48 research outputs found
The effect of spruce plantation density on resilience of mixed forests in the Perm Krai
Over the course of the last few decades, many countries across the globe have experienced mass desiccation of spruce plantations. The subject of our research was the spruce forests of the Russian Perm Krai's mixed forest zone. Spruce is a shade-tolerant tree species and low plantation density may adversely affect the spruce health. The aim of this research is to establish how influential the spruce stand density is on causing desiccation in mixed zones in the Perm Krai. The results of an on-site survey which had recorded spruce desiccation in 2017 were analysed. Within the boundaries of the aforementioned forest areas, 2017 saw the desiccation of spruce trees in 301 forest allotments covering an area of 5,343.7 ha. The value of the weighted average category of spruce forest health in Prikamye varies from 2.7 (severely weakened) to 4.2 (desiccating), and the percentage of the volume of spruce deadwood varies from 17% to 59.5%. When the spruce stand density rises from 0.4 to 0.8, spruce stand resilience to desiccation increases
Evaluation of artificial reforestation efforts in the ribbon forest zone of Altai Krai
The ribbon forest zone of Altai Krai is located in the Kulunda Steppe and on the Priobskoye Plateau. The climate of this region is characterized by extreme aridity. Due to the harsh climate and the importance of the ribbon forests for the environmental sustainability of the region, artificial reforestation is an integral part of the regional forest management. Forest stands of artificial origin currently occupy a large area within the ribbon forest zone, as evidenced by forest inventory data. However, due to the fact that surveys are not conducted simultaneously on the whole territory of Altai Krai, and that they miss some of the forest management units, forest inventory data do not provide an up-to-date assessment of artificial reforestation efforts. Our project attempted to update the existing data of forest resource assessments and evaluate the results of artificial reforestation efforts in the ribbon forest zone of Altai Krai. This article presents data on the distribution of the artificially reforested area by predominant species and type of growing conditions, and the distribution of the growing stock of the artificially established stands by age and type of forest growing conditions. Β© 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights reserved
The Effects of Different Intensity of Thinning on the Development in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Stands in Kazakh Uplands
The search for more accurate methods of predicting the growth and development of forest stands became the most urgent task set for foresters of Kazakhstan to determine the permissible interventions in the natural course of the life of plantings, provide high durability and resilience in forests. The aim of the study was to identify the effects of diameter and density of Scots pine stands of Kazakh Uplands on their growth and productivity and the related productivity of single plantation stands taking into account the conditions of growth and development of internal factors as well as further study of the methodology for assessing the forestry cost-effectiveness and improvement thinning. To achieve this aim, effects of varied felling intensities on Scots pine stands were studied. The most common two forest types in upland Scots pine forests were chosen as permanent sample plots; the dead pine-lichen and moss pine-grass. The results showed that improvement thinning of moderate and severe intensity which are more profitable should be done in Scots pine forests of Kazakh Upland as well as carrying out such thinning increases the yield of the larger logs and increases the value of the left stand
ΠΠΏΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ (Π inus sylvestris l.) Π½Π° Π£ΡΠ°Π»Π΅)
ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ². Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ, Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅
Experiences on Establishment of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Plantation in Ash Dump Sites of Reftinskaya Power Plant, Russia
Since the middle of the last century in the Urals of Russia there has been a problem of environmental pollution by man-made emissions. The purpose of this investigation has been to summarize the recultivation experience of Reftinskaya power plant ash dump. The station was put into operation in 1970 and it is the largest one in Russia. Specific feature of the used coal is high content of ash (47%). Daily consumption of coal in winter period constitutes 48 thousand tons. Yearly emissions of the station constitute 400 thousand tons. The main components of the emissions are sulphureous anhydride (up to 40%) solid stuff (up to 50%) and nitric oxides. The Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plantations on ash dumps have shown good adaptation and growth. The plantations have formed 143 m(3)/ha total volume at the age of 20 in 1st site index of the recultivation site of the ash dump with ash layer up to 7 m. Weakly alkaline reaction of the ash spread by wind promoted soil dioxidation that results in soil fertility increasing significantly on territory of adjacent stands. Recultivation process includes two main stages which are ash dump surface covering with 25-40 cm soil layer, planting with 2-year old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedling
Comparative productivity of artificial and natural forest stands in the belt pine forests of Altay
Using the indicator of the initial density G:H, tables of the growth course of natural and artificial self-tinning pine stands growing in conditions such as dry pine forest of gentle hills type were compiled. It was found that the productivity of self-thinning artificial stands is higher than natural ones only up to III-IV age classes, after which their productivity is equal or less than the productivity on natural stands. The most productive artificial stands are those with average density, however, the largest average diameter is possessed by rare tree stands. In the artificial pine forests in the belt pine stands of the Altai Territory, it is necessary to carry out thinning in a timely manner by using a grass-root method. This will get rid of oppressed trees and increase the growth of trees in diameter, that in turn will increase the yield of commercial timber at the ripeness age. Β© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
Influence of summer temperatures on basic economic and tourism indicators of the middle mediterranean
The Middle Mediterranean is characterized by long, hot, and dry summers, significant historical and cultural values, and the warm Mediterranean sea, making it attractive for coastal tourism. Given these characteristics, the goal of our paper is to analyze the influence of summer temperatures in the region of the Middle Mediterranean on the values of underlying economic and tourism indicators. The method of simple linear correlation and regression was used. Based on the results of testing, we came to the conclusion that the temperatures in the summer months have no significant influence on selected economic and tourism indicators. Also, we conclude that social factors have the greatest influence on these indicators. The coefficients of variation are calculated in the observed period to analyze the variability of the tested values. It could not be identified a statistically significant relationship of indicators with summer temperatures
Influence of Improvement Cutting on Decorativeness and Vitality of Maple (Acer negundo L.), Elm (Ulmus pumila L.), Willow (Salix alba L.) and Loch Narrow-Leaved (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) Young Trees under Dry Steppe Conditions
The creation of artificial plantings in the conditions of the kovylno-Tipchak steppe makes it possible to form long-lasting high-density and productive plantings, however, despite the accumulated knowledge, the rate of afforestation of the steppe is hindered by the fleeting or delayed death of plantings due to the effects of droughts. Fast-growing young trees become especially vulnerable in areas with deep groundwaters. The study was conducted in green zone of Astana, the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The main value of the forests of the region lies in the creation of environmentally favorable environmental conditions, their performance of recreational, aesthetic, soil protection, erosion control, water protection, climate control and water regulation functions. Work on the study of the impact of improvement cutting on plantings of various formations in the green zone of the city of Nursultan has not been carried out before, which determines the scientific novelty of the project. Β© 2023 European Journal of Forest Engineering. All rights reserved
Increasing the efficiency of former agricultural land using
Research an attempt was made to develop a system of economic measures aimed at minimizing damage from a reduction in the area of agricultural land. Lands excluded from agricultural use are divided into 2 groups. The first group includes areas overgrown with woody vegetation. Here it is planned to conduct forestry aimed at growing highly productive sustainable plantings for targeted purposes. The second group consisted of areas where undergrowth taxation indicators do not allow them to be transferred to lands covered with forest vegetation, it is planned to conduct farming taking into account effective soil fertility. It the potential soil fertility does not provide the yield of grain crops equal to the average for the region over the past 3-5 years, this site is recommended to be used to create forest plantations from fast-growing species. In particular, from Larix Sukaczewii Dyl. which at the age of 60 provides a stock of stem wood up to 740 m3/ha. Plots with soil fertility that allows to grow grain crops equal to and above the average for the region for the last 3-5 years are subjected to cleaning of woody vegetation and involvement in agricultural turnover. Β© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd
Historical Avenues of Research in Russian Forest Typology: Ecological, Phytocoenotic, Genetic, and Dynamic Classifications
The Russian Federation is one of many countries that have signed the Montreal Protocol and Pan-European Forest Process. These initiatives are aimed at harmonizing national forest inventory systems with criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management. In Russia, the classification of forest type is at the heart of national forest inventory systems. For various historical reasons, Russian scientific advancements in the field of forest typology remain little known in the rest of the world. This paper is aimed at addressing this deficiency. Here, we provide an overview of the main trends in the field of forest typology studies in the previous political states of the Russian Empire, the Soviet Union, and the Russian Federation from the end of the nineteenth century to the beginning of the twenty-first century. We detail the principles that formed the basis of the most significant forest type classifications. We also perform similarity and differences analyses comparing approaches used by members of different scientific schools in the field of forest typology. The historical relationship between ecological, phytocoenotic, genetic, and dynamic forest type classifications are discussed as well as the reasons for the prevalence of certain forest type classifications in different regions of Russia. Β© 2017, Canadian Science Publishing. All rights reserved.This work was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project No. 15-04-05857A) and the Ministry of Education and Science (project Nos. 2001 and 37.8872.2017/BCH)