Electron-electron interaction at decreasing kFlk_Fl

The contribution of the electron-electron interaction to conductivity is analyzed step by step in gated GaAs/InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures with different starting disorder. We demonstrate that the diffusion theory works down to $k_F l\simeq 1.5-2$, where $k_F$ is the Fermi quasimomentum, $l$ is the mean free paths. It is shown that the e-e interaction gives smaller contribution to the conductivity than the interference independent of the starting disorder and its role rapidly decreases with $k_Fl$ decrease.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

Record size landing of blackbanded trevally Seriolina nigrofasciata at Veraval

On the 4th of January 2008, two giant sized female blackbanded trevally Seriolina nigrofasciata Ruppell caught by hooks and line were landed at Bhidiya, Veraval (Fig. 1). This is the first report on the landing of black banded trevally at Veraval. The hooks hook no. 6) were suspended at a depth of 80 - 90 m from the trawler having overall length of 14 m and powered with 105 HP engine

Immunologic Response to Antiretroviral Therapy in Hepatitis C Virus-Coinfected Adults in a Population-Based HIV/AIDS Treatment Program

BackgroundWe sought to characterize the impact that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has on CD4 cells during the first 48 weeks of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in previously ART-naive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients MethodsThe HIV/AIDS Drug Treatment Programme at the British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS distributes all ART in this Canadian province. Eligible individuals were those whose first-ever ART included 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and either a protease inhibitor or a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and who had a documented positive result for HCV antibody testing. Outcomes were binary events (time to an increase of ⩾75 CD4 cells/mm3 or an increase of ⩾10% in the percentage of CD4 cells in the total T cell population [CD4 cell fraction]) and continuous repeated measures. Statistical analyses used parametric and nonparametric methods, including multivariate mixed-effects linear regression analysis and Cox proportional hazards analysis ResultsOf 1186 eligible patients, 606 (51%) were positive and 580 (49%) were negative for HCV antibodies. HCV antibody-positive patients were slower to have an absolute (P<.001) and a fraction (P=.02) CD4 cell event. In adjusted Cox proportional hazards analysis (controlling for age, sex, baseline absolute CD4 cell count, baseline pVL, type of ART initiated, AIDS diagnosis at baseline, adherence to ART regimen, and number of CD4 cell measurements), HCV antibody-positive patients were less likely to have an absolute CD4 cell event (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.84 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.72-0.98]) and somewhat less likely to have a CD4 cell fraction event (AHR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.70-1.14]) than HCV antibody-negative patients. In multivariate mixed-effects linear regression analysis, HCV antibody-negative patients had increases of an average of 75 cells in the absolute CD4 cell count and 4.4% in the CD4 cell fraction, compared with 20 cells and 1.1% in HCV antibody-positive patients, during the first 48 weeks of ART, after adjustment for time-updated pVL, number of CD4 cell measurements, and other factors ConclusionHCV antibody-positive HIV-infected patients may have an altered immunologic response to AR

Flourishing trade of air bladders at Okha, Gujarat

The swim bladders of eels (Muraenesox talabonoides Bleeker), ghol (Protonibea diacanthus Lacepede) and koth (Otolithoides biauritus Cantor) are of best quality and fetch very high market price owing to the huge export demand. Fish air bladder is mainly used for making isinglass. Considerable quantity of eel, ghol and koth are landed at Okha by trawlers operating on the rocky bottom (18 m depth) off Jakhau. Around 500 trawlers having an overall length of 40 to 45 ft, powered with 80 - 105 HP engines are actively engaged in the fishing of eel, ghol and koth. The fishing trip lasts for 7 - 10 days with 4 - 6 hauls of 3 h duration per day depending on whether they fish during only day or both day and night. The trawlers carry on an average 10 to 12 nets having length of 35 - 40 m with cod end mesh size varying between 8 and 15 mm

Bumper catch of spiny lobsters by trawlers and gill netters at Okha, Gujarat

During the post-monsoon months of September and October in 2007, an estimated 900 t of spiny lobsters Panulirus polyphagus worth of Rs. 67 crores was landed by trawlers and gill netters at Okha and Rupenbander

Fishery and stock estimates of the silver pomfret, Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen), landed by gill netters at Veraval

The fishery and population characteristics of silver pomfret Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen) caught by gillnetters off Veraval were studied for the period from 2003 to 2007. The average annual landing of P. argenteus was 114.5 t, which contributed 4.5% to the total gill net catches. The period from July to September was the most productive in terms of catch and catch rate. The length–weight relationship showed that the growth was isometric. The sex ratio was 1.75 in favour of females. Mature females occurred throughout the year, with maximum during June – November. The length at first maturity of female was 27.5 cm. The von Bertalanffy growth equation was: Lt = 41.57 [1 – e - 0.64 (t + 0.0315)]. The length at first capture (Lc) was 8.2 cm with recruitment taking place throughout the year with two peaks during February-March and in August. The natural mortality (M), fishing mortality (F) and total mortality (Z) were 1.20, 2.11 and 3.31 respectively. The exploitation ratio (E) was 0.64. The Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY: 90 t) was lower than the average annual catch indicating over-exploitation of the species. The yield per recruit (Y/R) and biomass per recruit (B/R) was 38.31 g and 18.16 g respectively. An increase in relative yield by 17.18% would be obtained by decreasing the present level of fishing by 60%

In-plane Magnetoconductivity of Si-MOSFET's: A Quantitative Comparison between Theory and Experiment

For densities above $n=1.6 \times 10^{11}$ cm$^{-2}$ in the strongly interacting system of electrons in two-dimensional silicon inversion layers, excellent agreement between experiment and the theory of Zala, Narozhny and Aleiner is obtained for the response of the conductivity to a magnetic field applied parallel to the plane of the electrons. However, the Fermi liquid parameter $F_0^\sigma(n)$ and the valley splitting $\Delta_V(n)$ obtained from fits to the magnetoconductivity, although providing qualitatively correct behavior (including sign), do not yield quantitative agreement with the temperature dependence of the conductivity in zero magnetic field. Our results suggest the existence of additional scattering processes not included in the theory in its present form

Effect of atenolol on hemoglobin level in mild to moderate hypertension

Background: Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease and a major cardiovascular risk factor that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Most common type is primary (essential) hypertension and is genetically determined. It affects many systems of the body and can also alter various hematological parameters. The study was undertaken to check the effect of atenolol on hemoglobin (Hb) level in mild to moderate hypertension.Methods: The study was prospective and non-randomized. Thirty newly diagnosed hypertensives selected for atenolol therapy by medicine personnel were enrolled in the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were divided into pre-treatment (before starting atenolol therapy) and post-treatment group. Red blood cell (RBC) count, Hb, packed cell volume (PCV) and red cell indices were measured at the time of enrolment and then monthly after starting atenolol for next 3 months.Result: Results were analyzed by repeated measure analysis of variance. Atenolol treatment was found to increase Hb and PCV significantly, whereas no significant change in RBC count and red cell indices.Conclusions: Treatment with atenolol for mild to moderate hypertension has shown a significant increase in Hb and PCV level. This positive effect may be because of the decrease in sodium and water reabsorption by decrease in sympathetic overactivity and excretion of sodium and water by improvement in kidney functions. Atenolol has no any direct effect on Hb synthesis and erythropoiesis

Flow diagram of the metal-insulator transition in two dimensions

The discovery of the metal-insulator transition (MIT) in two-dimensional (2D) electron systems challenged the veracity of one of the most influential conjectures in the physics of disordered electrons, which states that `in two dimensions, there is no true metallic behaviour'; no matter how weak the disorder, electrons would be trapped and unable to conduct a current. However, that theory did not account for interactions between the electrons. Here we investigate the interplay between the electron-electron interactions and disorder near the MIT using simultaneous measurements of electrical resistivity and magnetoconductance. We show that both the resistance and interaction amplitude exhibit a fan-like spread as the MIT is crossed. From these data we construct a resistance-interaction flow diagram of the MIT that clearly reveals a quantum critical point, as predicted by the two-parameter scaling theory (Punnoose and Finkel'stein, Science 310, 289 (2005)). The metallic side of this diagram is accurately described by the renormalization group theory without any fitting parameters. In particular, the metallic temperature dependence of the resistance sets in when the interaction amplitude reaches gamma_2 = 0.45 - a value in remarkable agreement with the one predicted by the theory.Comment: as publishe

Linear in-plane magnetoconductance and spin susceptibility of a 2D electron gas on a vicinal silicon surface

In this work we have studied the parallel magnetoresistance of a 2DEG near a vicinal silicon surface. An unusual, linear magnetoconductance is observed in the fields up to $B = 15$ T, which we explain by the effect of spin olarization on impurity scattering. This linear magnetoresistance shows strong anomalies near the boundaries of the minigap in the electron spectrum of the vicinal system.Comment: (accepted to Phys. Rev. B