39 research outputs found

    Carbon indices to assess quality of management systems in a Subtropical Acrisol

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    Management systems to improve soil quality are essential for agricultural and environmental sustainability. We assessed the quality of soil management systems applied to a subtropical Acrisol in terms of the carbon management index (CMI), the stratification ratio for total organic carbon (SR-TOC) and light fraction of organic matter (SR-LF). In addition, we examined their relationship to chemical, physical and biological soil quality indicators, as well as to maize yield. The study was conducted on a long-term experiment (18 years) in southern Brazil involving two different systems [no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT)], two cropping systems [black oat/maize (O/M) and black oat + vetch/maize + cowpea (OV/MC)] and two nitrogen fertilizer rates for maize (0 and 180 kg ha–1). Based on the three indices, the best managements for soil quality comprised NT (50-212 % better than CT), legume cover crops (10-47 % better than O/M) and N fertilization (8-33 % better than no fertilizer). All three indices proved accurate to assess the impact of soil management systems, especially SR-LF, which showed increased sensitivity and close relationships with chemical, physical and biological soil quality indicators. On the other hand, a poor relationship was observed between soil C indices and maize yield, which was improved only by legume cover crops and N fertilization. The results showed that the association of no-till system to an abundant supply of crop residues is key to ensure high soil quality and crop yields in humid subtropical regions

    Accumulation and lability of C in soil organic matter fractions of a subtropical acrisol as affected long-term by management systems

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    Os sistemas de manejo afetam o estoque e a labilidade da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS), com reflexos nos fluxos de energia e matéria e na qualidade de solos agrícolas. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de longo prazo (18 anos) da utilização de sistemas de preparo de solo [plantio direto (PD) e preparo convencional (PC)], sistemas de cultura [aveia/milho (A/M), vica/milho (V/M), e aveia+vica/milho+caupi (AV/MC)] e de doses de N mineral [0 kg N ha-1 (0N) e 180 kg N ha-1 (180N)], sobre o acúmulo e a labilidade do C em frações da matéria orgânica de um Argissolo Vermelho da Depressão Central do RS. As taxas de acúmulo de C foram calculadas em relação ao sistema PC A/M 0N. A labilidade do C foi obtida pela relação entre o estoque de C da fração leve (densidade1,8 Mg m-3) da MOS. As taxas anuais de acúmulo de C na camada 0-0,2 m do solo em PD variaram de 0,19 Mg C ha-1 ano-1 no A/M 0N a 0,65 Mg C ha-1 ano-1 no AV/MC 180N. Porém, a taxa de acúmulo de C do sistema AV/MC foi subestimada em aproximadamente 38% quando incluiu-se na avaliação camadas subsuperficiais de 0,2-1,0 m. A adubação nitrogenada, apesar de aumentar em 1,2 Mg ha-1 o estoque de C no solo, quando considerados seus custos energéticos, não representou efetivamente seqüestro de C no solo. O índice de manejo de carbono (IMC), utilizado para avaliar a qualidade de sistemas de manejo de solo e calculado através de alterações que os sistemas promovem sobre o estoque e a labilidade do C em relação a um sistema de referência, foi maior no PD do que em PC e apresentou uma estreita relação com a adição de C ao solo (r = 0,81 a 0,96; P1.8 Mg m-3). The annual C accumulation rate in the 0-0,2m layer of no-till soil varied from 0.19 Mg C ha-1 year-1, in O/M 0N, to 0.65 Mg C ha-1 year-1, in OV/MC 180N. These C accumulation rates, however, underestimated in average at 38% the rates obtained when the 0-1,0 m layer was considered. The N fertilization increased the soil C stocks at an average value of 1,2 Mg ha-1, but when the energy costs related to fertilizer production was considered, this practice did not represent an efficient strategy to atmospheric C mitigation. The carbon management index (CMI), used to assess the quality of the management system and calculated from changes that this system implies on C stocks and lability, was higher in NT than in CT and showed a close relation to C addition (r = 0.81 to 0.96; P<0.05-0.10) and physical, chemical and biological soil properties (r = 0.73 to 0.99; P<0.05 to 0.01). The water extractable organic carbon (<0.45 μm) showed a relation with total C stocks and its recalcitrance, assessed through fluorescence and UV-Visible spectroscopy, was lower in NT than in CT and showed correlation with SOM recalcitrance determined through laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of the whole soil

    Accumulation and lability of C in soil organic matter fractions of a subtropical acrisol as affected long-term by management systems

    No full text
    Os sistemas de manejo afetam o estoque e a labilidade da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS), com reflexos nos fluxos de energia e matéria e na qualidade de solos agrícolas. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de longo prazo (18 anos) da utilização de sistemas de preparo de solo [plantio direto (PD) e preparo convencional (PC)], sistemas de cultura [aveia/milho (A/M), vica/milho (V/M), e aveia+vica/milho+caupi (AV/MC)] e de doses de N mineral [0 kg N ha-1 (0N) e 180 kg N ha-1 (180N)], sobre o acúmulo e a labilidade do C em frações da matéria orgânica de um Argissolo Vermelho da Depressão Central do RS. As taxas de acúmulo de C foram calculadas em relação ao sistema PC A/M 0N. A labilidade do C foi obtida pela relação entre o estoque de C da fração leve (densidade1,8 Mg m-3) da MOS. As taxas anuais de acúmulo de C na camada 0-0,2 m do solo em PD variaram de 0,19 Mg C ha-1 ano-1 no A/M 0N a 0,65 Mg C ha-1 ano-1 no AV/MC 180N. Porém, a taxa de acúmulo de C do sistema AV/MC foi subestimada em aproximadamente 38% quando incluiu-se na avaliação camadas subsuperficiais de 0,2-1,0 m. A adubação nitrogenada, apesar de aumentar em 1,2 Mg ha-1 o estoque de C no solo, quando considerados seus custos energéticos, não representou efetivamente seqüestro de C no solo. O índice de manejo de carbono (IMC), utilizado para avaliar a qualidade de sistemas de manejo de solo e calculado através de alterações que os sistemas promovem sobre o estoque e a labilidade do C em relação a um sistema de referência, foi maior no PD do que em PC e apresentou uma estreita relação com a adição de C ao solo (r = 0,81 a 0,96; P1.8 Mg m-3). The annual C accumulation rate in the 0-0,2m layer of no-till soil varied from 0.19 Mg C ha-1 year-1, in O/M 0N, to 0.65 Mg C ha-1 year-1, in OV/MC 180N. These C accumulation rates, however, underestimated in average at 38% the rates obtained when the 0-1,0 m layer was considered. The N fertilization increased the soil C stocks at an average value of 1,2 Mg ha-1, but when the energy costs related to fertilizer production was considered, this practice did not represent an efficient strategy to atmospheric C mitigation. The carbon management index (CMI), used to assess the quality of the management system and calculated from changes that this system implies on C stocks and lability, was higher in NT than in CT and showed a close relation to C addition (r = 0.81 to 0.96; P<0.05-0.10) and physical, chemical and biological soil properties (r = 0.73 to 0.99; P<0.05 to 0.01). The water extractable organic carbon (<0.45 μm) showed a relation with total C stocks and its recalcitrance, assessed through fluorescence and UV-Visible spectroscopy, was lower in NT than in CT and showed correlation with SOM recalcitrance determined through laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy of the whole soil
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