Kekonvergenan Barisan Fungsi Terintegral Henstock-dunford Pada [A,b]

Artikel ini membahas tentang kekonvergenan barisan fungsi yang terintegral Henstock-Dunford pada [a,b]. Dalam hal ini dikaji syarat cukup agar limit barisan nilai integral suatu fungsi terintegral Henstock-Dunford sama dengan limit barisan fungsinya. Diperoleh bahwa untuk menjamin fungsi terintegral Henstock-Dunford dan limit barisannya sama dengan nilai fungsinya maka barisan fungsi yang terintegral Henstock-Dunford harus konvergen seragam atau barisan fungsi yang terintegral Henstock-Dunford harus konvergen lemah dan monoton lemah serta limitnya ada, atau barisan fungsinya konvergen lemah dan terbatas

Calcium Levels in Ruffle-Ended and Smooth-Ended Maturation Ameloblasts

Scanning electron microscopy was used to distinguish the topographical characteristics of two maturation ameloblast types in freeze-dried blocks of enamel organ tissue. This distinction was based primarily upon the configuration of the distal ends of the ameloblasts and the presence or absence of wide intercellular spaces. Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry was applied to compare calcium levels in various regions of tissue identified as constituting either ruffle-ended or smooth ended ameloblasts. Greater levels of calcium were found in the distal ends of the ruffle-ended cells than in their proximal ends. In addition, greater calcium levels were found in the distal ends of the ruffle-ended cells than the distal ends of the smooth-ended cells. The higher calcium levels in ruffle-ended cells correlates with the view that these cells are actively involved in control of movement of calcium to the enamel front

Secretory Ameloblasts and Calcium Distribution During Normal and Experimentally Altered Mineralization

The distribution of calcium in relation to secretory ameloblasts of the rat incisor was studied. An experimental model system in which enamel mineralization was temporarily inhibited by injecting sodium fluoride and cobalt chloride was used. Potassium pyroantimonate (PPA) cytochemistry, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) were used to clarify the role of the ameloblast in controlling calcium distribution during normal and experimentally altered enamel mineralization. Secretory ameloblasts chemically-preserved in glutaraldehyde either with or without PPA were analyzed for calcium; those preserved with PPA showed higher concentrations of calcium than did those preserved with glutaraldehyde only. Freeze-dried control and experimental tissues showed an increasing gradient of calcium from stratum intermedium cells to the distal ends of the ameloblasts. Calcium levels were reduced near the distal ends of the cells following fluoride and cobalt injections, while magnesium levels were increased markedly in the same region. This multi-method approach showed correlated calcium localization in specific regions of this cell in relation to changes in function. The study thus provides additional evidence for active involvement of the ameloblasts in enamel mineralization

Effect of Fluoride and Cobalt on Forming Enamel: Scanning Electron Microscope and X-Ray Microanalysis Study

The forming surfaces of enamel of rat incisors were examined by scanning electron microscope one hour after injection of either 5 mg/100 g body weight of sodium fluoride or 12 mg/100 g body weight of cobalt chloride. The cell debris from the surfaces of the separated incisors was either gently wiped off with soft facial tissues or chemically removed by treating with NaOH, NaOCl or trypsin. Best results to remove cell debris were obtained from 0.25% trypsin treatment. SEM studies revealed that the surface of the normal secretory enamel was characteristic in appearance with well-developed smooth prism outlines. In fluoride specimens the prism outlines were feathery in appearance, laced with protruding spine-shaped clusters of mineral crystals. In the case of cobalt treatment, prism outlines were less uniform and in some areas they were incomplete. The calcium concentration of surface enamel was significantly lower in the cobalt-treated specimens than those from control and fluoride-treated animals. The Ca:Mg ratio was also lower in cobalt-treated specimens as compared to control and fluoride-treated ones

SYNTHESIS, ANTICANCER EVALUATION AND MOLECULAR MODELING OF SOME SUBSTITUTED THIAZOLIDINONYL AND THIAZOLYL PYRAZOLE DERIVATIVES

Objective: The present work aimed to synthesize some new substituted thiazoles incorporated to pyrazole moiety starting from 1-(3-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxaldehyde (1) in order to evaluate their anticancer activity and GSTP1 inhibition in a trail to explore new potential GST inhibitors and prevent the resistance of cells to anticancer drugs. In addition, investigate the probability of the most promising cytotoxic compounds to inhibit GSTP1 enzyme via molecular docking study.Methods: The carboxaldehyde 1 was treated with substituted thiosemicarbazide in absolute ethanol to give the corresponding thiosemicarbazone derivatives 2a–d. Cyclization of 2a-d either by ethyl bromoacetate, phenacyl bromide or maleic acid anhydride furnished new thiazole derivatives 3, 4 and 5, respectively. These target compound 2-5 were screened for their GSTP1 inhibition and cytotoxic activity against HEPG-2 (human liver carcinoma), A549 (human lung carcinoma) and PC3 (human prostate carcinoma). Finally, molecular docking study of the most promising cytotoxic compounds against GSTP1 (PDB ID: 3GUS) is discussed.Results: Compounds 4a, 4b, and 4d were found to be highly active against HEPG-2 and PC-3 cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 0.2±0.81 to 9.3±2.08 μM compared to doxorubicin with IC50= 37.8±1.50 and 41.1±2.01 μM, respectively. Screening of 4a, 4b and 4d against GSTP1 showed higher inhibition activity with IC50 ranging from 1.5±0.18 to 4.3±0.29 μM. Docking studies revealed the promising binding affinities of the latter compounds which match with the binding mode of the ligand, NBDHEX toward the active site of GSTP1.Conclusion: Compounds 4a, 4b and 4d were distinguished by the higher anticancer activity against HEPG-2, A-549 and PC-3 cell lines of tumor and the remarkable inhibitory activity against GSTP1

Fatal encephalitis and myocarditis in young domestic geese (Anser anser domesticus) caused by West Nile virus.

During 1999 and 2000, a disease outbreak of West Nile (WN) virus occurred in humans, horses, and wild and zoological birds in the northeastern USA. In our experiments, WN virus infection of young domestic geese (Anser anser domesticus) caused depression, weight loss, torticollis, opisthotonus, and death with accompanying encephalitis and myocarditis. Based on this experimental study and a field outbreak in Israel, WN virus is a disease threat to young goslings and viremia levels are potentially sufficient to infect mosquitoes and transmit WN virus to other animal species

Polarized Redundant-Baseline Calibration for 21 cm Cosmology Without Adding Spectral Structure

21 cm cosmology is a promising new probe of the evolution of visible matter in our universe, especially during the poorly-constrained Cosmic Dawn and Epoch of Reionization. However, in order to separate the 21 cm signal from bright astrophysical foregrounds, we need an exquisite understanding of our telescopes so as to avoid adding spectral structure to spectrally-smooth foregrounds. One powerful calibration method relies on repeated simultaneous measurements of the same interferometric baseline to solve for the sky signal and for instrumental parameters simultaneously. However, certain degrees of freedom are not constrained by asserting internal consistency between redundant measurements. In this paper, we review the origin of these "degeneracies" of redundant-baseline calibration and demonstrate how they can source unwanted spectral structure in our measurement and show how to eliminate that additional, artificial structure. We also generalize redundant calibration to dual-polarization instruments, derive the degeneracy structure, and explore the unique challenges to calibration and preserving spectral smoothness presented by a polarized measurement.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, updated to match the published MNRAS versio