In vitro Cytotoxic Activity of Four Plants Used in Persian Traditional Medicine

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro cytotoxic activity of four methanolic crude plant extracts against panel cell lines. Methods: Methanolic extracts were tested for their possible antitumor activity and cytotoxicity using the 3-(4,5-dimetylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on six cancer cell lines; non-Hodgkin’s B-cell lymphoma (Raji), human leukemic monocyte lymphoma (U937), human acute myelocytic leukemia (KG-1A), human breast carcinoma (MCF-7 cells), human Prostate Cancer (PC3) and mouse fibrosarcoma (WEHI-164) cell lines and one normal cell line; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC). Results: All species showed dose dependent inhibition of cell proliferation. IC50 values ranging from 25.66±1.2 to 205.11±1.3 μg/ml. The highest cytotoxic activity Chelidonium majus L> Ferulago Angulata DC> Echinophora platyloba DC> Salvia officinalis L, respectively. Conclusion: all extracts demonstrate promising cytotoxicity activity as a natural resource for future bio-guided fractionation and isolation of potential antitumor agents

Induction of CD14 Expression and Differentiation to Monocytes or Mature Macrophages in Promyelocytic Cell Lines: New Approach

Purpose: CD14, one of the main differentiation markers on the surface of myeloid lineage cells, acts as a key role in activation of LPS-induced monocytes. LPS (lipopolysaccharide) binds to LPS-binding protein in plasma and are delivered to the cell surface receptor CD14. In this study, Various stimuli [Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO), active 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] and LPS], either alone or in combination, have been recognized that have an effect on the level of CD14 expression in the human HL-60 and U937 promonocytic cell lines and therefore induce their terminal differentiation into monocytes or mature macrophages. Methods: U937 and HL-60 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% FBS. For each cell line, 1×106 cells were seeded for 72 hours with DMSO, 14 days with LPS and 18 days with 1, 25-D3 in each well plate; then ELISA method was used to study their responses to the factors by means of anti-CD14. Results: ELISA assay demonstrated that U937 and HL-60 cells were induced by both [1,25(OH)2D3] and DMSO to obtain characteristics of adherent cells and express CD14 protein; moreover, LPS at a low dose increased CD14 expression on surface of this cells. Conclusion: According to the our results, it is speculated that CD14 gene expression may be induced in human U937 and HL-60 cell lines by different factors including 1,25-D3, DMSO and LPS

Comparing Mental Health of School-Age Children with and without Epilepsy

How to Cite This Article: Shamsaei F, Cheraghi F, Zamani Ghr. Comparing Mental Health of School-Age Children with and without Epilepsy: A Case Control Study. Iran J Child Neurol. Summer 2016; 10(3):35-41. AbstractObjectiveMental health problems frequently occur in children with epilepsy but the diagnosis is frequently missed and therapeutic opportunities are often lost. The aim of this study was to compare mental health statues between school-aged children with epilepsy and the healthy group.Materials & Methods In this case, control study, 120 children aged 6 to 12 years with idiopathic epilepsy and 240 healthy control groups were followed up. Children with epilepsy were enrolled from Iranian Epilepsy Association in 2014. The parent version of Child Symptom Inventory-4 questionnaire was used. Mean comparisons were performed using Student’s t test while effect sizes were estimated by Cohen’s d coefficient. The Chi-Square test was used to assess the difference between frequency distribution of demographic variables in both groups. The significance level was considered less than 0.05.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences between children with epilepsy and control group as for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, major depression, separation anxiety, social phobia, motor and vocal tics and oppositional defiant disorder.ConclusionThe carefully evaluating and prospectively following the psychopathology symptom of children with epilepsy are critical for early identification, prevention and treatment.ReferencesValizadeh L, Barzegar M, Akbarbegloo M, Zamanzadeh V, Rahiminia E, Ferguson CF. The relationship between psychosocial care and attitudes toward illness in adolescents with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2013; 27(1):267-71.Russ SA, Larson K, Halfon N. A national profile of childhood epilepsy and seizure disorder. Pediatrics 2002; 129(2):256-264.Kotsopoulos IA, van Merode T, Kessels FG, de Krom MC, Knottnerus, JA. Systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence studies of epilepsy and unprovoked seizures. Epilepsia 2002; 43(11):402–1409.Sayehmiri K, Tavan H, Sayehmiri F, Mohamadi I, Carson KV. Prevalence of Epilepsy in Iran: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Iran J Child Neurol 2014; 8(4): 9–17.Salpekar JA, Dunn DW. Psychiatric and psychosocial consequences of pediatric epilepsy. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2007; 14(4): 181-8.Ott D, Siddarth P, Gurbani S, Koh S, Tournay A, Shields WD, Caplan R. Behavioral disorders in pediatric epilepsy: unmet psychiatric need. Epilepsia 2003; 44(4): 591-597.Davies S, Heyman I, Goodman R. A population survey of mental health problems in children with epilepsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2003; 45(5):292-295.Maia Filho HS, Costa CRM, Gomes MM. Epilepsia e Saúde Mental na Infância. J Epilep Clin Neurophysiol 2006; 12(2):79-88.Gaitatzis A, Carroll K, Majeed A, Sander J. The epidemiology of the comorbidity of epilepsy in the general population. Epilepsia 2004; 45(2):1613-1622.Jones JE, Watson R, Sheth R, Caplan R, Koehn M, Seidenberg M, Hermann B. Psychiatric comorbidity in children with new onset epilepsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2007; 49(7):493-7.Gadow KD, Sprafkin J. Child symptom inventory-4 Screening and norms manual. Stony Brook, NY: checkmate Plus Ltd, 2002.Dulcan MK, Mina K. Dulcan’s Textbook of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. 1st ed, American Psychiatric Pub, 2010.Jafari N, Mohammadi MR, Khanbani M, Farid S, Chiti P. Effect of Play Therapy on Behavioral Problems of Maladjusted Preschool Children. Iran J Psychiatry 2011 6(1): 37–42.Hermann B, Jones J, Dabbs K, Allen CA, Sheth R, Fine J, McMillan A, Seidenberg M. The frequency, complications and etiology of ADHD in new onset pediatric epilepsy. Brain 2007; 130(Pt 12):3135-48.Kaner AM. Psychiatric Comorbidity in Children with Epilepsy … or Is It: Epilepsy Comorbidity in Children with Psychiatric Disorders? Epilepsy Curr 2008; 8(1): 10–12.Williams J Steel C, Sharp GB, DelosReyes E, Phillips T, Bates S, Lange B, Griebel ML. Parental anxiety and quality of life in children with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2003; 4(5): 483–486.Stefanello S, Marín-Léon L, Fernandes PT, Li LM, Botega NJ. Depression and anxiety in a community sample with epilepsy in Brazil. Arq Neuropsiquiatria 2011; 69 (2):342-348.Dunn DW, Austin JK, Perkins SM. Prevalence of psychopathology in childhood epilepsy: categorical and dimensional measures. Dev Med Child Neurol 2009; 51(5):364-372.McDermott S, Mani S, Krishnaswami S. A population-based analysis of specific behavior problems associated with childhood seizures. J Epilepsy 1995; 8(2):110–118.Davies S, HeymanI Goodman R. Apopulation survey of mental health problems in children with epilepsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2003; 45(5):292-295.Parisi R, Moavero R, Verrotti A, Curatolo P. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with epilepsy. Brain Dev 2010; 32(1):10–16

Depressive disorder in rheumatoid arthritis: the more joint’s distressed, the more severely depressed

Introduction: To determine the prevalence of depressive disorder and it's related factors in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conductd from April 2013 to August 2014.A total of 81 patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) were enrolled from Rheumatology Clinic, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan/ Iran. The Severety of depressive disorder was measured by Beck Depression Inventory, and the diagnosis of depressive disorder was confirmed in clinical interview by psychiatrist based on DSM-IV-TR. Results: Findings showed that more than half of the RA patients with depression 55.5 % had severe depression, the rest had Moderate and mild degree of depression, (16.7%) and (27.8%) respectively. There was no statistically significant relationship between depression and age, sex, marital status, job, economic status, and joint deformity (P > 0.05). However, the relationship between depression and the number of affected joints was statistically significant (P = 0.02), those patients with seven or more affected joints had a higher rate of depression than those with six or less. Conclusion: Due to the relatively high prevalence of depressive disorder among those patients with rheumatoid arthritis early screening and treatment of depressive disorder is greatly recommended. Declaration of interest: Non

Inter-Rater Agreement of Emergency Nurses and Physicians in Emergency Severity Index (ESI) Triage

Introduction: Triage is one of the most important systems in patients prioritizing at the time of arrival to hospital. Based on the severity of the injury and the need for treatment, this system manages patients in the least time which could lead to rotation of patients with high reliability and safety. Currently, the most accepted method for triage is emergency severity index (ESI) system, considered as five-level triage method, too. This method were implemented in Al Zahra Hospital of Isfahan by trained nurses since March to May 2010. This study was aimed to evaluate the accuracy of emergency nursing triage using ESI. Methods: This prospective cross sectional study was carried out on 601 patients referred to Al-Zahra hospital of Isfahan through May 2010. The patients’ triage level were determined by physicians and nurses separately and the results compared. To define the level of agreement between two groups (inter-rater agreement), the kappa index was evaluated. To specify the association between the time interval of initial triage and patient final status, Chi-Square test was applied using SPSS 18 statistical software. Results: There was no significant difference between results of nurses and physicians triage (P<0/0001). The agreement level (kappa index) between two groups was 94% (95% CI: 0.931-0.957). Of 601 patients, 44.1% ones were hospitalized at the emergency department, 52.6% discharged and 3.3% died. The average of time interval between nursing triage and physician visit was 9.55 minutes at the level one triage, 21.64 minutes at level two, 26.03 minutes at level three, 26.93 minutes at level four, and 11.70 minutes at level five. Conclusion: It seems that there is an acceptable inter-rater agreement between emergency nurses and physicians regarding patients’ triage in terms of ESI system

Cu(OAc)2 as a green promoter for one-pot synthesis of 2-amino-4,6-diarylpyridine- 3-carbonitrile as antibacterial agents

The extensive use of antimicrobial drugs and their resistance against bacterial infections have led to discover new antimicrobial compounds. In this study, we wish to report, one-pot synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives (1a-14a). These compounds were synthesized in the presence of Cu(OAc)2 as a highly effective heterogeneous acid catalyst. Here we evaluated the antimicrobial activities of these compounds against different species of microorganisms including gram positive and gram negative bacteria as well as fungi. Standard antimicrobial methods include disc diffusion and Broth microdilution method according to the protocol of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyanopyridine derivatives were done via reaction of aromatic aldehydes, acetophenone derivatives, malononitrile and ammonium acetate in the presence of Cu(OAc)2 under reflux condition. The results show compound 2-amino-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-phenylnicotinonitrile (10a) had the best antimicrobial efficacy toward C. albicans, E. faecalis, P. aeroginosa and E. coli. In conclusion, comparing the structure and activity of the compounds (10a), this compound with the presence of Cl residue at para-position of phenyl ring improves the antibacterial and antifungal activity.   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(1), 149-156. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i1.1

Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Failure of Treatment, and its Related Factors in Kashan During 2004-2017

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis affects the lungs in 85% of all cases and the remaining 15% through extra pulmonary affecting other parts of the body such as lymph nodes, pleura, and the genitourinary system. This study aimed to investigate extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) associated factors, failure of treatment, and trends between 2004-2017 in Kashan, Iran.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted during 2004-2017 on newly registered extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients referred to TB Referral Center in Isfahan province, Kashan city, Iran. Information (demographic characteristics, related factors of the disease, and treatment status) of 197 extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) patients was extracted from Medical case records.Results: In total, 527 cases of Tuberculosis were reported, of which, 159 (30.17%) were confirmedextrapulmonary TB. Eighty-five (53.5%) and 74 (46.5%) were male and female, respectively. Also, 74(46.5%), and 84 (53.5%) of EPTB were from Iran, and Afghanistan immigrants, respectively. The average age of patients was 41.9±2.18. Among underlying diseases in extrapulmonary TB positive, diabetes mellitus (DM) was predominant with a prevalence of 31 (19.5%), while, 128 (80.5%) cases did not show any underlying disease. Most of the patients were in the age group (21-40 years) with a frequency of 60 (37.7%), and the lowest of patients belonged to the age group (>80 years) with a frequency of 9 (5.7%). No correlation was found between related factors and infection with EPTB (p> 0.05).Conclusion: Our findings showed that the prevalence of EPTB in Kashan was relatively high, but, a relative decrease was shown during 2004-2017, which with preventative measures can be reduced the prevalence

The major matters and events in creating and overcoming transition crises in the family life cycle

Background: This study aimed to investigate the major matters and events in overcoming transition crises in the family life cycle. Methods: This study is a qualitative approach and a grounded method. The statistical population included couples living in Karaj in 2020 that 80 of them were selected by purposeful sampling method. They were assigned to 20 people in each period. In the qualitative part, data analysis was performed based on grounded theory by performing three coding steps (open, axial and selective). To describe the data, the usual methods in descriptive and inferential statistics such as preparing frequency tables, calculating statistical indicators were used in SPSS software. Sequential strategy was used to combine quantitative and qualitative data. Results: 20 indicators and 5 components were identified. Economic and social areas such as the difficulty in dividing family responsibilities between spouses, economic and financial issues were some of the influential factors. Factors affecting family experiences such as social, religious and family factors had a great impact on the challenges of Iranian families. Conclusion: In the study population, lived experiences of identity in families located at different stages of the family life cycle can be considered as the concerns of families. It seems that the lived experience of individuals in families is affected by economic and social problems that have overshadowed their needs, such as coronary heart disease, family well-being, housing purchase, high cost of living, children's future and start-ups. Business

The frequency study of allergy to common food allergens in children 1 to 6 years with suspected food allergy referring Imam Ali Clinic, Shahrekord

زمینه و هدف: آلرژی به مواد غذایی به عنوان یکی از مشکلات بهداشت جهانی به ویژه در کشورهای در حال توسعه می‌باشد و میزان آن همانند بقیه‌ ی اختلالات آلرژیک رو به افزایش می‌باشد. هدف از انجام این مطالعه، بررسی فراوانی آلرژن‌ های غذایی شایع بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه ی توصیفی- تحلیلی که با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری آسان، بر روی 230 نفر از کودکان 6-1 سال مراجعه کننده به کلینیک امام علی (ع) شهرکرد در سال 1393 انجام شد، کودکان در 2 گروه 115 نفره شامل افراد مشکوک به آلرژی غذایی و 115 نفر بدون علایم آلرژی غذایی قرار گرفتند و آلرژن ‌های غذایی شایع شامل شیر گاو، تخم مرغ و بادام زمینی از نظر آزمون پوستی بررسی شدند. برای آنالیز داده ‌ها از آزمون ‌های آماری T-test و کای دو استفاده گردید. یافته ها: بین آلرژی به بادام زمینی، تخم مرغ و دیگر آلرژن ها (فلفل، موز، ماهی، کیوی، خربزه، گندم، هلو، بادمجان، کدو، گوجه فرنگی و هندوانه) با گروه های مورد مطالعه ارتباط معنی داری مشاهده گردید (001/0>P). 79 نفر (7/68) از کودکان گروه مورد و 22 نفر (1/19) از کودکان گروه کنترل حداقل به یک آلرژن واکنش نشان دادند. بیشترین حساسیت 79 نفر (3/34) مربوط به دیگر آلرژن ها و کمترین آن 2 نفر (9/0) مربوط به آلرژی نسبت به شیر بود. نتیجه گیری: دیگر آلرژن ها به عنوان بیشترین و شیر گاو به عنوان کمترین فراوانی حساسیت غذایی کودکان شناسایی شد. این حساسیت در کودکان مشکوک به آلرژی غذایی نسبت به گروه شاهد بیشتر بود

The Moderating Role of Students' Learning Styles and Emotional Intelligence in Learning Volleyball Setting Skill in a Cooperative Method

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the moderating role of students' learning styles and emotional intelligence in learning the setting skill in a cooperative method.Method: The research method was a quasi-experimental type, in which 48 female students in the first stage of high school were selected conveniently and were assigned into one of four groups: divergent learning style with low/high emotional intelligence and convergent learning style with low/high emotional intelligence. After the pre-test and passing the course in an educational environment by using the cooperative learning model, the participants took part in the immediate retention, retention, and transfer tests. The measurement tools were Kolb's learning styles questionnaires, Goleman's emotional intelligence questionnaires, and the French and Cooper volleyball tests. In the data analysis, the mean and standard deviation were used in the descriptive statistics section; and in the inferential statistics section, the analysis of variance with repeated measurements and mixed model (4x4) were used at a significance level of 0.05.Findings: The findings indicate that there is a significant difference between the amount of immediate retention, retention, and transfer of volleyball setting skills in a cooperative way in groups with convergent and divergent learning styles and with high and low emotional intelligence; as in the immediate retention, retention, and transfer stages of the group with divergent learning style and high emotional intelligence got the highest score and the group with convergent learning style and low emotional intelligence got the lowest score.Conclusion: it is important to pay attention to the role of learning styles and emotional intelligence of students in teaching setting skills. In addition, it seems that the cooperative learning model is considered a suitable method to use during sports hours