Preliminary soil survey report for the Beni Magdoul and El Hammami areas

March 1979.CER78-79 EVR72.Includes bibliographical references.Prepared under support of United States Agency for International Development, Contract AID/NE-C-1351

DESIGN AND SCALE-UP OF CONTINUOUS FLOW MICRO-REACTOR

Micro-reactor systems are a promising progress in chemical engineering. The challenge is to design continuous processes enable to develop products with uniform quality and high quantity,it might be provided by using the microreactors, the industrially important production of fine chemicals is frequently characterized by low conversions and yields, while the reaction conversion using the microreactors approaches +99%, which reduces the load in the separation step. The small volume of the micro-reactor issaving the material of construction, it isalso, enhanced the mass and heat management. Microreactors were locally designed and fabricated to develop a comprehensive study of micro-reactors performance. The aim of this article is the increasing of micro-reactor productivity through a numbering-up of the number of channels and micro-reactors. Multi-channel micro-reactors consist of ten and twenty Yshaped channels areemployed. Esterification reaction of ethanol/2-ethyl hexanoic acid was taken as an example to test the developed micro-reactors, itcarried out using different designs of micro-reactors.The reactions were completed at temperature 25°C and molar ratio 1:1. The product flow rate is significantly increased (0.00028-2.5E-6 m3s-1 ). A battery of 3-parallel microreactors of twenty channels was used to produce Ethyl Hexanoate, an economic feasibility study is developed

Epstein-barr Virus Infection And Gastric Carcinoma In São Paulo, Brazil

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus, and most people have serological evidence of previous viral infection at adult age. EBV is associated with infectious mononucleosis and human cancers, including some lymphomas and gastric carcinomas. Although EBV was first reported in lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma, the virus was also found in conventional adenocarcinomas. In the present study, 53 gastric carcinomas diagnosed in São Paulo State, Brazil, were evaluated for EBV infection by non-isotopic in situ hybridization with a biotinylated probe (Biotin-AGACACCGTCCTCACCACCC GGGACTTGTA) directed to the viral transcript EBER-I, which is actively expressed in EBV latently infected cells. EBV infection was found in 6 of 53 (11.32%) gastric carcinomas, mostly from male patients (66.7%), with a mean age of 59 years old. Most EBV-positive tumors were in gastric antrum. Two EBV-positive tumors (33.3%) were conventional adenocarcinomas, whereas four (66.7%) were classified as lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas. EBV infection in gastric carcinomas was reported elsewhere in frequencies that range from 5.6% (Korea) up to 18% (Germany). In Brazil, a previous work found EBV infection in 4 of 80 (5%) gastric carcinomas, whereas another study found 4.7 and 11.2% of EBV-positive gastric carcinomas of Brazilians of Japanese origin or not, respectively. In the present study, the frequency of EBV-positive gastric carcinomas is similar to that reported in other series, and the clinicopathologic characteristics of these EBV-positive tumors are in agreement with the data in the literature.371117071712zur Hausen, H., Schulte-Holthausen, H., Klein, G., Henle, W., Henle, G., Clifford, P., Santesson, L., EBV DNA in biopsies of Burkitt tumors and anaplastic carcinomas of the nasopharynx (1970) Nature, 228, pp. 1056-1058Shiramizu, B., Barriga, F., Neequaye, J., Jafri, A., Dalla-Favera, R., Neri, A., Guttierez, M., Magrath, I., Patterns of chromosomal breakpoint locations in Burkitt's lymphoma: Relevance to geography and Epstein-Barr virus association (1991) Blood, 77, pp. 1516-1526Weiss, L.M., Strickler, J.G., Warnke, R.A., Purtilo, D.T., Sklar, J., Epstein-Barr viral DNA in tissues of Hodgkin's disease (1987) American Journal of Pathology, 129, pp. 86-91Weiss, L.M., Movahed, L.A., Warnke, R.A., Sklar, J., Detection of Epstein-Barr viral genomes in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease (1989) New England Journal of Medicine, 320, pp. 502-506Jones, J.F., Shurin, S., Abramowsky, C., Tubbs, R.R., Sciotto, C.G., Wahl, R., Sands, J., Sklar, J., T-cell lymphomas containing Epstein-Barr viral DNA in patients with chronic Epstein-Barr virus infections (1988) New England Journal of Medicine, 318, pp. 733-741Harabuchi, Y., Yamanaka, N., Kataura, A., Imai, S., Kinoshita, T., Mizuno, F., Osato, T., Epstein-Barr virus in nasal T-cell lymphomas in patients with lethal midline granuloma (1990) Lancet, 335, pp. 128-130Hamilton-Dutoit, S.J., Pallesen, G., Franzmann, M.B., Karkov, J., Black, F., Skinhoj, P., Pedersen, C., AIDS-related lymphoma: Histopathology, immunophenotype, and association with Epstein-Barr virus as demonstrated by in situ nucleic acid hybridization (1991) American Journal of Pathology, 138, pp. 149-163MacMahon, E.M., Glass, J.D., Hayward, S.D., Mann, R.B., Becker, P.S., Charache, P., McArthur, J.C., Ambinder, R.F., Epstein-Barr virus in AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma (1991) Lancet, 338, pp. 969-973Wu, T.C., Mann, R.B., Epstein, J.I., MacMahon, E., Lee, W.A., Charache, P., Hayward, S.D., Ambinder, R.F., Abundant expression of EBER1 small nuclear RNA in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A morphologically distinctive target for detection of Epstein-Barr virus in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded carcinoma specimens (1991) American Journal of Pathology, 138, pp. 1461-1469Niedobitek, G., Young, L.S., Sam, C.K., Brooks, L., Prasad, U., Rickinson, A.B., Expression of Epstein-Barr virus genes and lymphocyte activation molecules in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinomas (1992) American Journal of Pathology, 140, pp. 879-887Krishnamurthy, S., Lanier, A.P., Dohan, P., Lanier, J.F., Henle, W., Salivary gland cancer in Alaskan natives, 1966-1980 (1987) Human Pathology, 18, pp. 986-996Leyvraz, S., Henle, W., Chahinian, A.P., Perlmann, C., Klein, G., Gordon, R.E., Rosenblum, M., Holland, J.F., Association of Epstein-Barr virus with thymic carcinoma (1985) New England Journal of Medicine, 312, pp. 1296-1299Dimery, I.W., Lee, J.S., Blick, M., Pearson, G., Spitzer, G., Hong, W.K., Association of Epstein-Barr virus with lymphoepithelioma of the thymus (1988) Cancer, 61, pp. 2475-2480Butler, A.E., Colby, T.V., Weiss, L., Lombard, C., Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma of the lung (1989) American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 13, pp. 632-639Burke, A.P., Yen, T.S., Shekitka, K.M., Sobin, L.H., Lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the stomach with Epstein-Barr virus demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (1990) Modern Pathology, 3, pp. 377-380Min, K.W., Holmquist, S., Peiper, S.C., O'Leary, T.J., Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with lymphoid stroma (lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas) of the stomach: Report of three cases with Epstein-Barr virus genomes demonstrated by the polymerase chain reaction (1991) American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 96, pp. 219-227Shibata, D., Tokunaga, M., Uemura, Y., Sato, E., Tanaka, S., Weiss, L.M., Association of Epstein-Barr virus with undifferentiated gastric carcinoma with intense lymphoid infiltration: Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (1991) American Journal of Pathology, 139, pp. 469-474Niedobitek, G., Herbst, H., Young, L.S., Rowe, M., Dienemann, D., Germer, C., Stein, H., Epstein-Barr virus and carcinomas: Expression of the viral genome in an undifferentiated gastric carcinoma (1992) Diagnostic Molecular Pathology, 1, pp. 103-108Nakamura, S., Ueki, T., Yao, T., Ueyama, T., Tsuneyoshi, M., Epstein-Barr virus in gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (1994) Cancer, 73, pp. 2239-2249Oda, K., Tamaru, J., Takenouchi, T., Mikata, A., Nunomura, M., Saitoh, N., Sarashina, H., Nakajima, N., Association of Epstein-Barr virus with gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma (1993) American Journal of Pathology, 143, pp. 1063-1071Matsunou, H., Konishi, F., Hori, H., Ikeda, T., Sasaki, K., Hirose, Y., Yamamichi, N., Characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma in Japan (1996) Cancer, 77, pp. 1998-2004Watanabe, H., Enjoji, M., Imai, T., Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma: Its morphologic characteristics and prognostic correlations (1976) Cancer, 38, pp. 232-243Koriyama, C., Akiba, S., Iriya, K., Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma in Japanese Brazilians and non-Japanese Brazilians in São Paulo (2001) Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, 92, pp. 911-917(2003) Estimativas Da Incidência E Mortalidade Por Câncer, , Brasil. 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Instituto Nacional de Câncer - INCA INCA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilShibata, D., Weiss, L.M., Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric adenocarcinoma (1992) American Journal of Pathology, 140, pp. 769-774Shibata, D., Hawes, D., Stemmermann, G.N., Weiss, L.M., Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric adenocarcinoma among Japanese Americans in Hawaii (1993) Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, 2, pp. 213-217Gulley, M.L., Pulitzer, D.R., Eagan, P.A., Schneider, B.G., Epstein-Barr virus infection is an early event in gastric carcinogenesis and is independent of bcl-2 expression and p53 accumulation (1996) Human Pathology, 27, pp. 20-27Herrera-Goepfert, R., Reyes, E., Hernandez-Avila, M., Mohar, A., Shinkura, R., Fujiyama, C., Akiba, S., Tokunaga, M., Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma in Mexico: Analysis of 135 consecutive gastrectomies in two hospitals (1999) Modern Pathology, 12, pp. 873-878Tokunaga, M., Land, C.E., Uemura, Y., Tokudome, T., Tanaka, S., Sato, E., Epstein-Barr virus in gastric carcinoma (1993) American Journal of Pathology, 143, pp. 1250-1254Fukayama, M., Hayashi, Y., Iwasaki, Y., Chong, J., Ooba, T., Takizawa, T., Koike, M., Hirai, K., Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma and Epstein-Barr virus infection of the stomach (1994) Laboratory Investigation, 71, pp. 73-81Takano, Y., Kato, Y., Saegusa, M., Mori, S., Shiota, M., Masuda, M., Mikami, T., Okayasu, I., The role of the Epstein-Barr virus in the oncogenesis of EBV(+) gastric carcinomas (1999) Virchows Archives, 434, pp. 17-22Qiu, K., Tomita, Y., Hashimoto, M., Ohsawa, M., Kawano, K., Wu, D.M., Aozasa, K., Epstein-Barr virus in gastric carcinoma in Suzhou, China and Osaka, Japan: Association with clinico-pathologic factors and HLA-subtype (1997) International Journal of Cancer, 71, pp. 155-158Yuen, S.T., Chung, L.P., Leung, S.Y., Luk, I.S., Chan, S.Y., Ho, J., In situ detection of Epstein-Barr virus in gastric and colorectal adenocarcinomas (1994) American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 18, pp. 1158-1163Harn, H.J., Chang, J.Y., Wang, M.W., Ho, L.I., Lee, H.S., Chiang, J.H., Lee, W.H., Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma in Taiwan (1995) Human Pathology, 26, pp. 267-271Shin, W.S., Kang, M.W., Kang, J.H., Choi, M.K., Ahn, B.M., Kim, J.K., Sun, H.S., Min, K.W., Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric adenocarcinomas among Koreans (1996) American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 105, pp. 174-181Chang, M.S., Lee, H.S., Kim, C.W., Kim, Y.I., Kim, W.H., Clinicopathologic characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus-incorporated gastric cancers in Korea (2001) Pathology, Research and Practice, 197, pp. 395-400Galetsky, S.A., Tsvetnov, W., Land, C.E., Afanasieva, T.A., Petrovichev, N.N., Gurtsevitch, V.E., Tokunaga, M., Epstein-Barr-virus-associated gastric cancer in Russia (1997) International Journal of Cancer, 73, pp. 786-789Selves, J., Bibeau, F., Brousset, P., Meggetto, F., Mazerolles, C., Voigt, J.J., Pradere, B., Delsol, G., Epstein-Barr virus latent and replicative gene expression in gastric carcinoma (1996) Histopathology, 28, pp. 121-127Ott, G., Kirchner, T., Müller-Hermelink, H.K., Monoclonal Epstein-Barr virus genome but lack of EBV-related protein expression in different types of gastric carcinoma (1994) Histopathology, 25, pp. 323-329Hayashi, K., Chen, W.G., Chen, Y.Y., Deletion of Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 gene in Japanese and Brazilian gastric carcinomas, metastatic lesions, and reactive lymphocytes (1998) American Journal of Pathology, 152, pp. 191-19

Epstein-Barr virus infection and gastric carcinoma in São Paulo State, Brazil

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus, and most people have serological evidence of previous viral infection at adult age. EBV is associated with infectious mononucleosis and human cancers, including some lymphomas and gastric carcinomas. Although EBV was first reported in lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma, the virus was also found in conventional adenocarcinomas. In the present study, 53 gastric carcinomas diagnosed in São Paulo State, Brazil, were evaluated for EBV infection by non-isotopic in situ hybridization with a biotinylated probe (Biotin-AGACACCGTCCTCACCACCC GGGACTTGTA) directed to the viral transcript EBER-I, which is actively expressed in EBV latently infected cells. EBV infection was found in 6 of 53 (11.32%) gastric carcinomas, mostly from male patients (66.7%), with a mean age of 59 years old. Most EBV-positive tumors were in gastric antrum. Two EBV-positive tumors (33.3%) were conventional adenocarcinomas, whereas four (66.7%) were classified as lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas. EBV infection in gastric carcinomas was reported elsewhere in frequencies that range from 5.6% (Korea) up to 18% (Germany). In Brazil, a previous work found EBV infection in 4 of 80 (5%) gastric carcinomas, whereas another study found 4.7 and 11.2% of EBV-positive gastric carcinomas of Brazilians of Japanese origin or not, respectively. In the present study, the frequency of EBV-positive gastric carcinomas is similar to that reported in other series, and the clinicopathologic characteristics of these EBV-positive tumors are in agreement with the data in the literature.1707171

Small bowel obstruction complicating colonoscopy: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>This report describes a rare complication of colonoscopy and reviews the literature with regard to other rare causes of acute abdominal presentations following colonoscopy.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>After a therapeutic colonoscopy a 60-year-old woman developed an acute abdomen. At laparotomy she was discovered to have small bowel obstruction secondary to incarceration through a congenital band adhesion.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Although there is no practical way in which such rare complications can be predicted, this case report emphasises the wide array of pathologies that can result in acute abdominal symptoms following colonoscopy.</p

d-cube decompositions of K-n/K-m

Necessary conditions on n, m and d are given for the existence of an edge-disjoint decomposition of K-n\K-m into copies of the graph of a d-dimensional cube. Sufficiency is shown when d = 3 and, in some cases, when d = 2(t). We settle the problem of embedding 3-cube decompositions of K-m into 3-cube decompositions of K-n; where n greater than or equal to m