Thermal kaons production in the relativistic heavy ions collision

We study the thermal production of kaons in hot and dense symmetric and asymmetric hypernuclear matter in the context of the modified quark-meson coupling model. All the baryon species and kaons are treated as MIT bags that interact with each other via the scalar mesons $\sigma,\sigma^*$ and the vector mesons $\omega,\phi$ as well as the isovector meson $\rho$. Furthermore, in our calculations, we use realistic sets of hyperon-hyperon (or $YY$) interactions based on several versions of Nijmegen core potential models. We consider a system of strange hadronic matter and kaons but with zero total net strangeness of the system and conserved small negative fraction of the isospin-charge. We find strange baryons as well as kaons are produced abundantly when the temperature increases and approaches the critical temperature for the phase transition to the quark-gluon plasma. Our results show that the kaons are produced only thermally in the symmetric and asymmetric hypernuclear matter and there is no signature for the onset of kaon condensation in the relativistic heavy ions collision. The kaons appear in the system only by thermal production. However, when the system cools down strange hadrons could survive.Comment: 40 pages, 21 figure

Practicing equitable principles in cancer clinical research:Has the EU got it right?

Clinical trials are a fundamental part of cancer research as they establish the efficacy and safety of new cancer treatments for everyone. The lack of sociodemographic diversity among cancer clinical trial participants leaves a vacuum in scientific knowledge, which can distort credible evidence from being accessible and represents a major barrier to advancing cancer care for the entire patient population. It can also cause avoidable harm to the public, undermine patients trust and result in wasteful allocation of healthcare resources. It is therefore imperative that there is representation of all population groups who may use these new cancer treatments in clinical trial settings. Europeans are disproportionately affected by cancer with cancer mortality rates being substantially affected by inequities in socioeconomic education status. General and political recognition of cancer injustices in the EU have further increased given the contemptuously unequal impacts of the legal and policy responses to it. While innovative advances in cancer research have bridged much of these critical gaps particularly in the last few decades more work needs to be done to circumvent implications of cancer health disparities. To reduce cancer health disparities, systemic and individual-level barriers to cancer clinical trial participation must be addressed through effective and ethically rigorous EU health laws and policies

Properties of dense strange hadronic matter with quark degrees of freedom

The properties of strange hadronic matter are studied in the context of the modified quark-meson coupling model using two substantially di erent sets of hyperon-hyperon (Y Y ) interactions. The first set is based on the Nijmegen hard core potential model D with slightly attractive Y Y interactions. The second potential set is based on the recent SU(3) extension of the Nijmegen soft-core potential NSC97 with strongly attractive Y Y interactions which may allow for deeply bound hypernuclear matter. The results show that, for the first potential set, the hyperon does not appear at all in the bulk at any baryon density and for all strangeness fractions. The binding energy curves of the resulting N system vary smoothly with density and the system is stable (or metastable if we include the weak force). However, the situation is drastically changed when using the second set where the hyperons appear in the system at large baryon densities above a critical strangeness fraction. We find strange hadronic matter undergoes a first order phase transition from a N system to a N for strangeness fractions fS > 1.2 and baryonic densities exceeding twice ordinary nuclear matter density. Furthermore, it is found that the system built of N is deeply bound. This phase transition a ects significantly the equation of state which becomes much softer and a substantial drop in energy density and pressure are detected as the phase transition takes place. PACS:21.65.+f, 24.85.+p, 12.39B

Properties of Dense Strange Hadronic Matter with Quark Degrees of Freedom

The properties of strange hadronic matter are studied in the context of the modified quark-meson coupling model using two substantially different sets of hyperon-hyperon ($YY$) interactions. The first set is based on the Nijmegen hard core potential model D with slightly attractive $YY$ interactions. The second potential set is based on the recent SU(3) extension of the Nijmegen soft-core potential NSC97 with strongly attractive $YY$ interactions which may allow for deeply bound hypernuclear matter. The results show that, for the first potential set, the $\Sigma$ hyperon does not appear at all in the bulk at any baryon density and for all strangeness fractions. The binding energy curves of the resulting $N\Lambda\Xi$ system vary smoothly with density and the system is stable (or metastable if we include the weak force). However, the situation is drastically changed when using the second set where the $\Sigma$ hyperons appear in the system at large baryon densities above a critical strangeness fraction. We find strange hadronic matter undergoes a first order phase transition from a $N\Lambda\Xi$ system to a $N\Sigma\Xi$ for strangeness fractions $f_S>1.2$ and baryonic densities exceeding twice ordinary nuclear matter density. Furthermore, it is found that the system built of $N\Sigma\Xi$ is deeply bound. This phase transition affects significantly the equation of state which becomes much softer and a substantial drop in energy density and pressure are detected as the phase transition takes place.Comment: 25 pages latex and 12 figures in postscript forma