Pembuatan Silika High Grade dari Fly Ash Sawit dengan Proses Ekstraksi dan Cation Exchange

One alternative raw materials manufacture of high grade silica is using palm oil mill fly ash. This research aimed to study the effect of temperatureprocess, time and the ratio mass of zeolite and obtain optimum conditions cation exchange process (Fe) in a solution of sodium silicate with raw material palm oil mill fly ash. Palm oil mill fly ash is heated using oven at 105° C for 24 hours. Then fly ash reacted with 1,4N NaOH solution at 105° C for 50 minutes. Then obtained sodium silicate solution is reacted with Na-zeolite. The results of the optimization then precipitated using 10% H2SO4 and derived solidsilica. XRF analysis results showed solid silica has a purity of 96.129%

Calcium Levels in Ruffle-Ended and Smooth-Ended Maturation Ameloblasts

Scanning electron microscopy was used to distinguish the topographical characteristics of two maturation ameloblast types in freeze-dried blocks of enamel organ tissue. This distinction was based primarily upon the configuration of the distal ends of the ameloblasts and the presence or absence of wide intercellular spaces. Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry was applied to compare calcium levels in various regions of tissue identified as constituting either ruffle-ended or smooth ended ameloblasts. Greater levels of calcium were found in the distal ends of the ruffle-ended cells than in their proximal ends. In addition, greater calcium levels were found in the distal ends of the ruffle-ended cells than the distal ends of the smooth-ended cells. The higher calcium levels in ruffle-ended cells correlates with the view that these cells are actively involved in control of movement of calcium to the enamel front

Secretory Ameloblasts and Calcium Distribution During Normal and Experimentally Altered Mineralization

The distribution of calcium in relation to secretory ameloblasts of the rat incisor was studied. An experimental model system in which enamel mineralization was temporarily inhibited by injecting sodium fluoride and cobalt chloride was used. Potassium pyroantimonate (PPA) cytochemistry, electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) were used to clarify the role of the ameloblast in controlling calcium distribution during normal and experimentally altered enamel mineralization. Secretory ameloblasts chemically-preserved in glutaraldehyde either with or without PPA were analyzed for calcium; those preserved with PPA showed higher concentrations of calcium than did those preserved with glutaraldehyde only. Freeze-dried control and experimental tissues showed an increasing gradient of calcium from stratum intermedium cells to the distal ends of the ameloblasts. Calcium levels were reduced near the distal ends of the cells following fluoride and cobalt injections, while magnesium levels were increased markedly in the same region. This multi-method approach showed correlated calcium localization in specific regions of this cell in relation to changes in function. The study thus provides additional evidence for active involvement of the ameloblasts in enamel mineralization

High-precision calculations of In I and Sn II atomic properties

We use all-order relativistic many-body perturbation theory to study 5s^2 nl configurations of In I and Sn II. Energies, E1-amplitudes, and hyperfine constants are calculated using all-order method, which accounts for single and double excitations of the Dirac-Fock wave functions.Comment: 10 pages, accepted to PRA; v2: Introduction changed, references adde

Interoperability and Reliability of Multiplatform MPLS VPN: Comparison of Traffic Engineering with RSVP-TE Protocol and LDP Protocol

One of the alternatives to overcome network scalability problem and maintaining reliability is using MPLS VPN network. In reallity, the current network is already using a multiplatform of several different hardware vendors, i.e., Cisco and Juniper platforms. This paper discusses the comparison of the simulation results to see interoperability of multiplatform MPLS VPN andreliability through traffic engineering using RSVP-TE and LDP protocols. Both the RSVP and LDP protocols are tested on a stable network and in a recovery mode,as well as non-load conditions and with additional traffic load. The recovery mode is the condition after the failover due to termination of one of the links in the network. The no-load condition means that the network is not filled with additional traffic. There is only traffic from the measurement activity itself. While network conditions with an additional load are conditions where there is an additional UDP packet traffic load of 4.5 Mbps in addition to the measurement load itself. On a stable network and without additional traffic load, the average delay on LDP protocol is 59.41 ms, 2.06 ms jitter, 0.08% packetloss, and 8.99 Mbps throughput. Meanwhile, on RSVP protocol, the average delay is 52.40 ms, 2.39 ms jitter, 12.18% packet loss, and 7.80 Mbps throughput. When failover occurs and on recovery mode, LDP protocol is48% of packet loss per 100 sent packets while on RSVP packet loss percentage is 35.5% per 100 sent packets. Both protocols have interoperability on the third layer of multiplatform MPLS VPN, but on heavy loaded traffic condition, RSVP protocol has better reliability than the LDP protocol

EXTRACTION, FRACTIONATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COWPEA (VIGNA UNGUICULATA) GLOBULINS

The proteins were extracted from cowpea seeds by buffered saline solution and the globulins were separated by dialyzing the protein extract against distilled water. Fractionation of the total globulins on Sephacryl S-200 column produced two major and one minor components. The molecular weight of the major globulin components were estimated to be greater than 250000 and 178 000 for the globulin component (a) and (b) respectively and the latter component was the predominant globulin. The two major globulin components were free from contamination of other proteins as shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Spectrophotometry and amino acid analyses were used as tools for characterizing the globulin components

Peningkatan Ketebalan Serat Elastin Dinding Vagina Pada Prolapsus Organ Pelvis Anterior

Tujuan: Mengukur ketebalan serat elastin pada dinding vagina penderita POP anterior dan menganalisis korelasi antara ketebalan serat elastin dengan derajat POP anterior.Bahan dan Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observasional secara cross sectional yang dilakukan pada 28 blok paraffin dinding vagina dari penderita POP anterior yang telah dilakukan operasi di RSUD dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok: derajat 0/I, II, III dan IV dengan masing-masing (n=7). Dilakukan pewarnaan imunohistokimia dengan antibodi elastin dilanjutkan pengukuran ketebalan serat elastin menggunakan mikroskop dengan perangkat lunak Leica Application Suite (LAS).Hasil: Didapatkan perbedaan bermakna rerata ketebalan serat elastin kelompok penderita POP anterior derajat 0/I, II, III dan IV yaitu masing-masing sebesar 0,81 + 0,14 µm; 1,63 + 0,19 µm; 2,47 + 0,26µm dan 3,19 + 0,36 µm (p<0,0001). Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik korelasi pearson didapatkan koefisien korelasi r = 0,965 (P<0,0001).Simpulan: Ketebalan serat elastin pada dinding vagina bertambah dengan meningkatnya derajat POP anterior. Peningkatan ketebalan serat elastin merupakan akibat proses remodeling matriks ekstraseluler pada dinding vagina penderita POP anterior

Program Aplikasi Keamanan Citra Dengan Algoritma Des Dan Transformasi Wavelet Diskrit

Application program security image using DES cryptographic algorithm and discrete wavelet transform is an application program that is used to secure image transmission through the Internet. Manufacturing processes are as follows, first is to make the program application for image encryption ciphertext is a program that is used to transform the initial image into the form of a compressed image using advanced discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and the Haar filter, then encrypt image transformation results with using the DES encryption algorithm specified by the encryption key, the encrypted form of information in the form of ciphertext. The second process is the process for making an application program to restore the initial image into the form ciphertext, the ciphertext decrypt the encrypted image and the particular key (the key with encryption) using DES decryption algorithm, the decrypted image, then decrypted form of the image is brought back into form initial image using inverse discrete wavelet transformation (IDWT) and reconstruction program