Honeybees (Apis mellifera) as bioindicators of toxic metal pollution in Serbia.

Povećanje broja stanovnika na Zemlji neminovno dovodi i do povećanja antropogenog zagađenja. Metali se smatraju jednim od najopasnijih zagađivača današnjice, posebno zbog toga što mnogi od njih ne podležu biodegradaciji. Uzimajući ovo u obzir, neophodno je pronaći metode za njihovo praćenje u životnoj sredini koje su jeftinije, pokrivaju veća područja i daju brže rezultate. Jedna od alternativa klasičnim tehnikama merenja jeste upotreba bioindikatorskih organizama. U ovom radu korišćena je medonosna pčela (Apis mellifera L.) kao bioindikator zagađenja toksičnim metalima na teritoriji Srbije. U telima medonosnih pčela sakupljenih iz pčelinjaka u Beogradu, Kostolcu i Mesiću tokom dva meseca (jul i septembar) 2014. godine analizirani su Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr i Zn. U telima pčela uzorkovanih u Pančevu i Vršcu tokom septembra 2013. godine, jula i septembra 2014. i jula i septembra 2015. godine analizirani su Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, Ni, Sr i Zn. Pčele su uzorkovane u ovom periodu jer je njihova aktivnost usko vezana za vremenske prilike, a ovа dva meseca predstavljaju vrhunac te aktivnosti. Isti metali su analizirani i u uzorcima zemljišta uzetih u blizini pčelinjaka u Pančevu i Vršcu. Za određivanje koncentracije ovih metala korišćena je optička emisiona spektrometrija sa induktivno spregnutom plazmom (ICP-OES). Dvosmerna ANOVA je pokazala da postoje statistički značajne razlike između koncentracija pojedinih metala u Beogradu, Kostolcu i Mesiću. Značajne razlike između bar dve lokacije ustanovljene su za Al, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li i Ni. Korišćenjem analize glavnih komponenti (PCA), klasterske analize (CA) i ANOVA-e, ustanovljeno je da povećane koncentracije Al, Fe i Cr u okolini Kostolca potiču iz termoelektrana „Kostolac A i B“ i vi pripadajućeg pepelišta...The increase of the human population on Earth has led to the increase of anthropogenic pollution. Toxic metals are considered one of the most dangerous pollutants because many of them are not biodegradable. With this in mind, it is important to find monitoring methods that cost less, cover bigger areas and give faster results. An alternative to classical monitoring techniques is the use of bioindicators. For the purposes of this study, honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) were used as bioindicators of toxic metal pollution in Serbia. One set of samples were adult honeybees collected during two sampling periods (July and September) in 2014 from apiaries located in Belgrade, Kostolac, and Mesić. Analyzed metals in these samples were Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn. Another set of samples were honeybees from apiaries located in Pančevo and Vršac that were sampled during September 2013, July and September 2014, and July and September 2015. The bees were sampled during these two months because they represent the peak of bee activity. Metals analyzed in these samples were Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, Ni, Sr, and Zn. The same metals were analyzed in soil samples taken from Pančevo and Vršac in the vicinity of apiaries. For the quantification of analyzed metals, inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used. The two-way ANOVA showed that there are statistically significant differences between some of the analyzed metals in Belgrade, Kostolac, and Mesić. Significant differences between at least two of the locations were found for Al, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, and Ni. Using principal component anlasys (PCA), cluster analysis, and ANOVA, it was determined that higher concentrations of Al, Fe, and Cr in Kostolac originate from thermal ix power plants “Kostolac A and B” and the accompanying ash disposal site..

Supplementary data for the article: Zarić, N. M.; Ilijević, K.; Stanisavljević, L.; Gržetić, I. Use of Honeybees (Apis Mellifera L.) as Bioindicators of Spatial Variations and Origin Determination of Metal Pollution in Serbia. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 2018, 83 (6), 773–784. https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC171110018Z

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.2298/JSC171110018Z]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2179

Use of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) as bioindicators of spatial variations and origin determination of metal pollution in Serbia

Honeybees have been proposed and used as bioindicators for the last few decades, because of their nature. Until now they have mostly been used to determine the present pollution and to distinguish the differences between the sampling locations and the sampling periods. With the use of multivariate statistical methods honeybees can also be used to distinguish the origin of this pollution. In this study the concentrations of Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Sr and Zn were measured in the bodies of adult honeybees collected from nine different apiaries in Serbia. With the help of the statistical methods it was established that the least polluted area was the one that has no industrial activities or the intense traffic nearby. The most polluted was the urban region, followed by a region close to thermal power plants and ash disposal site. Using PCA and CA the origin of the analyzed metals were proposed. It was suggested that Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Ni have anthropogenic origin mainly from the intensive agriculture, traffic and coal combustion.Supplementary material: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/3312

Supplementary material for the article: Zaric, N. M.; Deljanin, I.; Ilijević, K.; Stanisavljević, L.; Ristić, M.; Gržetić, I. Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Variations in Trace Element Concentrations Using Honeybees (Apis Mellifera) as Bioindicators. PeerJ 2018, 2018 (7). https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5197

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5197]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2183

Supplementary material for the article: Zaric, N. M.; Deljanin, I.; Ilijević, K.; Stanisavljević, L.; Ristić, M.; Gržetić, I. Assessment of Spatial and Temporal Variations in Trace Element Concentrations Using Honeybees (Apis Mellifera) as Bioindicators. PeerJ 2018, 2018 (7). https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5197

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5197]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2183

Optimization of the plant sample preparation procedure for metal analysis using Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (WDXRF)

Plants are known as good biomonitors in contaminated areas due to their tendency to accumulate toxic metals. Methods based on direct solid sample analysis are more favourable because they avoid utilization of aggressive and toxic agents, which is in line with green chemistry principles [1]. Besides nondestructiveness, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) is suitable for plant analysis because it offers wide linearity range (from ppm level to 100 %) and possibility of analysis of almost whole PSE (from Be to Am) [2]. Plant sample preparation procedure for WDXRF analysis includes grinding and drying at 60 C. After obtaining a homogeneous mixture, the plant sample is mixed with a certain amount of binder (Hoechst wax C micropowder) and pressed in a hydraulic press (Retsch PP 25) in order to obtain stable pellet (32 mm diameter). The plants are mostly made of light elements (O, N and C) which are transparent for X-rays. During analysis of elements with a higher atomic number, Xrays penetrate quite deep into the sample. It is important to establish the minimum thickness of the pellet that will provide reliable results during determination of the heavier elements in the plant matrix. Samples are measured under conditions of high vacuum and slightly elevated temperature, and for that reason herbal matrix is prone to physical changes after analysis. It is important to determine ideal ratio between mass of the sample and the binder that will provide a stable pellet without affecting determination of elements which are present in low concentrations. During this study, two types of plant samples were analysed: fir and pine needles. Samples were collected in 2017 during autumn. The influence of pellet mass (thickness) on elements concentration was examined by measuring pellets prepared from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 g of plans material. By preparing pellets with: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 % of wax, the influence of binder ratio was examined. Analysis was performed on ARL™ PERFORM’X Sequential Wavelength Dispersive XRay Fluorescence Spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Switzerland) combined with ARL software program UniQuant [3]. In both types of plant samples the following elements were determined: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Sr and Zr. Both fir and pine needles show similar trends. As quantity of binder increases, the concentration of Ca and K increases, because wax as binder can contain small quantities of those elements. Repeatability of elements that were found in higher concentrations (Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K and Ca) is high, while repeatability for low concentration elements (Ti, Fe, Ni, Zn, Sr) decreases as percent of binder increases. Reason for that phenomenon is that dilution with wax is affecting elements in low concentration more than high concentration elements. For light elements results show small impact of pellet mass on the measurements because observed X-rays have low penetration depth. Elements with higher Z number are usually present in smaller concentrations in plants and such measurements are less precise, especially when the smaller pellet mass is analyzed. We can say that UniQuant, as standardless method of analysis, which uses the advanced Fundamental parameters Algorithms for data processing, is well adjusted and able to deal with analysis of different sample masses. When physical properties of pellets are investigated, addition of 20% of wax provides the most stabile pellets with flattest surface. For adequate pellet stability, recommend mass of pellets should be 4 g, but it has been shown that 3 g is acceptable in the case of a small sample quantity. In case when we have less than 3 g, it is recommended to carefully place sample as thin layer on the top of 3 g of boric acid inert carrier.The conference was organized by the Institute of Chemistry of Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) from the Clermont Auvergne University / CNRS / Sigma-Clermont, on behalf of the Association of Chemistry and the Environment (ACE)

Optimization of the plant sample preparation procedure for metal analysis using Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (WDXRF)

Plants are known as good biomonitors in contaminated areas due to their tendency to accumulate toxic metals. Methods based on direct solid sample analysis are more favourable because they avoid utilization of aggressive and toxic agents, which is in line with green chemistry principles [1]. Besides nondestructiveness, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) is suitable for plant analysis because it offers wide linearity range (from ppm level to 100 %) and possibility of analysis of almost whole PSE (from Be to Am) [2]. Plant sample preparation procedure for WDXRF analysis includes grinding and drying at 60 C. After obtaining a homogeneous mixture, the plant sample is mixed with a certain amount of binder (Hoechst wax C micropowder) and pressed in a hydraulic press (Retsch PP 25) in order to obtain stable pellet (32 mm diameter). The plants are mostly made of light elements (O, N and C) which are transparent for X-rays. During analysis of elements with a higher atomic number, Xrays penetrate quite deep into the sample. It is important to establish the minimum thickness of the pellet that will provide reliable results during determination of the heavier elements in the plant matrix. Samples are measured under conditions of high vacuum and slightly elevated temperature, and for that reason herbal matrix is prone to physical changes after analysis. It is important to determine ideal ratio between mass of the sample and the binder that will provide a stable pellet without affecting determination of elements which are present in low concentrations. During this study, two types of plant samples were analysed: fir and pine needles. Samples were collected in 2017 during autumn. The influence of pellet mass (thickness) on elements concentration was examined by measuring pellets prepared from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 g of plans material. By preparing pellets with: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 % of wax, the influence of binder ratio was examined. Analysis was performed on ARL™ PERFORM’X Sequential Wavelength Dispersive XRay Fluorescence Spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Switzerland) combined with ARL software program UniQuant [3]. In both types of plant samples the following elements were determined: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Sr and Zr. Both fir and pine needles show similar trends. As quantity of binder increases, the concentration of Ca and K increases, because wax as binder can contain small quantities of those elements. Repeatability of elements that were found in higher concentrations (Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K and Ca) is high, while repeatability for low concentration elements (Ti, Fe, Ni, Zn, Sr) decreases as percent of binder increases. Reason for that phenomenon is that dilution with wax is affecting elements in low concentration more than high concentration elements. For light elements results show small impact of pellet mass on the measurements because observed X-rays have low penetration depth. Elements with higher Z number are usually present in smaller concentrations in plants and such measurements are less precise, especially when the smaller pellet mass is analyzed. We can say that UniQuant, as standardless method of analysis, which uses the advanced Fundamental parameters Algorithms for data processing, is well adjusted and able to deal with analysis of different sample masses. When physical properties of pellets are investigated, addition of 20% of wax provides the most stabile pellets with flattest surface. For adequate pellet stability, recommend mass of pellets should be 4 g, but it has been shown that 3 g is acceptable in the case of a small sample quantity. In case when we have less than 3 g, it is recommended to carefully place sample as thin layer on the top of 3 g of boric acid inert carrier.The conference was organized by the Institute of Chemistry of Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF) from the Clermont Auvergne University / CNRS / Sigma-Clermont, on behalf of the Association of Chemistry and the Environment (ACE).Book of Abstract

Позитрон - 25

Како је вирус корона и даље актуелна тема, сазнајте хемијски састав вакцина. Уколико се до сада нисте сусрели са људима високим два нанометра, сада се можете упознати са Нанопутанцима. Ако волите књижевност, сазнајте зашто не треба читати књиге. Откријте отров из стреле који убија или пак, лечи. Прочитајте текст о форензици честичног загађења у ваздуху, као и инспиративни интервју са Јасмином Мушовић. Стигао нам је дугоочекивани Закон о студентском организовању – прочитајте шта он студентима заиста доноси. Први дани на факултету никада нису једноставни, те су корисне савете бруцоши добили на семинару СУСФАН. Подсетите се чиме се бави наш Студентски парламент, као и студентске организације у оквиру њега. Од догађаја издвајамо конференцију о хемији животне средине. Не пропустите да прелистате фото-албум студената Dream Team и сазнате нешто о њиховим симпатичним догађајима из лабораторије и атмосфери на вежбама. Уз Ретросинтезу испратите најважнија дешавања у протеклом периоду. Забавите се уз Хемијске мозгалице и Позитиву

Recent development of bioaugmentation methods for tobacco wastewater treatment

In production of cigarettes a lot of tobacco waste, with nicotine, goes into the environment. Hence, there is a need for an economic and efficient method to diminish the discharge of hazardous materials from tobacco wastewaters. Bioaugmentation using specialized bacteria strains could improve the efficiency of tobacco wastewater treatment. In this review paper we present bioaugmentation methods for tobacco wastewater treatment that were published in last few years. Bioaugmentation systems have proven to be very effective in removal of nicotine and TOC; it was shown that Pseudomonas sp. HF-1 and TW bacteria strains can be successfully used in reactors. Recent studies showed that controlling pH in the reactors can improve reactor performance in removing nicotine and TOC from tobacco wastewater

Metal concentrations around thermal power plants, rural and urban areas using honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) as bioindicators

Honeybees are great bioindicators because they cover wide areas during their foraging activity. Our study included industrial, urban and rural region, where samples were taken in July and September. Industrial region with three apiaries in the area covered two thermal power plants, Kostolac A and B. Two apiaries covered a wide urban region of Belgrade, and the rural region consisting of mainly agricultural-woodland area near village MesiA double dagger was covered with one apiary. Aim of this study was to investigate the capability of bees as bioindicators to detect different concentrations of metals in foraging regions, during two sampling periods, and to compare concentrations of Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn found in their bodies. Significant differences were detected for Al, Ba, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, and Ni between at least two analyzed regions. Significant differences in concentrations between sampling dates were found for Al, Ba, Co, Cr and Fe in at least one of the locations. For Cd, Mn, Na, Pb, Sr and Zn, no significant differences were found between locations or sampling dates, suggesting equal and stable levels of concentration for these elements in the environment.Free full text: [http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf?st16037