, Petr Ševčík, Vladimír Rohan A61 Sleep apnea and sleep fragmentation contribute to brain aging Kneginja Richter, Lence Miloseva, Günter Niklewski A62 Personalised approach for sleep disturbances in shift workers Kneginja Richter, Jens Acker, Guenter Niklewski A63 Medical travel and innovative PPPM clusters: new concept of integration Olga Safonicheva, Vincenzo Costigliola A64 Medical travel and women health Olga Safonicheva A65 Continuity of generations in the training of specialists in the field of reconstructive microsurgery Maxim Sautin, Janna Sinelnikova, Sergey Suchkov A66 Telemonitoring of stroke patients – empirical evidence of individual risk management results from an observational study in Germany Songül Secer, Stephan von Bandemer A67 Women’s increasing breast cancer risk with n-6 fatty acid intake explained by estrogen-fatty acid interactive effect on DNA damage: implications for gender-specific nutrition within personalized medicine Niva Shapira A68 Cytobacterioscopy of the gingival crevicular fluid as a method for preventive diagnosis of periodontal diseases Aleksandr Shcherbakov, Anatoly A. Kunin, Natalia S. Moiseeva A69 Use of specially treated composites in dentistry to avoid violations of aesthetics Bogdan R. Shumilovich, Zhanna Lipkind, Yulia Vorobieva, Dmitry A. Kunin, Anastasiia V. Sudareva A70 National eHealth system – platform for preventive, predictive and personalized diabetes care Ivica Smokovski, Tatjana Milenkovic A72 The common energy levels of Prof. Szent-Györgyi, the intrinsic chemistry of melanin, and the muscle physiopathology. Implications in the context of Preventive, Predictive, and Personalized Medicine Arturo Solís-Herrera, María del Carmen Arias-Esparza, Sergey Suchkov A73 Plurality and individuality of hepatocellular carcinoma: PPPM perspectives Krishna Chander Sridhar, Olga Golubnitschaja A74 Strategic aspects of higher medical education reforms to secure newer educational platforms for getting biopharma professionals matures Maria Studneva, Sihong Song, James Creeden, Мark Мandrik, Sergey Suchkov A75 Overview of the strategies and activities of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, (EFLM) Elvar Theodorsson, EFLM A76 New spectroscopic techniques for point of care label free diagnostics Syed A. M. Tofail A77 Tumor markers for personalized medicine and oncology - the role of Laboratory Medicine Ondřej Topolčan, Judita Kinkorová, Ondřej Fiala, Marie Karlíková, Šárka Svobodová, Radek Kučera, Radka Fuchsová, Vladislav Třeška, Václav Šimánek, Ladislav Pecen, Jan Šoupal, Štěpán Svačina2 A78 Modern medical terminology (MMT) as a driver of the global educational reforms Evgeniya Tretyak, Maria Studneva, Sergey Suchkov A79 Juvenile hypertension; the relevance of novel predictive, preventive and personalized assessment of its determinants Francesca M. Trovato, G. Fabio Martines, Daniela Brischetto, Daniela Catalano, Giuseppe Musumeci, Guglielmo M. Trovato A80 Proteomarkers Biotech George Th. Tsangaris, Athanasios K. Anagnostopoulos A81 Proteomics and mass spectrometry based non-invasive prenatal testing of fetal health and pregnancy complications George Th. Tsangaris, Athanasios K. Anagnostopoulos A82 Integrated Ecosystem for an Integrated Care model for Heart Failure (HF) patients including related comorbidities (ZENITH) José Verdú, German Gutiérrez, Jordi Rovira, Marta Martinez, Lutz Fleischhacker, Donna Green, Arthur Garson, Elena Tamburini, Stefano Cuomo, Juan Martinez-Leon, Teresa Abrisqueta, Hans-Peter Brunner-La Rocca, Tiny Jaarsma, Teresa Arredondo, Cecilia Vera, Giuseppe Fico, Olga Golubnitschaja, Fernando Arribas, Martina Onderco, Isabel Vara, on behalf of ZENITH consortium A83 Predictive, preventive and personalized medicine in diabetes onset and complication (MOSAIC project) José Verdú, Francesco Sambo, Barbara Di Camillo, Claudio Cobelli, Andrea Facchinetti, Giuseppe Fico, Riccardo Bellazzi, Lucia Sacchi, Arianna Dagliati, Daniele Segnani, Valentina Tibollo, Manuel Ottaviano, Rafael Gabriel, Leif Groop, Jacqueline Postma, Antonio Martinez, Liisa Hakaste, Tiinamaija Tuomi, Konstantia Zarkogianni, on behalf of MOSAIC consortium A84 Possibilities for personalized therapy of diabetes using in vitro screening of insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents Igor Volchek, Nina Pototskaya, Andrey Petrov A85 The innovative technology for personalized therapy of human diseases based on in vitro drug screening Igor Volchek, Nadezhda Pototskaya, Andrey Petrov A86 Bone destruction and temporomandibular joint: predictive markers, pathogenetic aspects and quality of life Ülle Voog-Oras, Oksana Jagur, Edvitar Leibur, Priit Niibo, Triin Jagomägi, Minh Son Nguyen, Chris Pruunsild, Dagmar Piikov, Mare Saag A87 Sub-optimal health management – global vision for concepts in medical travel Wei Wang A88 Sub-optimal health management: synergic PPPM-TCAM approach Wei Wang A89 Innovative technologies for minimal invasive diagnostics Andreas Weinhäusel, Walter Pulverer, Matthias Wielscher, Manuela Hofner, Christa Noehammer, Regina Soldo, Peter Hettegger, Istvan Gyurjan, Ronald Kulovics, Silvia Schönthaler, Gabriel Beikircher, Albert Kriegner, Stephan Pabinger, Klemens Vierlinger A90 Rare disease diobanks for personalized medicine Ayşe Yüzbaşıoğlu, Meral Özgüç, Member of EuroBioBank - European Network of DNA, Cell and Tissue Banks for Rare Disease

Feedback through error correction in written speech: beliefs and practices of greek language teachers in lower secondary schools

The aim of the present thesis is to investigate teacher beliefs and feedback practices regarding written error correction in secondary education in Greece. In order to study this issue in depth, the mode of inquiry followed involved a quantitative and a qualitative research study. The first one examines the extent of implementation of particular feedback practices among 230 language teachers in classes of 12-15 year old adolescents as well as the gravity they attribute to particular errors in written speech. Specifically, the data collection instrument consisted of an original questionnaire, which aimed to elicit teacher preferences for direct and indirect corrective feedback types on errors in student writing. In the qualitative research, follow-up interviews were conducted with ten teachers who participated in the preceding quantitative research, in order to shed light on how their beliefs influence the way they correct written errors and shape their feedback practices.The findings from the quantitative data analysis indicated that teachers use a limited range of error feedback strategies, focusing mainly on direct corrective feedback. In addition, discrepancies emerged between their beliefs regarding the effectiveness of practices and the frequency of their implementation. It is worth mentioning that no statistically significant correlations were found between feedback practices and the gender, age, teaching experience, or further studies of the language teachers who participated in the research. The analysis of interview qualitative data revealed that: (a). the feedback practices reported by the participants’ were influenced by their personal beliefs on them, which were appeared to come along with beliefs about the institutional and socio-cultural context of school, (b). the need for teachers to become more aware of their own beliefs and practices about corrective feedback to student writing.O σκοπός της παρούσης διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η διερεύνηση των πεποιθήσεων και πρακτικών ανατροφοδότησης των διδασκόντων σχετικά με τη διόρθωση των λαθών του γραπτού λόγου στη δευτεροβάθμια εκπαίδευση στην Ελλάδα. Προκειμένου να μελετηθεί σε βάθος η συγκεκριμένη θεματική περιοχή πραγματοποιήθηκαν μία ποσοτική και μία ποιοτική έρευνα. Η πρώτη εξετάζει τον βαθμό εφαρμογής συγκεκριμένων πρακτικών ανατροφοδότησης σε 230 έλληνες φιλολόγους του Γυμνασίου, καθώς και τη βαρύτητα, την οποία οι ίδιοι αποδίδουν σε επιμέρους λάθη του γραπτού λόγου. Ειδικότερα, ως εργαλείο μέτρησης αξιοποιήθηκε πρωτότυπο ερωτηματολόγιο, προκειμένου να εξαχθούν οι προτιμήσεις των διδασκόντων στους τύπους της άμεσης και της έμμεσης διορθωτικής ανατροφοδότησης στα λάθη του γραπτού λόγου των μαθητών. Η ποιοτική έρευνα περιελάμβανε συνεντεύξεις με δέκα από τους διδάσκοντες που συμμετείχαν στην ποσοτική έρευνα, ώστε να διερευνηθούν βαθύτερα οι πεποιθήσεις των διδασκόντων, οι οποίες επηρεάζουν τον τρόπο διόρθωσης των λαθών του γραπτού λόγου και διαμορφώνουν τις πρακτικές ανατροφοδότησης που υιοθετούν. Από τα ευρήματα της ανάλυσης των ποσοτικών δεδομένων διαπιστώθηκε ότι οι φιλόλογοι αξιοποιούν ένα περιορισμένο φάσμα στρατηγικών διόρθωσης των λαθών δίνοντας έμφαση κυρίως στην άμεση διορθωτική ανατροφοδότηση. Παράλληλα, προέκυψαν αποκλίσεις ανάμεσα στις πεποιθήσεις τους για την αποτελεσματικότητα των πρακτικών και στη συχνότητα με τις οποίες τις εφαρμόζουν. Αξιοσημείωτο είναι το γεγονός ότι δεν εντοπίστηκαν στατιστικά σημαντικές συσχετίσεις ανάμεσα στις πρακτικές ανατροφοδότησης και το φύλο, την ηλικία, τη διδακτική εμπειρία και τις επιπλέον σπουδές των φιλολόγων που συμμετείχαν στην έρευνα. H ανάλυση των ποιοτικών δεδομένων των συνεντεύξεων ανέδειξε α. την επίδραση προσωπικών πεποιθήσεων των συμμετεχόντων στις πρακτικές ανατροφοδότησης, οι οποίες διαμορφώνονται σε μεγάλο βαθμό και από τις πεποιθήσεις τους για το θεσμικό και κοινωνικο-πολιτισμικό πλαίσιο του σχολείου και β. την ανάγκη να αποκτήσουν οι διδάσκοντες μεγαλύτερη επίγνωση των δικών τους πεποιθήσεων και πρακτικών σχετικά με τη διορθωτική ανατροφοδότηση στον γραπτό λόγο των μαθητών

Synthesis and characterization of new anionic metal complex dyes with metal different to Cr and metal complex dyes with minimized metal content and their application to the dyeing of wool and polyamide fibers

Metal complex dyes are the predominant dye class for the dyeing of wool, nylon and silk due to their superior fastness properties to wash and light compared to the non-metallized acid dyes. Metallization generally leads to bathochromic shift and due to this metal complex dyes are duller and mainly are used to produce deep depths of shade offering fastness properties which are unattainable with common acid dyes and thus fulfilling high customer demands. The metal introduced in the molecule of an acid dye enhances the light fastness by offering protection of the azo chromophore against ultraviolet degradation. Usually metal complex azo dyes are predominantly complexes of Cr (III), Co (II, III), and Cu (II). However, the manufacturing and application processes involving the treatment of metallizable dyes with Co(II), Cr(III) and Cu(II) ions are of great environmental concern due to the fact that the metals used are considered to be priority pollutants. The past decade has been marked by a growing interest in the development and use of ecologically friendly dyes. This concept led to the consideration of other less toxic metals such as Fe and Al salts as metallizing agents and possible substitutes for metals such as Cr, Co, Cu and Ni. Disposal of dye house effluents is a major environmental consideration and presently is commonly being done by a combination of physicochemical and biological treatments which reduce the organic charge of the effluents drastically. Recently, due to the greater environmental demands, novel techniques have been developed for the minimization of heavy metal content in the industrial effluents. Ultra-filtration technology is one of newest technologies applied for the treatment of textile effluents aiming at the elimination of toxic pollutants in the discharged effluents. In this present work a simplified novel one pot method of synthesis of metal-complex anionic azo dyes (Cr-, Co-, Fe-, Cu-, Al-, Zn-, Ni-, Mn- complexes) and the subsequent minimization of the metal-content in the final dye by ultra-filtration was carried out. Two anionic azo dyes were used for the metallization that differs in one - ΝΟ₂ group. The commercially available corresponding Cr- complexed dye, Neutrilan Navy MBR (Acid Blue 193) was used as a reference for metal complex azo dyes I and the Neutrilan Black MR and Neutrilan Black MRX (Acid Black 194), were used as references for metal complex azo dyes II. The use of ultra-filtration allows the production of highly concentrated, purified, metal complex dyes with drastically reduced free metal and electrolyte content. The ultra-filtrated dyes have drastically improved solubility properties when compared to their non ultra-filtrated counterparts. The elimination of heavy metal and inorganic salts from the dye formulation allows the production of novel dyes of high concentration and purity with improved properties and more environmentally friendly compared to the ones conventionally made. All dyes (before and after ultrafiltration) were characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, NMR and their melting points. XRF analysis and atomic absorption measurements were performed for the determination of free and total metal-content for the synthesized metal complex dyes before and after ultra-filtration. All of the synthesized dyes (before and after ultra-filtration) were applied for the dyeing of wool and polyamide fibres and colour measurements and fastness properties tests (wash, light, rubbing) were carried out. Water based inks contain typically 30-80% water as a proportion of the total mass of the ink together with a water miscible organic solvent such as a monohydric alcohol and the colorant. The preparation of the inks was made using water and a mixture of 2-propanol/ethylene glycol as the water miscible solvent. Ethylene glycol was acting also as a wetting agent. The surface tension, pH, viscosity and conductivity of the above formulations were monitored over a period of 180 days. Monitoring a formulation over a period of time is a widely accepted method for evaluating dispersion stability. A printing test on a wool fiber was carried out using the Cr-complex(II) ink.Τα χρώματα σύμπλοκα με μέταλλα είναι τα πιο κατάλληλα χρώματα για τη βαφή μάλλινου, νάιλον και μεταξωτού υφάσματος λόγω των εξαιρετικών ιδιοτήτων αντοχής που παρουσιάζουν στο πλύσιμο και στο φως συγκρινόμενα με τα μη συμπλοκοποιημένα με μέταλλα όξινα χρώματα. Η συμπλοκοποίηση με μέταλλα οδηγεί συνήθως σε βαθυχρωμική μετατόπιση και γιαυτό τα χρώματα σύμπλοκα με μέταλλα συνήθως χρησιμοποιούνται για την επίτευξη σκούρων αποχρώσεων με ταυτόχρονα εξαιρετικές ιδιότητες αντοχών που ικανοποιούν τις υψηλές απαιτήσεις των καταναλωτών. Το ιόν του μετάλλου που εισέρχεται στο μόριο του όξινου χρώματος ενισχύει την αντοχή στο φως παρέχοντας προστασία της αζωομάδας απέναντι στην υπεριώδη ακτινοβολία. Συνήθη χρώματα σύμπλοκα με μέταλλα είναι με σύμπλοκα με Cr (III), Co (II, III) και Cu (II). Η παραγωγή και η εφαρμογή των χρωμάτων αυτών αποτελούν αντικείμενο περιβαλλοντικών ερευνών εφόσον θεωρούνται ρυπαντές του περιβάλλοντος. Η τελευταία δεκαετία έχει χαρακτηριστεί από το αμείωτο και συνεχές ενδιαφέρον για την ανάπτυξη και χρήση περιβαλλοντικά φιλικών χρωμάτων. Αυτό οδήγησε στη χρήση μετάλλων με μικρότερη τοξικότητα όπως ο Fe και το Al τα οποία μπορούν πιθανόν να αντικαταστήσουν τα Cr, Co, Cu και Ni. Η διάχυση των αποβλήτων με περιεχόμενο χρώματος αποτελεί μεγάλη απειλή για το περιβάλλον και γιαυτό γίνονται προσπάθειες μέσω φυσικοχημικών και βιολογικών διεργασιών για την ελάττωση του οργανικού περιεχομένου από τα απόβλητα. Επίσης γίνονται προσπάθειες για την ανάπτυξη καινοτόμων τεχνικών με σκοπό την ελαχιστοποίηση του περιεχομένου σε βαρέα μέταλλα από τα βιομηχανικά απόβλητα. Η υπερδιήθηση είναι μία από τις πιο σύγχρονες τεχνικές η οποία εφαρμόζεται στα απόβλητα της βιομηχανίας χρωμάτων και κλωστοϋφαντουργικών προϊόντων με σκοπό την ελαχιστοποίηση του τοξικού περιεχομένου των αποβλήτων. Στην παρούσα διατριβή πραγματοποιείται η σύνθεση αζωχρωμάτων συμπλόκων με μέταλλα (Cr-, Co-, Fe-, Cu-, Al-, Zn-, Ni-, Mn-) με μία απλοποιημένη μέθοδο σύνθεσης σε ένα στάδιο και στη συνέχεια ακολουθεί η ελαχιστοποίηση του περιεχομένου μετάλλου στο χρώμα με την εφαρμογή υπερδιήθησης. Πραγματοποιείται η συμπλοκοποίηση δύο ανιονικών αζωχρωμάτων με τα παραπάνω μέταλλα τα οποία διαφέρουν σε μία νιτροομάδα - ΝΟ₂. Για τη σύγκριση χρησιμοποιούνται σαν πρότυπα τα αντίστοιχα εμπορικά χρώματα σύμπλοκα με Cr, το Neutrilan Navy MBR (Acid Blue 193) στην ομάδα χρωμάτων I και τα Neutrilan Black MR και Neutrilan Black MRX (Acid Black 194), στην ομάδα χρωμάτων ΙI. Η εφαρμογή της υπερδιήθησης επιτρέπει την παραγωγή υπερσυμπυκνωμένων και υπερκαθαρών χρωμάτων με ελάχιστο περιεχόμενο ελεύθερου μετάλλου και ηλεκτρολυτών. Τα υπερδιηθημένα χρώματα έχουν εξαιρετική διαλυτότητα, είναι υπερσυμπυκνωμένα, υπερκαθαρά και επομένως περισσότερο φιλικά προς το περιβάλλον. Όλα τα χρώματα (πριν και μετά την υπερδιήθηση) χαρακτηρίστηκαν με φασματοσκοπία FT-IR, NMR, UV-Vis και με τα σημεία τήξεως αλλά και με φασματοσκοπία φθορισμού ακτίνων X (XRF) και τη φασματοσκοπία ατομικής απορρόφησης για τον προσδιορισμό τόσο του ολικού όσο και του ελεύθερου περιεχομένου μετάλλου πριν και μετά την υπερδιήθηση. Με όλα τα χρώματα που παρασκευάστηκαν αλλά και με τα εμπορικά (πριν και μετά την υπερδιήθηση) πραγματοποιήθηκε βαφή μάλλινου και πολυαμιδικού υφάσματος και στα βαμμένα δείγματα μετρήθηκαν οι ιδιότητες αντοχής στο φως, στο πλύσιμο και στην τριβή. Επίσης έγινε μέτρηση των χρωματομετρικών συντεταγμένων των δειγμάτων. Τα χρώματα που παρασκευάστηκαν τέλος χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για την Παρασκευή υδατογενών μελανών ψηφιακής εκτύπωσης υφασμάτων. Οι υδατογενείς μελάνες τυπικά περιέχουν 30-80% νερό και το υπόλοιπο αποτελείται από έναν οργανικό διαλύτη όπως μια μονοϋδρική αλκοόλη και από το χρώμα. Η προετοιμασία των μελανών έγινε με τη μίξη νερού και ενός μίγματος ισοπροπανόλης/αιθυλενογλυκόλης και του χρώματος. Στις μελάνες που παρασκευάστηκαν μετρήθηκαν η επιφανειακή τάση, το pH, το ιξώδες και η αγωγιμότητα για διάστημα 180 ημερών. Το διάστημα αυτό είναι αρκετό για τον έλεγχο της καταλληλότητας των μελανών. Τέλος πραγματοποιήθηκε μία δοκιμαστική εκτύπωση σε μάλλινο ύφασμα με τη μελάνη από Cr-σύμπλοκο (ΙΙ)