236 research outputs found
Island model with genetic algorithm for solution of crystal structure from X-ray powder diffraction data
In this paper, we consider the problem of the study of polycrystalline substances: restoration of a substance atomic structure by full-profile analysis of powder diffraction data. This task is specific since it is not necessary to find very good solutions on average, but it is necessary to find the best one at least sometimes. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use an evolutionary algorithm based on the cooperative island model. The article describes the main stages and features of the algorithm and notes the qualitative advantages of this model in comparison with other methods (including evolutionary). The description of innovations proposed and the results of computational experiments are given. Conclusions from the experimental results are given, and further prospects for improving the efficiency of this method were noted
ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ
Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡ ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π°ΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΠ΅Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ±Π°
Phosphorus and Calcium
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142245/1/ncp0021.pd
Ghrelin Treatment of Cachectic Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary cachexia is common in advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), culminating in exercise intolerance and a poor prognosis. Ghrelin is a novel growth hormone (GH)-releasing peptide with GH-independent effects. The efficacy and safety of adding ghrelin to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in cachectic COPD patients were investigated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 33 cachectic COPD patients were randomly assigned PR with intravenous ghrelin (2 Β΅g/kg) or placebo twice daily for 3 weeks in hospital. The primary outcomes were changes in 6-min walk distance (6-MWD) and the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score. Secondary outcomes included changes in the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, and respiratory muscle strength. At pre-treatment, serum GH levels were increased from baseline levels by a single dose of ghrelin (mean change, +46.5 ng/ml; between-group p<0.0001), the effect of which continued during the 3-week treatment. In the ghrelin group, the mean change from pre-treatment in 6-MWD was improved at Week 3 (+40 m, within-group pβ=β0.033) and was maintained at Week 7 (+47 m, within-group pβ=β0.017), although the difference between ghrelin and placebo was not significant. At Week 7, the mean changes in SGRQ symptoms (between-group pβ=β0.026), in MRC (between-group pβ=β0.030), and in maximal expiratory pressure (MEP; between-group pβ=β0.015) were better in the ghrelin group than in the placebo group. Additionally, repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated significant time course effects of ghrelin versus placebo in SGRQ symptoms (pβ=β0.049) and MEP (pβ=β0.021). Ghrelin treatment was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: In cachectic COPD patients, with the safety profile, ghrelin administration provided improvements in symptoms and respiratory strength, despite the lack of a significant between-group difference in 6-MWD. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN Clinical Trial Registry C000000061
The efficacy and safety of prokinetic agents in critically ill patients receiving enteral nutrition: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.
BACKGROUND: Intolerance to enteral nutrition is common in critically ill adults, and may result in significant morbidity including ileus, abdominal distension, vomiting and potential aspiration events. Prokinetic agents are prescribed to improve gastric emptying. However, the efficacy and safety of these agents in critically ill patients is not well-defined. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the efficacy and safety of prokinetic agents in critically ill patients. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from inception up to January 2016. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of critically ill adults assigned to receive a prokinetic agent or placebo, and that reported relevant clinical outcomes. Two independent reviewers screened potentially eligible articles, selected eligible studies, and abstracted pertinent data. We calculated pooled relative risk (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and mean difference for continuous outcomes, with the corresponding 95Β % confidence interval (CI). We assessed risk of bias using Cochrane risk of bias tool, and the quality of evidence using grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) methodology. RESULTS: Thirteen RCTs (enrolling 1341 patients) met our inclusion criteria. Prokinetic agents significantly reduced feeding intolerance (RR 0.73, 95Β % CI 0.55, 0.97; Pβ=β0.03; moderate certainty), which translated to 17.3Β % (95Β % CI 5, 26.8Β %) absolute reduction in feeding intolerance. Prokinetics also reduced the risk of developing high gastric residual volumes (RR 0.69; 95Β % CI 0.52, 0.91; Pβ=β0.009; moderate quality) and increased the success of post-pyloric feeding tube placement (RR 1.60, 95Β % CI 1.17, 2.21; Pβ=β0.004; moderate quality). There was no significant improvement in the risk of vomiting, diarrhea, intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay or mortality. Prokinetic agents also did not significantly increase the rate of diarrhea. CONCLUSION: There is moderate-quality evidence that prokinetic agents reduce feeding intolerance in critically ill patients compared to placebo or no intervention. However, the impact on other clinical outcomes such as pneumonia, mortality, and ICU length of stay is unclear
Island model with genetic algorithm for solution of crystal structure from X-ray powder diffraction data
In this paper, we consider the problem of the study of polycrystalline substances:
restoration of a substance atomic structure by full-profile analysis of powder diffraction data.
This task is specific since it is not necessary to find very good solutions on average, but it is
necessary to find the best one at least sometimes. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use an
evolutionary algorithm based on the cooperative island model. The article describes the main
stages and features of the algorithm and notes the qualitative advantages of this model in
comparison with other methods (including evolutionary). The description of innovations
proposed and the results of computational experiments are given. Conclusions from the
experimental results are given, and further prospects for improving the efficiency of this method
were noted
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