Lifetime psychopathology among the offspring of Bipolar I parents

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated high rates of psychopathology in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to identify psychiatric diagnoses in a sample of children of bipolar parents. METHOD: This case series comprised 35 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years, with a mean age of 12.5 + 2.9 years (20 males and 15 females), who had at least one parent with bipolar disorder type I. The subjects were assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL). Family psychiatric history and demographics were also evaluated. RESULTS: Of the offspring studied, 71.4% had a lifetime diagnosis of at least one psychiatric disorder (28.6% with a mood disorder, 40% with a disruptive behavior disorder and 20% with an anxiety disorder). Pure mood disorders (11.4%) occurred less frequently than mood disorders comorbid with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (17.1%). Psychopathology was commonly reported in second-degree relatives of the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (71.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results support previous findings of an increased risk for developing psychopathology, predominantly mood and disruptive disorders, in the offspring of bipolar individuals. Prospective studies with larger samples are needed to confirm and expand these results.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)NARSADKrus Endowed Chair in Psychiatry UTHSCSAFederal University of São Paulo Department of PsychiatryThe University of Texas Health Science Center Departments of Psychiatry and OrthodonticsUniversidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Medicina Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Texas Health Science CenterThe University of Texas Health Science Center Department of PsychiatryUNIFESP, Department of PsychiatryNARSAD: MH 69774NARSAD: RR 20571NARSAD: MH068280SciEL

Lifetime psychopathology among the offspring of Bipolar I parents

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated high rates of psychopathology in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to identify psychiatric diagnoses in a sample of children of bipolar parents. METHOD: This case series comprised 35 children and adolescents aged 6 to 17 years, with a mean age of 12.5 + 2.9 years (20 males and 15 females), who had at least one parent with bipolar disorder type I. The subjects were assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children - Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL). Family psychiatric history and demographics were also evaluated. RESULTS: Of the offspring studied, 71.4% had a lifetime diagnosis of at least one psychiatric disorder (28.6% with a mood disorder, 40% with a disruptive behavior disorder and 20% with an anxiety disorder). Pure mood disorders (11.4%) occurred less frequently than mood disorders comorbid with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (17.1%). Psychopathology was commonly reported in second-degree relatives of the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder (71.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Our results support previous findings of an increased risk for developing psychopathology, predominantly mood and disruptive disorders, in the offspring of bipolar individuals. Prospective studies with larger samples are needed to confirm and expand these results

Temperament and character traits in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder: A case-control study

Objectives: To evaluate temperament and character traits using the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (JTCI) in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) in comparison with healthy control subjects (HC), and to verify if comorbidity with disruptive behavioral disorders and being currently depressed influence JTCI scores.Methods: A case control study comprising 41 MDD children/adolescents matched to 40 HC by gender and age (8-17 years). All participants were assessed diagnostically with the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime (K-SADS-PL). Temperament and character traits were measured with the parent and child versions of JTCI, and depression was evaluated with the Children's Depression Rating Scale (CDRS).Results: According to child and parent data, MDD subjects had significantly higher scores on harm avoidance and novelty seeking, and lower scores on reward dependence, persistence, self-directedness and cooperativeness compared with HC. According to parent data only, MDD subjects significantly differed from HC on self-transcendence (lower spirituality scores and higher fantasy scores). Comorbidity with disruptive behavioral disorders exerted influence on almost all dimensions, in general increasing the mean differences between MDD and HC subjects. Also, being currently depressed did not influence the results, except for reward dependence according to parent data.Limitations: the cross-sectional nature of the study and its limited sample size. Conclusions: MDD children/adolescents have a different temperament and character profile compared to HC subjects. This study supports previous findings of trait-like characteristics of harm avoidance and self-directedness. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychiat, BR-04038030 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USAUniv Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Orthodont, San Antonio, TX 78229 USAUniv São Paulo, Dept Psychiat, Sch Med, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Texas Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Houston, TX USAUniv Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Psychiat, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psychiat, BR-04038030 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc