Influence of doxorubicin inclusion into phospholipid nanoformulation on its antitumor activity in mice: increased efficiency for resistant tumor model

Aim: The new formulation of doxorubicin on the base of phospholipid nanoparticles (particle size <30 nm) is elaborated in the Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (Russian Academy of Medical Sciences) on the base of plant phospholipids. The aim of study is to investigate an antitumor effect of this nanoformulation in mice with two cancer models with various sensitivity to chemotherapy — lymphoid malignancy P-388 and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC). Methods: Nanophospholipid (NPh) formulation of doxorubicin was prepared by homogenization of soybean phosphatidylcholine and doxorubicin hydrochloride. The effect of this formulation was studied in experiments with single or threefold drug administration. Percents of tumor growth inhibition in mice under influence of free or NPh doxorubicin forms were compared. Results: Single administration of both free and NPh doxorubicin in mice with P-388 resulted in the same quick severe inhibition of tumor growth (60–90% depending from dose), with further gradual decrease of inhibition degree. However for more resistant tumor, LLC, the obvious advantage of NPh doxorubicin form was shown. The little effect of free doxorubicin began to reveal only after 11 days, but NPh formulation induced significant inhibition of tumor growth (40%) from the first experimental point (6 days after administration). The advantages of NPh doxorubicin was manifested particularly in low drug doses, 2 and 4 mg/kg. In other experiment design in mice with LLC, with threefold weekly drug administration, NPh doxorubicin appeared to be 2.5 times more active than free drug. The reason of the same actions of free and NPh doxorubicin form in P-388 is suggested the high drug sensitivity of this model, that gives quick high drug response for any doxorubicin form. Conclusion: Doxorubicin in phospholipids nanoformulation revealed higher antitumor efficiency as compared with free doxorubicin in mice with LLC carcinoma. The mechanism of such changes is supposed to be caused by increase of doxorubicin availability for cancer cells

ECHOGRAPHY POTENTIAL IN DIAGNOSTICS OF THE KNEE JOINT IMPAIRMENT IN THE EVENT OF THE JUVENILE ARTHRITIDES

The juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is one of the most widely spread rheumatic diseases among children, which is characterized by the steady progressive run, rapidly leading to the disability. Among numerous JRA manifestations, one of the leading is the joint syndrome with children mostly suffering from the knee joint impairment. With JRA, the initial changes in the joints affect the joint tissues and articular cartilage, while the bone changes evolve at the late stages of the disease. As a result, the echography plays an important role in the early arthritides diagnostics if compared to the x ray study and computerized tomography. To identify the typical features of the knee joint impairment, 97 children with JRA and 16 children with the juvenile spondyl arthritis (JSA) underwent the high pitched linear transducer assisted echography. The overwhelming majority of patients showed the changes in the hyaline cartilage. The hyperechoic enlargements in the depth of the cartilage were typical of JRA, while the cartilage thinning was typical of JSA. About a half of the patients showed the effusion. Over a third of the patients showed the changes in the cortical layer of the articular bone surface.Key words: juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile spondyl arthritis, diagnostics, knee joint echography, children

Вплив комплексу акробатичних елементів на розвиток фізичних якостей дітей дошкільного віку

The directions of the complex acrobatic exercises to enhance physical fitness and functional status of children. The experiment involved boys and girls aged 5 - 7 years of the preparatory group. It is noted that the use of acrobatic elements for the development of motor qualities in children brings a positive result. Found that the use of special acrobatic exercises on physical training promotes full development, allows us to develop a high level of motor skills and physical fitness. Found that the impact on athletic performance, exercise, positive motivation for physical education classes, emotional, diverse playing exercises, exercises to music. There is a significant interest and desire of children to exercise, a high performance in the classroom.Рассмотрены направления применения комплекса акробатических упражнений для повышения физической подготовленности и функционального состояния организма детей. В эксперименте принимали участие девочки и мальчики в возрасте 5 – 7 лет подготовительной группы. Отмечается, что использование акробатических элементов для развития двигательных качеств у детей приносит положительный результат. Выявлено, что использование специальных акробатических упражнений на занятиях по физической культуре способствует всестороннему развитию, позволяет развить высокий уровень двигательных качеств и физической подготовленности. Выяснено, что на спортивный результат влияют физические упражнения, положительная мотивация на физкультурное занятие, эмоциональный настрой, разнообразные игровые упражнения, занятия под музыку. Отмечается значительный интерес и желание детей выполнять физические упражнения, более высокая работоспособность на занятиях.Розглянуто напрями використання комплексу акробатичних вправ для підвищення фізичної підготовленості і функціонального стану організму дітей. У експерименті брали участь дівчатка і хлопчики у віці 5-7 років підготовчої групи. Наголошується, що використання акробатичних елементів для розвитку рухових якостей у дітей приносить позитивний результат. Виявлено, що використання спеціальних акробатичних вправ на заняттях з фізичної культури сприяє всебічному розвитку, дозволяє розвинути високий рівень рухових якостей і фізичної підготовленості. З'ясовано, що на спортивний результат впливають фізичні вправи, позитивна мотивація на фізкультурне заняття, емоційний настрій, різноманітні ігрові вправи, заняття під музику. Наголошується значний інтерес і бажання дітей виконувати фізичні вправи, вища працездатність на заняттях

Imperative and dispositive norms in legal regulation of genetic research in Russia

© 2020, Universidad del Zulia. All rights reserved. The article is devoted to the analysis of diverse utilization varieties of regulatory framework at adjusting genetic techniques and global legal practice research. Internal determinants of the development of national systems and external universal laws of legal transformation influence the evolution of views of the professional community of lawyers in Russia and in foreign countries, regarding the choice of dispositive or mandatory ways of regulating genetic research. The discussion on a number of legal institutions and on the choice of effective methods and forms of legal regulation in the world and Russian legal practice continues

Realization of students' adaptation possibilities at group forms

The degree of influence of purposeful realization of group forms is considered on the correction of adaptation possibilities on employments by a physical culture. In an experiment 326 students of the first course took part with violation of locomotorium. Physical exercises were examined as a health mean. Therefore regular employments were sent to maintenance of high capacity and strengthening of functional possibilities of organism. The indexes of psychomotor and sensory organization of personality must be purposefully formed on group employments on a physical culture already from the first semeste

L-carnitine in complex treatment of neurocirculatory hypotension in children and adolescents

The article describes main etiological and pathogenetic factors of neurocirculatory dystonia (NCD). The most frequent type of NCD is arterial hypotension. Arterial hypotension is main cause of energetic deficiency and, as a result, hypoxemia of tissues. L-carnitine plays significant role in formation of energetic compounds; consequently administration of L-carnitine to children and adolescents with neurocirculatory hypotension is reasonable. Treatment with L-carnitine results in beneficial effect on subjective symptoms of the disease, functional parameters of vegetative nervous system and vagus-dependent electrocardiologic parameters. The results of a work allow optimization of NCD treatment in children and adolescents.Key words: children, adolescents, neurocirculatory dystonia, L-carnitine, treatment

Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Pertussis in Children at Incomplete Vaccination Coverage

Objective: to study the clinical and epidemiological features of pertussis in children at incomplete coverage of the population with routine immunization. Materials and Methods. To achieve this goal, we have evaluated the epidemiological situation of pertussis and studied the features of the clinical course of the disease in 296 children aged from 1 month to 14 years (data from the annual reports for the period of 1987–2012). Additional research methods included: complete blood count, chest X-ray examination, enzyme immunoassay, polymerase chain reaction and bacteriological method. Evaluation of immune status was based on a comprehensive study of indicators of the overall reactive potential of the body by studying the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of hemograms. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis software package Microsoft Excel 2003. Results. In the Donetsk region, as in whole in Ukraine, there was a tendency to reduce the incidence of pertussis (12.4–1.5 per 100 thousand population), with periodic ups and downs every 2–3 years. In 2011, there was another rise in the incidence of pertussis infection: incidence exceeded the previous year level by 3 times and national figure — by 1.5 times (2.9 per 100 thousand population). Increased incidence was observed in every second administrative territory; in some of them it increased by 10–18 times compared to last year. Epidemic worsening was determined on a background of incomplete coverage with routine immunization of the population due to the insufficient supply of vaccines in Donetsk region in the last 3 years — 77 % (2009), 51 % (2010) and 56 % (2011). Age groups which are most at-risk for pertussis, as before, are infants (132.1 per 100 thousand population) who were not subject to vaccination by age or have not received the full course of vaccination, as well as at-risk children aged 5–9 years (46.8 per 100 thousand population), adolescents (1.42 per 100 thousand population). Change in the epidemic situation has had an impact on the nature of the clinical course of pertussis: the number of severe forms increased — unvaccinated children accounted for 84.0 %, and symptomatic forms of the disease were registered (in the foci of infection 85–92 %). Conclusions. Stabilization of the epidemic situation with pertussis has been promoted by a number of preventive measures: a) the development of legislative documents to improve the surveillance system; b) monitoring of changes in serotypes of the pathogen; c) improvement of laboratory diagnosis of diseases by introducing modern methods of research; d) annual sufficient supply of regions with pertussis vaccines in accordance with the requests; e) timely and complete vaccination coverage according to the annual plan of immunization; f) professional training of primary health care practitioners. Prevention of involvement in the epidemic process of young children and schoolchildren is possible by maintaining stable high immunization coverage of children in decreed terms by using an effective vaccine, availability of affordable and informative methods of immunity evaluation, as well as a reliable bacteriological diagnosis of pertussis. Currently, along with increased coverage of routine vaccination, surveillance of this infection is particularly important, which enables to carry out antiepidemic measures in the form of early diagnosis of pertussis in exposed children. In modern conditions, the classic symptoms of the disease still remain in vaccinated and unvaccinated children, but there are differences in the severity of pertussis in children with poor premorbid background. Diagnosis of pertussis, especially among infants, remains a challenge for practical public health

CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGIC GROUNDS FOR LOCAL INTERFERON USE IN ACUTE VIRAL INFECTION TREATMENT

Broad spectrum of antiviral activity of interferons lays grounds to its use in complex therapy of acute viral infections. It has been shown that antiviral and antibacterial interferon activity reveals itself while used both systematically and locally. Clinical efficacy of locally applied viferon is accompanied by nasal mucosa cytokine status changes, as has been shown in nasal swabs. There has been shown dependency of local immune response on the age, severity of the disease, clinical forms of respiratory syndrome, bacterial complications, if present, intensity and characteristics of viral contamination against the background of viferon treatment. Key words: acute respiratory viral disease, interferon, cell immunity, humoral immunity, interferon status, cytokine status, recombinant α-interferon, immunocorrection. (Voprosy sovremennoi pediatrii — Current Pediatrics. — 2011; 10 (5): 117–123.

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ЭХОГРАФИИ В ДИАГНОСТИКЕ ПОРАЖЕНИЯ КОЛЕННЫХ СУСТАВОВ ПРИ ЮВЕНИЛЬНЫХ АРТРИТАХ

The juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is one of the most widely spread rheumatic diseases among children, which is characterized by the steady progressive run, rapidly leading to the disability. Among numerous JRA manifestations, one of the leading is the joint syndrome with children mostly suffering from the knee joint impairment. With JRA, the initial changes in the joints affect the joint tissues and articular cartilage, while the bone changes evolve at the late stages of the disease. As a result, the echography plays an important role in the early arthritides diagnostics if compared to the x ray study and computerized tomography. To identify the typical features of the knee joint impairment, 97 children with JRA and 16 children with the juvenile spondyl arthritis (JSA) underwent the high pitched linear transducer assisted echography. The overwhelming majority of patients showed the changes in the hyaline cartilage. The hyperechoic enlargements in the depth of the cartilage were typical of JRA, while the cartilage thinning was typical of JSA. About a half of the patients showed the effusion. Over a third of the patients showed the changes in the cortical layer of the articular bone surface.Key words: juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile spondyl arthritis, diagnostics, knee joint echography, children.Ювенильный ревматоидный артрит (ЮРА) – одно из наиболее частых ревматических заболеваний у детей, характеризующееся неуклонно прогрессирующим течением, приводящим к ранней инвалидизации. Среди множества проявлений ЮРА одним из ведущих является суставной синдром, причем у детей наиболее часто поражается коленный сустав. Первичные изменения суставов при ЮРА затрагивают мягкие ткани сустава и суставной хрящ, в то время как костные изменения развиваются уже на поздних стадиях заболевания. В связи с этим ультразвуковое исследование (УЗИ) играет большую роль в ранней диагностике артритов в сравнении с рентгенографией и компьютерной томографией. С целью выявления характерных признаков поражения коленного сустава 97 детям с ЮРА и 16 детям с ювенильным спондилоартритом (ЮСА) было проведено УЗИ с использованием высокочастотных линейных датчиков. У подавляющего большинства пациентов были обнаружены изменения гиалинового хряща, причем при ЮРА характерным было наличие в толще хряща гиперэхогенных разрастаний, а при ЮСА – истончение хряща; примерно у половины больных был выявлен суставной выпот; более чем у трети – изменения кортикального слоя суставных поверхностей костей. Ключевые слова: ювенильный ревматоидный артрит, ювенильный спондилоартрит, диагностика, УЗИ коленных суставов, дети.(Педиатрическая фармакология. – 2008;5(6):87-92