ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Desenvolvimento de mastite em bovinos

A mastite é uma enfermidade que causa grandes prejuízos econômicos na cadeia produtiva do leite, devido às perdas de produção, queda na qualidade do leite, descarte dos animais entre outras perdas. O seu desenvolvimento envolve a condição do sistema imunológico do animal, o potencial infeccioso do patógeno e a qualidade do ambiente que este animal se encontra. A mastite pode ser diagnosticada através dos sinais clínicos ou, na ausência destes, pelo aumento na contagem de células somáticas (CCS) presentes no leite. A mastite pode ser classificada em contagiosa, ambiental e oportunista; e os patógenos são identificados e classificados através dos métodos de cultivo bacteriológico no laboratório ou na fazenda e métodos moleculares. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar os patógenos presentes em uma propriedade no município de Condor - RS e correlacionar os valores de CCS com o número de lactações e categorias de microrganismos encontrados, demostrando a importância da realização do cultivo microbiológico nas propriedades, para a tomada de decisão sobre a realização de tratamentos dos animais com mastite e introdução de manejos para controlar e evitar novos casos da doença.Mastitis is a disease that causes great economic damage in the milk production chain, due to production losses, drop in milk quality, animal disposal and other losses. Its development involves the condition of the animal's immune system, the infectious potential of the pathogen and the quality of the environment that this animal is in. Mastitis can be diagnosed through clinical signs or, in the absence of these, by an increase in somatic cell count (SCC) present in milk. Mastitis can be classified as contagious, environmental and opportunistic; and pathogens are identified and classified using bacteriological culture methods in the laboratory or on the farm and molecular methods. The objective of the study was to identify the pathogens present in a property in the municipality of Condor - RS and to correlate the SCC values with the number of lactations and categories of pathogens found, demonstrating the importance of carrying out microbiological culture in the properties, for the decision making regarding the treatment of animals with mastitis and the introduction of managements to control and prevent new cases of the disease