Snake Envenomation In Children: Early Reactions Frequency At Antivenom In Patients Pretreated With Histamine Antagonists H1 And H2 And Hydrocortisone

Type and frequency of early reactions (ER) were studied in 24 children aging 2-14 years victims of snake bites who received pretreatment with histamine antagonists H1 (dextrochlorfeniramine) and H2 (cimetidine or ranitidine) and hydrocortisone from 1989 to 1993. None of them had atopy nor received any type of anti-venoms (AV) and antitoxins before. Of 24 children, 15 received botrophic AV (ER in 5), 7 crotalic AV (ER in 5), 1 crotalic plus cortalic-botrophic AV, and 1 elapidic AV (ER in 1). In 3 children severe early reactions were observed and they were classified as severe crotalic accident. Results suggest that pre-treatment did not offer safety protection at the appearance of early reactions.36545145

Estudo comparativo do envenenamento escorpiônico grave em crianças provocado por Tityus bahiensis e Tityus serrulatus

From January 1984 to May 1994, 17 of 239 children under 15 years old stung by Tityus serrulatus (15.1%) or Tityus bahiensis (84.9%) presented severe envenoming. Of these 17 patients (1-11 years old; median=2 yr) 14 were stung by T.serrulatus and three by T.bahiensis. All of them received scorpion antivenom i.v. at times ranging from 45 min. to 5 h after the accident (median=2h). On admission, the main clinical manifestations and laboratory and electrocardiographic changes were: vomiting (17), diaphoresis (15), tachycardia (14), prostration (10), tachypnea (8), arterial hypertension (7), arterial hypotension (5), tremors (5), hypothermia (4), hyperglycemia (17), leukocytosis (16/16), hypokalemia (13/17), increased CK-MB enzyme activity (>;6% of the total CK, 11/12), hyperamylasemia (11/14), sinusal tachycardia (16/17) and a myocardial infarction-like pattern (11/17). Six patients stung by T.serrulatus had depressed left ventricular systolic function assessed by means of echocardiography. Of these, five presented pulmonary edema and four had shock. A child aged two-years old presented severe respiratory failure and died 65 h after being stung by T.serrulatus. Severe envenomations caused by T.serrulatus were 26.2 times more frequent than those caused by T.bahiensis (pNo período de janeiro de 1984 a maio de 1994, de 239 crianças com até 15 anos de idade, picadas por escorpiões pertencentes às espécies T.bahiensis (84,9%) e T.serrulatus (15,1%), 17 apresentaram envenenamento grave. Destes 17 pacientes, cuja idade variou de 1 a 11 anos (mediana=2anos), 14 foram picados por T.serrulatus e 3 por T.bahiensis. Todos receberam anti-veneno escorpiônico i.v. entre 45 min. e 5 hs após o acidente (mediana=2 horas). À admissão, as principais manifestações clínicas, alterações laboratoriais e eletrocardiográficas observadas foram: vômitos(17), sudorese profusa(15), taquicardia(14), prostração(10), taquipnéia (8), hipertensão arterial(7), hipotensão arterial(5), tremores(5), hipotermia(4), hiperglicemia(17), leucocitose (16/16), hipocaliemia(13/17), aumento da CK-MB (>;6% da CK total)(11/12), hiperamilasemia(11/14), taquicardia sinusal(16/17) e padrão semelhante ao infarto do miocárdio(11/17). A ecocardiografia, observou-se depressão da função sistólica ventricular esquerda em 6 pacientes, todos picados por T.serrulatus. Destes, 5 apresentaram edema pulmonar e 4 choque. Uma criança de 2 anos de idade, picada por T. serrulatus, faleceu 65 horas após o acidente devido insuficiência respiratória grave. Conclui-se que os acidentes graves determinados por T.serrulatus foram 26,2 vezes mais freqüentes que os determinados por T.bahiensis (

Estudo comparativo do envenenamento escorpiônico grave em crianças provocado por Tityus bahiensis e Tityus serrulatus

From January 1984 to May 1994, 17 of 239 children under 15 years old stung by Tityus serrulatus (15.1%) or Tityus bahiensis (84.9%) presented severe envenoming. Of these 17 patients (1-11 years old; median=2 yr) 14 were stung by T.serrulatus and three by T.bahiensis. All of them received scorpion antivenom i.v. at times ranging from 45 min. to 5 h after the accident (median=2h). On admission, the main clinical manifestations and laboratory and electrocardiographic changes were: vomiting (17), diaphoresis (15), tachycardia (14), prostration (10), tachypnea (8), arterial hypertension (7), arterial hypotension (5), tremors (5), hypothermia (4), hyperglycemia (17), leukocytosis (16/16), hypokalemia (13/17), increased CK-MB enzyme activity (>6% of the total CK, 11/12), hyperamylasemia (11/14), sinusal tachycardia (16/17) and a myocardial infarction-like pattern (11/17). Six patients stung by T.serrulatus had depressed left ventricular systolic function assessed by means of echocardiography. Of these, five presented pulmonary edema and four had shock. A child aged two-years old presented severe respiratory failure and died 65 h after being stung by T.serrulatus. Severe envenomations caused by T.serrulatus were 26.2 times more frequent than those caused by T.bahiensis (p6% da CK total)(11/12), hiperamilasemia(11/14), taquicardia sinusal(16/17) e padrão semelhante ao infarto do miocárdio(11/17). A ecocardiografia, observou-se depressão da função sistólica ventricular esquerda em 6 pacientes, todos picados por T.serrulatus. Destes, 5 apresentaram edema pulmonar e 4 choque. Uma criança de 2 anos de idade, picada por T. serrulatus, faleceu 65 horas após o acidente devido insuficiência respiratória grave. Conclui-se que os acidentes graves determinados por T.serrulatus foram 26,2 vezes mais freqüentes que os determinados por T.bahiensis (p<0,001).33133