Mapping the extent of compulsory unionism in Australia

Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Clínica (Intervenções Cognitivo-Comportamentais nas Perturbações Psicológicas e Saúde) apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra.Attachment style has been linked in literature to eating psychopathology and to self-compassion and research has proposed self-compassion as a possible protective factor against eating psychopathology. The present study explores the association between attachment style, self-compassion and eating psychopathology severity and examines the moderator effect of self-compassion, in both securely and insecurely attached women, on the relationship between weight and body dissatisfaction and eating psychopathology. Participants in this study were women who were assessed using self-report instruments measuring attachment style, weight and body shape dissatisfaction and eating psychopathology (EDE-Q). Self-compassion was negatively correlated to weight and body shape dissatisfaction and eating psychopathology in both groups, and had a moderator effect on the relationship between weight and body shape dissatisfaction and eating psychopathology severity in the insecure attachment group. This is the first study to explore the differential buffering effect of self-compassion against the impact of weight and body shape dissatisfaction on eating psychopathology severity, when considering attachment style, with pertinent research and clinical implications.O estilo de vinculação tem sido relacionado na literatura à psicopatologia alimentar e à autocompaixão e a investigação sugere a autocompaixão como um possível fator protetor contra a psicopatologia alimentar. O estudo presente explora a associação entre estilo de vinculação, autocompaixão e a severidade da psicopatologia alimentar e examina o efeito moderador da autocompaixão, em ambas mulheres com vinculação segura e insegura, na relação entre a insatisfação com o peso e forma corporal e a psicopatologia alimentar. Os participantes neste estudo foram mulheres que foram avaliadas usando instrumentos de autorresposta que medem o estilo de vinculação, a insatisfação com o peso e forma e a psicopatologia alimentar (EDE-Q). A autocompaixão correlacionou-se negativamente com a insatisfação com o peso e forma corpora, assim como com a psicopatologia alimentar em ambos os grupos, e teve um efeito moderador na relação entre a insatisfação com o peso e com a forma e a severidade da psicopatologia alimentar no grupo de vinculação insegura. Este foi o primeiro estudo a explorar o efeito de buffering da autocompaixão contra o impacte da insatisfação com o peso e forma na severidade da psicopatologia alimentar, quando considerando o estilo de vinculação, com implicações pertinentes para a investigação e para a prática clínica

Analysis of Risk Factors for Lymph Nodal Involvement in Early Stages of Rectal Cancer: When Can Local Excision Be Considered an Appropriate Treatment? Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature

Background. Over the past ten years oncological outcomes achieved by local excision techniques (LETs) as the sole treatment for early stages of rectal cancer (ESRC) have been often disappointing. The reasons for these poor results lie mostly in the high risk of the disease's diffusion to local-regional lymph nodes even in ESRC. Aims. This study aims to find the correct indications for LET in ESRC taking into consideration clinical-pathological features of tumours that may reduce the risk of lymph node metastasis to zero. Methods. Systematic literature review and meta-analysis of casistics of ESRC treated with total mesorectal excision with the aim of identifying risk factors for nodal involvement. Results. The risk of lymph node metastasis is higher in G≥2 and T≥2 tumours with lymphatic and/or vascular invasion. Other features which have not yet been sufficiently investigated include female gender, TSM stage >1, presence of tumour budding and/or perineural invasion. Conclusions. Results comparable to radical surgery can be achieved by LET only in patients with T1 N0 G1 tumours with low-risk histological features, whereas deeper or more aggressive tumours should be addressed by radical surgery (RS)

IMIS-Beiträge Heft 13 - Themenheft: Migration and Social Change in Australia, France and Germany

Introduction Post-1947 Migration to Australia and the Socio-Political Incorporation of Migrants Post-1945 Migration in France and Modes of Socio-Political Mobilisation Structural Conditions, Historical Contexts and Social Effects of Post-1945 Migration to Germany Comparative Dimension

Pest risk assessment of Amyelois transitella for the European Union

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest risk assessment of Amyelois transitella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), the navel orangeworm, for the EU. The quantitative assessment considered two scenarios: (i) current practices and (ii) a requirement for chilled transport. The assessment focused on pathways of introduction, climatic conditions and cultivation of hosts allowing establishment, spread and impact. A. transitella is a common pest of almonds, pistachios and walnuts in California, which is the main source for these nuts imported into the EU. Based on size of the trade and infestation at origin, importation of walnuts and almonds from the USA was identified as the most important pathways for entry of A. transitella. Using expert knowledge elicitation (EKE) and pathway modelling, a median estimate of 2,630 infested nuts is expected to enter the EU each year over the next 5 years (90% certainty range (CR) from 338 to 26,000 infested nuts per year). However, due to estimated small likelihoods of transfer to a host, mating upon transfer and survival of founder populations, the number of populations that establish was estimated to be 0.000698 year−1 (median, 90% CR: 0.0000126– 0.0364 year−1 ). Accordingly, the expected period between founding events is 1,430 years (median, 90% CR: 27.5–79,400 year). The likelihood of entry resulting in establishment is therefore considered very small. However, this estimate has high uncertainty, mainly concerning the processes of transfer of the insect to hosts and the establishment of founder populations by those that successfully transfer. Climate matching and CLIMEX modelling indicate that conditions are most suitable for establishment in the southern EU, especially around the Mediterranean basin. The median rate of natural spread was estimated to be 5.6 km/year (median, 90% CR 0.8–19.3 km/year), after an initial lag period of 3.1 year (mean, 90% CR 1.7–6.2 year) following the establishment of a founder population. If A. transitella did establish, estimated median yield losses in nuts were estimated to be in the order of 1–2% depending on the nut species and production system. A scenario requiring imports of nuts to be transported under chilled conditions was shown to provide potential to further reduce the likelihood of entr

Risk assessment of Xanthomonas citri pv. viticola for the EU

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a risk assessment of Xanthomonas citri pv. viticola (Xcv). This pest causes bacterial canker of grapevine and is reported from Brazil and India. Two scenarios were considered: scenario A0 (current practice) and A2 (additional control measures). For the fresh grape import pathway, scenario A0 results in an order of magnitude of about one entry per 10 years (median; 90% uncertainty interval between ca. one entry per 18,000 years and ca. five entries per year). For the Vitis spp. plants for planting for research/breeding purposes import pathway, the risk of entry is several orders of magnitude smaller than the risk due to fresh grape import. This outcome is also obtained under scenario A2. The key entry uncertainties include import volume and transfer (for plants for planting), transfer and the disaggregation factor (for fresh grapes) and the limited availability of epidemiological data. The extent of the area favourable for Xcv establishment in the EU is uncertain, illustrating the limitations of climate suitability assessments when based on few data points and little epidemiological information. Nevertheless, the risk of Xcv establishment is only slightly lower than the risk of Xcv entry, i.e. no major establishment constraints are expected for most entries. Similarly, the risk of Xcv establishment is assessed as only slightly lower under current climate compared to the climate of 2041–2060. For grapevine growing areas in the EU with average yearly temperature above 17°C, the lag phase between establishment and spread is expected to be about 3 years (median; 90% range between ca. 6 months and ca. 6 years). Under the same scenario, the rate of spread by natural means is assessed to be ca. 300 m/year (median; 90% range between ca. 35 and ca. 800 m/year). The spread rate would be considerably higher considering movements of plants and cutting tools or machinery. The percentage of grapevine plants infected by Xcv in production sites as yearly average over a 30-year production cycle is estimated to be ca. 17% (median; 90% range between ca. 1.5% and ca. 46%) in table grapes and ca. 12% (median; 90% range between ca. 0.7% and ca. 37%) in wine grapes. Impacts have been reported to be severe in Brazil and India, but the estimates provided here show that there is considerable uncertainty about expected impacts in the EU