A Secured Model of IoT-based Smart Gas Detecting and Automatic Alarm System

A gas leakage detector is a device for detecting gases in an area that is often used in a security system. This type of equipment is used to detect gas leakage or another emission. A gas warning device can alert operators in the vicinity of a possible gas leak and enable them to escape. The device is important because many gases can be harmful to organic life, such as humans or animals. This can be used to detect flammable, flammable, and toxic gases, as well as a lack of oxygen. Identifying potentially dangerous gas leaks through sensors. These sensors often use an audible alarm to alert people when dangerous gas has been detected. The purpose of this paper is to propose and discuss the design of an IoT-based gas leakage detection system that can automatically detect and warn gas leaks. The proposed system also includes a warning system for users. The system is based on sensors that can easily detect gas leaks

Artificial neural network based adaptive control of single phase Dual Active Bridge with finite time disturbance compensation

Single phase Dual Active Bridge (DAB) has found numerous applications in modern energy architectures such as direct current (DC) microgrid, electrical vehicle charging and high voltage direct current (HVDC) system. Due to the model complexities of DAB, this work proposes a model free adaptive control method based on artificial neural network (AANN) which is capable of adjusting the weights online in finite time. The finite time learning property of the proposed controller makes it perfectly robust for the compensation of the disturbances due to source and load side variations. A proportional integral (PI) controller is used to stabilize the nominal dynamics of the system along with the AANN controller. The structure of the proposed controller is as simple as PID controller and as robust as any nonlinear control method. The AANN-PI controller is implemented on TI Launchpad (TMS320F28379D) with a 50 Watts laboratory scale DAB test bench. Finally, the performance of the AANN-PI method is compared experimentally with classical PI and sliding mode controllers

ANN driven FOSMC based adaptive droop control for enhanced DC microgrid resilience

Parallel operation of power converters in islanded DC microgrids exhibits significant trade-off in voltage regulation and current sharing with conventional droop control. The converters exhibit inaccuracies in proportionate sharing of current when subject to heavy and transient loading while sharing a common bus. Moreover, the inaccuracies further persist due to unmodeled dynamics, parametric uncertainties, disturbance in the system and communication reliability. Therefore, the resilient parallel operation of power converters in DC microgrids requires a robust and fast control strategy that can mitigate the effect of disturbances and maintain regulated bus voltage with proportional current sharing amongst the power converters. Consequently, this work proposes a novel ANN driven droop control for a DC microgrid to enhance the transient response and mitigate disturbance in finite time. Two controllers based on adaptive droop strategy are proposed; the primary controller is a generalized Hebb's learning law-based PI integrated controller that can adjust the gains in real time for finite-time disturbance compensation in the networks and the secondary control regulates the bus voltage using fractional order sliding mode control. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated by simulation and experiment and compared with the conventional and distributed droop control methods, proving its robust and adaptive performance for resilient DC microgrid applications

A computationally efficient robust voltage control for a single phase dual active bridge

This paper proposes fractional and integer order sliding mode controllers (SMC) for the high voltage (HV) bridge control in a bidirectional dual active (DAB) converter. The proposed controllers are derived based on nonlinear model of DAB converter and the closed loop stability is ensured using integer and fractional order Lyapunov theorems. Fractional order controllers offer more degree of freedom to adjust the desired response of the system, however the implementation issues of such controllers are rarely explored. Both variants of control schemes are implemented on a DSP control card, and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) and processor-in-the-loop (PIL) experiments are conducted using rapid control prototyping technique. In order to choose the most suitable robust controller, experimental data for the two performance indices namely robustness and computational resources utilization is compared for both integer and fractional order control schemes. The experimental results demonstrate that the integer order SMC utilizes reduced computational resources as compared to the fractional order SMC. Moreover it is further verified that integer order SMC exhibits comparable robustness as fractional order SMC under all test conditions

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Limb Pain as Unusual Presentation of a Parietal Intraparenchymal Bleeding Associated with Crack Cocaine Use: A Case Report

Limb pain as a presenting feature of an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke is extremely rare. Here we present a case of a 65-year-old male with complaints of left arm pain and allodynia (specifically light touch to any part of the left arm produced significant discomfort) who was found to have a right parietal lobe intraparenchymal bleed after smoking crack cocaine. Acute central pain is mainly associated with parietal, thalamic, and brainstem lesions. It has been proposed that acute limb pain from a parietal lobe stroke is due to the disconnection of the parietal cortex from the thalamus secondary to the interruption of the pathways between the hemisphere and thalamus/basal ganglia

Multimode synchronous resonance detection in converters dominated power system using synchro-waveforms

In recent years, the reporting of synchronous resonance events (sub-synchronous and super-synchronous) has become more common due to the rapid penetration of power grids with renewable power sources. The sub-synchronous events have been frequently observed for networks with wind farms connected downstream of the grid by-line compensators. However, new phenomena of multi-mode synchronous resonance have emerged due to the inverter-based resources (IBRs) interpolating range of frequencies in the fundamental frequency. Such events are significantly important to detect for stable operation of the system as the event results in escalating power oscillations in the network that can lead to the disconnection of generation sources and may damage the generators. Detection of such events using PMUs possess significant challenges in terms of their limited reporting rate, spectral leakage and picket fence effect, which intuitively report false amplitude and frequency of the modes of interest while detecting multimode resonance. Therefore, this work leverages novel synchro-waveforms to analyze the complex power sinusoids and initiate early detection of non-fundamental frequency intrusions in the signals leading to unstable operation and oscillation in the network. The proposed method is validated using the IEEE test benchmark and results intimate the potential real-time grid applications

Comparison of non-communication based DC load shedding scheme

Whenever the total power that can be provided by the distributed energy resources (DERs) is less than the total power demand of the loads, the DC bus voltages start to fall which could lead to power collapse. This paper investigates and compares the performances of the existing non-communication-based (decentralized) load shedding schemes in a direct current (DC) microgrid to protect the integrity of the microgrid under a large disturbance. The simulation is carried out in a Matlab environment with various forms of load and distributed energy resources on an IEEE 37 AC Node converted to DC. The findings show that the conventional load shedding scheme could expose critical loads to substantial and lengthy voltage sags. Voltage sags and over-shedding of load could be resolved using a combined load shedding scheme. The adaptive schemes minimize the duration and magnitude of voltage drop by utilizing the rate of change of voltage (ROCOV) to achieve a more reliable assessment of the microgrid operating conditions and determine the appropriate load shedding voltage thresholds and time delays. All the schemes could not achieve optimal load shedding, this work therefore leads to the need for more advanced load shedding schemes that can shed load optimally for future DC microgrids

Endurance driven energy management system for all-electric marine autonomous surface vehicle

An autonomous eco-robotic Surface Vessel (ASV) is designed to operate in extreme weather conditions with an autonomy of several days or months. This research work aims to present a process for on-board power management between the vessel’s power sources, while maximizing the use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and taking into consideration onboard sensor, navigation and control and data transfer power requirements. A detailed architecture for a DC network integrating Photovoltaic (PV) panels, Fuel Cells (FCs), hydro generator and energy storage systems is developed. An efficient and flexible Energy Management System (EMS) is developed for managing power sources and maximising endurance using only clean energy. To assess the performance of EMS in meeting the energy demands of the Ocean drone’s equipment and propulsion systems, a simulation-based analysis is carried out for realistic missions and scenarios. The developed EMS strategy intends to harvest the energy from PV and hydrogenerator while maintaining the Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) as charged as possible. The developed power supply system architecture and EMS can jointly accommodate the need for efficient and long-lasting operation of the vessel with CO2-emission free energy sources

Gifted and Talented Education: Organizational Foundations and Trends in International Cooperation

У статті подано характеристику діяльності міжнародних організацій у сфері освіти обдарованих і талановитих дітей, а також тенденцій її розвитку у регіональному та глобальному контексті. Досліджено чинники актуалізації проблеми, цільові пріоритети, змістові та організаційні засади міжнародної співпраці у сфері освіти обдарованих і талановитих. Окреслено актуальну тематику міжнародних конференцій та наукових розвідок у досліджуваній галузі. Зроблено висновки щодо тенденцій формування міжнародної професійної громади та розвитку міжнародного простору освіти обдарованих і талановитих.In the article the characteristics of the activities of international organizations in the field of gifted and talented education (GATE) and trends of international cooperation in GATE are revealed. The factors that actualize the problem (economic, socio-political, academic), the mission (to focus world attention on gifted and talented children and ensure the realization of their valuable potential to the benefit of humankind), the main activities of the leading international organizations, primarily European Council for High Ability and the World Council for Gifted and Talented Children (conferences, professional education programs, research journals, newsletters, courses, summer schools, professional awards, international days/weeks/years etc.) are characterized. The topics discussed at international conferences and research in the sphere of GATE are analyzed (problems in the field GATE in the context of the knowledge society, networking of information space, IT-development, globalization and internationalization of education; theory, research, and practices of creativity development; curriculum and classroom practices; developing future leaders; guidance and counseling of gifted and talented; homeschooling, parenting, and parent matters; innovation education; moral education, values, and social conscience; social emotional needs of the gifted, creative, and talented; the influence of ethno-cultural factors on understanding of the giftedness and talent as a phenomenon and attitudes to it in different countries and regions of the world, etc.) . The multi-level , multi-disciplinary and multi-subject character of international cooperation in the field of study is presented. The major trends in the development of international GATE cooperation are revealed: the further differentiation of subjects of international cooperation, the growth of participation level of practitioners in the international cooperation; diversity of the activities of international organizations in the field of study ; increased emphasis on the formation of national networks in the field of GATE, the enhancement of international cooperation among all stakeholders of GATE in social networks; the development of the specific alternatives to the existing formal international associations in the form of informal networks