Optimum influence of tensile functions on welded parts of AA 2024-T3 produced from friction stir mechanism utilizing air and water

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a modern technology employed in welding aluminum alloys in various industrial fields such as airplane industries. Therefore, AA 2024-T3 alloy can be one of the active materials used in this field. From here, numerous studies have been conducted on the natural flow of air and water to cool the welded joints of this alloy. Nonetheless, the forced air and water were not utilized with this alloy. Hence, the purpose of this study is to apply these forced convection mechanisms to specify the optimal outputs of tensile functions using multi-objective optimization by the General Full Factorial (GFF) technique. In addition, the rotational speeds were 800, 1000, 1200 rpm in this experimental medium. Therefore, the optimal parameters resulting from this work were 1200 rpm and forced water to achieve the best performance. Furthermore, the morphology of the fracture region is induced by these parameters leading to appearing big dimples. Finally, these dimples contribute to enhancing the plastic fracture without brittleness

99mTc-Nannocolloid Localization of Lymphorenal Fistula Causing Chyluria

Chyluria is an abnormal condition in which chyle appears in the urine because of a fistulous communication between the lymphatics and the urinary tract. It is not life-threatening and spontaneous regression is reported in 50% of cases. Lymphangiography has been the main imaging modality for localization of the site of fistula, but it is invasive and requires expertise. Lymphoscintigraphy using Tc-99m labelled colloid is a safe, non-invasive, reproducible technique, which bears less radiation exposure. A 67-year-old male presented with 7-month history of chyluria following a spinal surgery. Bilateral lower limb lymphoscintigram revealed sluggish lymph flow in the left lower limb and visualization of tracer in the left kidney consistent with lymphorenal fistula. Subsequent cystography revealed appearance of chylous urine from left ureter. Patient refused surgery

Isolated tuberculous thyroiditis as solitary thyroid nodule

Isolated involvement of the thyroid by tuberculosis is very rare as reported in literature. We are presenting a case of isolated tuberculous thyroiditis presented as a solitary thyroid nodule. The patient was treated with anti-tuberculous regimen and he responded well with disappearance of the nodule and normalization of the thyroid scan

Primary clear cell sarcoma of the ileum: an uncommon and misleading site

A clear cell sarcoma, arising primarily in the ileum of a 35-year-old man, is reported. Histologically, the neoplasm infiltrated the full thickness of the intestinal wall. It consisted of strands and sheets of round to spindle-shaped cells with clear to eosinophilic cytoplasm, vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Vascular invasion was present at diagnosis. Tumour cells expressed S-100 protein, melan-A and tyrosinase. They were negative for HMB45, CD117, cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, smooth muscle actin, desmin, CD31, CD34, chromogranin and synaptophysin. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis performed on paraffin-embedded tissue showed EWS-ATF1 fusion transcripts representative of the t(12;22) (q13;q12) clear cell sarcoma reciprocal translocation. The patient, who developed liver metastases 2 months after diagnosis, died of disease at 15 months. This case demonstrates that the gastrointestinal tract is a potential site for primary clear cell sarcoma of soft tissues, and, furthermore, that cytogenetics and/or molecular techniques play a central role in the diagnosi

Improving Breast Cancer Education: The Case of an Evolving Multidisciplinary Module for Undergraduate Medical Students (Lausanne Medical School, 1993-2008)

Breast cancer is a public health issue in numerous countries. Multidisciplinary collaboration is required for patient care, research, and also education of future physicians. This paper uses Kern's framework for curriculum design to demonstrate how a breast diseases module for undergraduate medical students created in 1993 evolved over 15years. The main outcomes of program refinements were better integrated course content, the development of electronic course documents, and implementation of computer-aided small group learning. A main future challenge is to further develop efficient instructional strategies in line with well-defined learning needs for undergraduate student

Design and Implementation of Lab Scale Automated Solar Powered Irrigation and Fertigation System

In Brunei, natural oil and gas contributes to about 99% in the generation of electricity and about 88% to the country revenue. Since Brunei is heavily dependent on a non-renewable energy, potential exhaustion of oil and gas reserves pose a challenge to the country, especially with continuous increase of energy consumption in order to meet the population demand. Additionally, Brunei has ambition to improve its agriculture sector. Implementations of PV systems in local agricultural sectors can also help improving the country revenue by increasing yield and reducing costs from electricity consumption. In this paper, we present design and practical implementation of fully automated solar powered irrigation and fertigation system. Ultrasonic sensors and moisture sensors are used to detect the state of the tank and the soil. The whole system is controlled with a microcontroller and a wireless monitoring system with mobile application is designed. The operation of the system was tested and the performance was acceptable

THE FEDERATION OF STUDENT ISLAMIC SOCIETIES PROGRAMME TO CHALLENGE MENTAL HEALTH STIGMA IN MUSLIM COMMUNITIES IN ENGLAND: THE FOSIS BIRMINGHAM STUDY

Background: 1 in 4 people experience mental health problems at some point during their lives and Muslims are no exception. Exacerbating the morbidity and mortality associated with mental health problems in Muslims is Islamophobia. Stigma and shame are major barriers to accessing and using mental health services and many Muslims with mental health problems do not receive the treatment they need. The Federation of Student Islamic Societies (FOSIS) United Kingdom branch organized a mental health conference to challenge the stigma attached to psychological problems in Muslims and to encourage care seeking in this group. Design: We conducted a single arm, pre-post comparison study on Muslims who attended the FOSIS mental health conference in Birmingham Medical School, England. Validated stigma scales measuring knowledge, attitudes and behavior were administered on participants before and immediately after exposure to the programme. Participants were also asked to respond to statements, the items of which were on a 5-point Likert scale, about the role that Islam plays in Muslim mental health, stigma as a barrier for Muslims with mental health problems to accessing and using mental health services and if they felt inspired to challenge stigma. Results: 50/250 (20%) of participants completed the study. There were statistically significant improvements in the \u27Reported and Intended Behavior\u27 score (p=0.0036), the \u27Inspired to Take Action\u27 Score (p=0.0202) and the \u27Incorporating Islamic Principles into Mental Health Treatment for Muslims is Beneficial\u27 score (p=0.0187). Discussion: The findings of our study suggest that a \u27bespoke\u27 Muslim mental health conference comprised of talks delivered by experts in Islam and mental health and a Muslim who has first-hand experience of psychological distress might be effective at reducing mental health stigma in the Muslim community. Our results should help to inform the design, development and delivery of future Muslim mental health conferences however more robust research in this area is needed

CONCOMITANT GASTRIC AND LUNG UPTAKE OF TC-99M MDP ON BONE SCAN IN A PATIENT WITH DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA

Extra osseous uptake of Tc-99m Methylene Di Phosphonate (MDP) is not an uncommon finding on skeletal scintigraphy. However, concomitant lung and gastric uptake is a rare presentation. We presented a case report of a young male whose bone scan revealed lung and stomach uptake with a cold lesion over T7 vertebra. CT guided biopsy revealed diffuse large B-cell Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Lung and gastric uptake of Tc-99m MDP on bone scan guides the reporting physician about the soft tissue calcinosis due to hypercalcemia associated with either malignant or non-malignant conditions

Diagnostic Accuracy of 3d Scan and Plain Radiograph in Diagnosis of Midface Fractures

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of plain radiographs and 3D scan in diagnosis of mid face fractures by taking surgery findings as a gold standard. STUDY DESIGN: Cross Sectional Study SETTING: study was carried out at  Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan. DURATION: Study was completed in 6 months from May, 2017 to  November 2017in Nishtar . Methodology: 181 Patients were included  from Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan after taking informed consent and permission from ethical committee and research department. Demographic information of patients (name, age, gender, duration of  Fracture had taken. Patients from both gender with age range of 18-35 years having Maxillofacial trauma < 10 days were included in this study and patients in which CT scan was contraindicated and those taken any surgical treatment for facial trauma were excluded in this study. Radiographic examination for the cranio-facial complex had performed for all patients followed by routinely and according to the needs of each  individual case. RESULTS: From 181 patients, the minimum age was 18 years and maximum age was 35 years. According to plain radiographs, fracture was detected in  88.4% patients. By using 3D scan, fracture was detected in 96.7% patients. Sensitivity of 3D scan for detection of fracture was calculated as 98.13%, specificity was 14.28%, positive predicted value was 89.71%, negative predicted value was 50% and diagnostic accuracy was 88.39%. CONCLUSION: Among 181 patients, fracture was detected in 88.4% patients by using plain radiographs. By using 3D scan, fracture was detected in 96.7% patients. Sensitivity of 3D scan for detection of fracture was calculated as 98.13%, specificity was 14.28%, positive predicted value was 89.71%, and diagnostic accuracy was 88.39%. Keywords: 3D scan, plain radiographs, mid face fractures DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/60-01 Publication date:October 31st 2019

Sanitation, water, energy use, and traffic volume affect environmental quality: Go-for-green developmental policies

Carbon emissions are primarily the result of human activity in urban areas. Inadequate sanitary facilities, contaminated drinking water, nonrenewable energy, and high traffic congestion have all impacted the natural ecosystem. Using data from 1975 to 2019, the study assessed the impact of the aforementioned variables on Pakistan’s carbon emissions in light of this crucial fact. The ARDL cointegration method was used to estimate the short- and long-run parameter estimates. Urban sanitation challenges and energy consumption increase carbon emissions, which affects the natural environment by raising a country’s carbon intensity. Economic expansion confirmed the inverted U-shaped relationship between carbon emissions and economic growth to verify the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in the long run. In contrast, the monotonically rising function of carbon emissions provides evidence of the nation’s economic development in the short run. Access to clean drinking water improves population health and encourages the purchase of eco-friendly products. The government must improve sanitation services and use renewable energy sources to enhance air quality. © 2022 Khalil et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript