Near-Infrared Visual Differentiation in Normal and Abnormal Breast Using Hemoglobin Concentrations

Introduction: Near-infrared (NIR) optical imaging is a non-ionizing modality that is emerging as a diagnostic/prognostic tool for breast cancer according to NIR differentiation of hemoglobin (Hb)concentration.Methods: The transmission values of LED-sourced light at 625 nm were measured by power meter to evaluate the optical properties of Hb in breast phantom containing major and minor vessels. For the simulation of blood variations in cancerous breast condition, we prepared 2 concentrations of pre-menopausal Hb and 4 concentrations of post-menopausal Hb and, for comparison with normal tissue, one concentration of Hb injected inside the phantom’s vessels. Imaging procedure on the phantom was also conducted by LED source and CCD camera. The images from the experiments were compared with the results obtained from the images analyzed by MATLAB software. Finally, mammography of phantom including various concentration of Hb was prepared.Results: The transmitting intensities of NIR in blood containing 1, 2 and 4 concentrations of Hb in the major vessels were 52.83 ± 2.85, 43.00 ± 3.11 and 31.17 ± 2.27 μW, respectively, and in minor vessels containing similar Hb concentrations were 73.50 ± 2.43, 60.08 ± 5.09 and 42.42 ± 4.86 μW, respectively. The gray-scale levels on the major vessel were about 96, 124, 162 and on the minor vessel about 72, 100, 130 measured for 1, 2 and 4 Hb concentrations, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of NIR imaging differentiation were 97.4% and 91.3%, respectively.Conclusion: Significant differences in transmitting intensity, optical imaging as well as software analysis of images were observed for 1, 2 and 4 concentrations of Hb in major and minor breast phantom vessels. Differentiation capability of minor vessels was higher than major vessels for Hb concentrations. Despite a good detection for location of vessels by mammography, it could not show differences between vessels with various concentrations. However, NIR optical imaging demonstrated a good image contrast for showing vessels in terms of concentration. This study recommends NIR optical imaging for prescreening breast cancer due to its potential for early diagnosis

Construction of new 1D and 2D coordination polymers generated from rigid N,N′-bis(4-pyridylmethylene)-1,5-naphthalenediamine ligand:Syntheses, crystal structures and luminescence properties

Treatment of N,N′-bis(4-pyridylmethylene)-1,5-naphthalenediamine (L) with Pb(OAc)2/KBr, Cu(acac)2, and Cu(OAc)2 afforded three new coordination polymers [Pb(μ-L)(μ-Br)2]n (1), [Cu(μ-L)(acac)2]n (2), and [Cu2(μ-L)(μ-OAc)4]n (3). These coordination polymers have been structurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 has a 2D sheet structure in which the lead(II) centers are bridged by both L and bromide ligands. Compound 2 adopts a 1D neutral coordination chain and consists of bis(2,4-pentanedionato) copper(II) units connected by rigid bridging L ligands. The structure of compound 3 also adopts a 1D neutral coordination chain in which two copper centers are connected through four acetate groups to form a Cu(OAc)4Cu paddle-wheel-type cage between two bridging L ligands. The FT-IR spectra, thermal behavior and photoluminescence properties of these coordination polymers have also been investigated.</p

Plasma immobilization of azobenzene dye on polyamide 6 polymer

Abstract Plasma treatment of polymeric materials is a cost-effective and efficient technique to modify the surface and change the constituent unit configuration. This research investigates the effects of argon DC glow discharge plasma on pure and DR1 dye-loaded polyamide 6 polymer films and stabilization of dye on the surface. Plasma breaks some bonds and activates the surface through creating reactive structures such as free radical sites on the surface and increases tertiary amides on the surface of polymer. Besides, this process alters surface topographical characteristics and conformation of azobenzene dye which are effective on the durability of the dye on the surface. Plasma causes interactions of the dye with the polymer and immobilizes the dye on the polymer. On the other hand, these interactions lead to changes in the dye's optical and geometric isomeric activity and stability. This work studies the chemical and morphological changes of polyamide 6 by plasma with AFM and spectroscopic methods. Furthermore, the aging of nylon 6 films loaded with DR1 dye is measured, and the conformational changes of the dye are investigated. Plasma stabilizes the dye on the polymer surface through making changes of chemical and physical properties on the surface components

Cd(II) and Cu(II) coordination polymers constructed from the expanded 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene ligand: conventional and ultrasound-assisted synthesis, crystal structure, luminescence and magnetic properties

A 3D open inorganic/organic framework, {[Cd(mu-L)(mu(3)-SO4)(H2O)]center dot H2O}(n) (1) [L = 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)-2,3-diaza-1,3-butadiene] was synthesized by the reaction of CdSO4 center dot 8H(2)O with L. The treatment of Cu(NO3)(2)center dot 3H(2)O with the same N,N'-donor ligand in two different solvent mixtures, methanol/ dichloromethane (2) and methanol/ chloroform (3), afforded two new ladder-like coordination polymers of formula {[Cu(mu-L)(mu-NO3)(NO3)]center dot solv}(n) [solv = CH2Cl2 (2) and CHCl3 (3)]. The non-interpenetrated ladder motifs 2 and 3 enclathrate the uncoordinated solvent molecules. Crystalline coordination polymers 1 and 3 were also successfully prepared by a sonochemical method under different reaction conditions. Our results indicate that the size of the particles is dependent on the irradiation time. 1 and 3 exhibit intense luminescent emissions in the solid state at room temperature. Cryomagnetic measurements of 3 show the occurrence of a ferromagnetic interaction between the copper(II) ions through the double oxo-nitrate bridge together with a very weak inter-ladder antiferromagnetic interaction [J = +4.93(2) cm(-1), g = 2.10(1) and Theta = -0.567(5) K]

CCDC 1481155: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Related Article: Behrouz Shaabani, Negar Rad-Yousefnia, Mansoureh Zahedi, Şahin Ertan, Graeme R. Blake, Mohammad Sadegh Zakerhamidi|2017|Inorg.Chim.Acta|455|158|doi:10.1016/j.ica.2016.10.021,An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

CCDC 1481350: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Related Article: Behrouz Shaabani, Negar Rad-Yousefnia, Mansoureh Zahedi, Şahin Ertan, Graeme R. Blake, Mohammad Sadegh Zakerhamidi|2017|Inorg.Chim.Acta|455|158|doi:10.1016/j.ica.2016.10.021,An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

CCDC 1481783: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination

Related Article: Behrouz Shaabani, Negar Rad-Yousefnia, Mansoureh Zahedi, Şahin Ertan, Graeme R. Blake, Mohammad Sadegh Zakerhamidi|2017|Inorg.Chim.Acta|455|158|doi:10.1016/j.ica.2016.10.021,An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.