Macroeconomic and industry-specific determinants of Greek bank profitability

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the external factors that influence the profitability of a typical Greek systemic bank over the period 2001 – 2014. Design/Methodology/Approach: A conceptual framework incorporating two fundamental groups of const ructs, namely, macroeconomic forces and industry related factors, was developed. Two constructs were examined in the former: GDP growth rate and unemployment rate, whilst two attributes were explored in the latter; the bank's market share, both in terms of deposits and in terms of assets, and the banking market growth, also both in terms of the market's total assets and total deposits. In order to isolate the effects of the ongoing financial crisis, the research was undertaken for two periods, firstly 2001 to 2014 and secondly, the period 2001 - 2011, which excluded the deep recession. Consequently, multiple regression analysis was conducted and linear models were specified by means of OLS. Findings: The empirical analysis revealed that both macroeconomic forces and industry-related factors affect bank profitability. As far as the macroeconomic factors are concerned, unemployment rate has a negative impact, whereas the GDP growth rate has a positive impact on bank profitability. The industry -related factors, rate of growth of the industry's deposits and bank's assets market share have a positive impact on the financial performance of the bank. Finally, the rate of growth of the industry's assets and the bank's deposits market share have a negative effect on bank profitability. Originality/Value: This study reveals the mechanism determining bank profitability over a recent period that includes the financial crisis. Moreover, understanding the impact of macroeconomic forces as well as industry related attributes on bank profitability may enable banks to focus on the most critical factors in their decision process

Upaya Peningkatan Bahasa Sehat di Tengah Dekadensi Bahasa Indonesia melalui Integrasi Kurikulum Pendidikan dan Kampus Merdeka

Kemajuan globalisasi juga memberikan pengaruh terhadap gaya komunikasi anak muda, khususnya dalam berbahasa. Saat ini bahasa gaul sudah bergerak menjadi trend di kalangan anak muda dan menyebabkan kecintaan terhadap Bahasa Indonesia semakin menurun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pentingnya menggunakan bahasa sehat (Bahasa Indonesia) dan upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menumbuhkan kecintaan terhadap penggunaan Bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar. Penulisan artikel ini mengaplikasikan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian mengetengahkan bahwa penggunaan bahasa sehat (Bahasa Indonesia) sangat penting, sebab bahasa merupakan identitas suatu bangsa. Di samping itu, pentingnya meningkatkan penggunaan Bahasa Indonesia juga didasarkan oleh beberapa hal, yakni agar eksistensi Bahasa Indonesia tidak terancam oleh bahasa gaul, agar derajat Bahasa Indonesia tidak menurun, dan agar Bahasa Indonesia tidak punah. Adapun upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan bahasa sehat (Bahasa Indonesia) adalah melalui program integrasi kurikulum pada institusi pendidikan, yang dilakukan melalui kontribusi generasi muda khususnya Duta Bahasa. Di dalam program ini, akan terbagi menjadi strategi yang berfokus pada dua mekanisme yaitu, integrasi pada kurikulum sekolah dan program linguistik yang dikolaborasikan bersamaan dengan program kampus merdeka

A Histologic and Histomorphometric Evaluation of an Allograft, Xenograft, and Alloplast Graft for Alveolar Ridge Preservation in Humans: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

The aim of this study was to clinically evaluate the guided bone regeneration (GBR) potential of allograft, xenograft, and alloplastic materials in combination with resorbable membranes in extraction sockets. The qualitative and quantitative assessments of this prospective study were accomplished through histologic and histomorphometric analysis. Three experimental groups and 1 control group for comparison (n = 8) received either an allograft (human cancellous bone, freeze dried, Deutsches Institut für Zell und Gewebeersatz, Berlin, Germany), xenograft (BioOss, Geistlich Pharma AG, Wolhusen, Switzerland), or alloplast (biphasic calcium sulphate, Bondbone, MIS Implants Technologies Ltd., Charlotte, NC). The negative control group received no regenerative material. Tissue samples were then qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated as a function of percentage of new vital bone, graft particles content, soft tissue, and bone marrow over time. All 3 study groups presented bone volume suitable for the successful placement of a dental implant. The xenograft group yielded significantly less amount of vital bone compared with the allograft and alloplast groups. When comparing the percentage of residual graft particles, there was significantly greater amounts associated with the xenograft group in contrast to the allograft and alloplast groups. Similarly, a significantly increased amount of soft tissue percentage was observed within the xenograft group relative to all other groups. No significant differences were observed in the percentage of residual graft particles between the allograft and alloplast groups. There were also no significant differences detected in vital bone percentage between the allograft, alloplast, and control groups. When evaluating the bone marrow percentage, the only significant difference detected was between the xenograft and alloplast materials. Overall, no complications (ie, fever, malaise, purulence or fistula) were observed during the entirety of clinical trial among all patients. The greatest GBR potential was associated with the allograft material because of the greater degree of vital bone and the lowest percentage of residual graft particles. All studied bone substitute materials resulted in bone apposition for efficient use in alveolar ridge preservation procedures